DEPARTMENT OF POLITICS
American Politics 526
Sex Differences: Theory and Policy
Office Hours: Wednesdays 3:30-5:30 and by appointment
Phone Number: 924-7866
e-mail ser6f@virginia.edu
Mr. Rhoads
Spring 2005
Course Description
This course will explore sex and gender differences and similarities from a variety of
perspectives but with an emphasis on biological and evolutionary explanations. The
success of the course will be heavily dependent on thoughtful class discussion. With that
in mind, the principal requirements are designed to make our class-time together more
fruitful. These requirements are (1) regular attendance and thoughtful participation in
class; (2) four to seven short, unannounced quizzes [unexcused, missed quizzes will
count as failures; e-mail me BEFORE class at ser6f@virginia.edu if you can’t be there];
(3) two 7-10 page papers on the assigned reading for the day which will be due two days
before the paper topics are discussed. More specifically papers will be due by 5:00 on the
Wednesday prior to the class meeting in hard copy under my door at 244 Cabell Hall and
also in an e-mail attachment. I will read the papers before we discuss the topic, and you
and I will bring your arguments into our discussion. There will be a heavy penalty for
late papers.
Grades
Thoughtful Class participation
Unannounced Quizzes
Two Short Papers
20%
40%
40%
Reading
Most of the reading for the course will be from a special collection of readings available
at Brillig Books (7 Elliewood Avenue). Brillig will also have copies of Tannen, Talking
from Nine to Five, Browne, Biology at Work, Miller, The Mating Mind and Rhoads,
Taking Sex Differences Seriously.
SYLLABUS: PART I
Schedule of Reading
Week 1 Introduction
1
Week 2 Masculinity/Femininity
I Differences and Their Sources
Udry, J. Richard. (1994). The Nature of Gender. Demography, 31, 561-573.
Kingsley Browne, Biology at Work, Rutgers Univ Press, (2002) pp. 1-10
Interview with Helena Cronin, www.edge.org, Edge 73, August 30, 2000.
Rhoads Taking Sex Differences Seriously, introduction, Ch. 2.
Carol Tavris, The Mismeasure of Women, (1992) pp. 42-56
Archer, John. (September 1996). “Sex Differences in Social Behavior.” American
Psychologist, 51(9) pp. 909-917.
Gilmore, David D., Manhood in the Making: Cultural Concepts of Masculinity (New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1990). Read pp. 220-231.
II Differences and Culture
Miedzian, Myriam. Boys Will Be Boys (New York: Doubleday, 1991). pp. 79-95 only.
Blankenhorn, David. (November 1991). The Good Family Man: Fatherhood and the
Pursuit of Happiness in America. Institute for American Values Working Paper,
W.P. 12, 1-34.
Rosenfeld, Megan, “Games Girls Play: A Toy Chest Full of Stereotypes,” The
Washington Post (December 22, 1995), p. A1.
III The Unconnected Man
Heavey, Bill, “Point Well Taken,” Washington Post (June 5, 1996), p. C9.
Doonesbury Cartoon
Crenshaw, Theresa, The Alchemy of Love and Lust (1996), pp. 140-144
Tannen, Deboara, You Just Don’t Understand, pp. 176-179, 268-271.
Week 3 Sexuality
I Theory
Cashdan, Elizabeth. (1996). “Women’s Mating Strategies.” Evolutionary Anthropology,
5(4), 134-143.
Rhoads, Taking Sex Differences Seriously Ch. 3
Eagly, Alice H., and Wendy Wood. “The Origins of Sex Differences in Human
Behavior,” American Psychologist (199), 408-423.
Buss, Evolution of Desire (1994), 45-48 only.
Kristen Bailey, “Sexual Double Standards May Have Social Roots,” The Cavalier Daily,
April 5, 2004.
Helen Fisher, Anatomy of Love (1992), pp. 88-97.
Michael Crichton, Travels, pp. 317-325.
Theresa Crenshaw, M.D., The Alchemy of Love and Lust, (1996) pp. 120-125, 144-147,
2
158-159.
A. Bryant Furlow and Randy Thornhill, “The Orgasm Wars,” Human Sexuality, (1996)
pp. 55-57.
“Big Breasts and a Bogus Broadcast,” Washington Post, May 19, 1996.
Kate and Douglas Botting, “Men Can Be Sex Objects Too!” Cosmopolitan, August 1996.
Cathy and Doonesbury cartoons.
II Policy
1. Male/Female Relatiosn Among Poor Americans
James Q. Wilson, The Marriage Problem (2002) pp. 155-157.
Rhoads, Taking Sex Differences Seriously, Ch. 4
“Softening the Blow” The Family in America, April 2003.
Donna Britt, “Sex, Courtship and the Hopes of Black Teenage Girls,” The Washington
Post, 5/18/98.
George Gilder, “End Welfare Reform as We Know It,” The American Spectator, June
1995, pp. 24-27.
Jane Mansbridge, “Welfare Reform and Women’s Independence,” APSA Women’s
Section Newsletter, pp. 3-4.
Abigail Trafford, “A Poor Excuse for Marriage,” The Washington Post, March 26, 2002.
David S. Broder. “An Unlikely Marriage Broker.” Washington Post: March 31, 2002.
Robert Pierre. “States Consider Law Against Paternity Fraud.” Washington Post: October
14, 2002.
“The Crisis n the Black Family,” The Family in American: New Research, Sept. 1997.
“Men, Women and Marriage,” Washington Post, December 5, 1993.
Raspberry, William. “Learning About boys From Elephants,” The Daily Progress,
3/5/99.
Adam Thomas and Isabel Sawhill. “For Richer or for Poorer.” Journal of Policy Analysis
and Management. Fall 2002. Vol 21, Number 41. p. 587.
Alex Kotlowitz. “It Takes a Wedding.” New York Times, 11/13/02.
Maggie Gallagher, “Kids Just Want a Two-Parent Family,” Universal Press Syndicate,
1/27/04.
“The Marriage Experiment,” Washington Post editorial, 1/31/04
Barbara Whitehead, “The War Between the Sexes,” The American Enterprise, May 1996,
pp. 25-27.
2. Sex and Power
Peter Huber, “Political Sex,” Forbes, October 24, 1994, p. 270.
Susan Estrich, “Not a Victimless Crime,” Washington Post, September 2, 1996.
Camille Paglia, “How Do You Handle a Hungry Man?” Salon Magazine, March 1997.
James Ceaser, “In the court of Sultan Bill,” The Weekly Standard, 2/23/98.
Richard Morin, “Hail to the Philanders-in Chief,” The Washinton Post, 1998.
Maureen Dowd, “In All His Feathered Glory,” The New York Times, 7/6/98.
Stephanie Golberg, “Greene is Sent out to Pasture,” WE news, 9/25/02.
Martha Frase-Blunt, “The Sugar Daddies’ Kiss of Death,” Washington Post, October 6,
2002, p. B4.
3
3. Sex and Close Military Quarters
Browne, Kingsley. (Winter 2002). “Women at War: An Evolutionary Perspective.”
Buffalo Law Review. Volume 29, Number 1, pp. 171, 191, 192 only.
“Advisory Panel Calls on Navy to Permit Women to Serve on Submarines,” AP story,
May 4, 2000.
Moloney, Daniel P. (February 2002). “Sex and the Married Missileer.” First Things,
February 2000, pp. 45-51.
Simons, Anna. (2001). “Women in Combat Units: It’s Still a Bad Idea.” Parameters,
Short excerpt
Week 4: Aggression/Competition/Risk-taking
I Theories of Aggression
Browne, Biology At Work, pp. 11-21.
Elizabeth Cashdan, “Hormones, Sex and Status in Women,” Hormones and Behavior
(1995) pp. 354-355 only.
Rhoads, Taking Sex Differences Seriously, Ch. 6.
Hillary Lips, Sex and Gender (1997), pp. 112-120.
Goldberg, Steven (1993). Why Men Rule: A Theory of Male Dominance. Chicago: Open
Court. Read pp. 64-73, 103-105, 110-113, 126-129, 148-149.
“Violent Behavior Ebbs After Classes,” Washington Post (May 28, 1997), p. A9.
Walter Harrington, “The Boys of Selby,” The Washington Post Magazine, June 23, 1985,
9-22.
II Competitiveness, and Title IX
Sheila Gibbons, “Sports News Shortchanges Female Players, Fans,” Women’s E-News
Today, 5/14/03.
Rhoads, Taking Sex Differences Seriously, Ch. 7
Bob Thompson, “My Girls Make a Vertical Leap,” The Washington Post, 3/8/98.
Goodman, Ellen. “A Winning Idea in Sports: a Level Playing Field,” Boston Globe (June
19, 1997) p. A17.
Marcus, Mary Brophy, “If You Let me Play: A Basketball or a Hockey Puck May Shatter
the Glass Ceiling,” U.S. News and World Report (October 27, 1997), pp. 88-90.
Debbie Goldberg, “N.J. School Tackles a Political Football,” Washington Post, 9-8-02, p.
A3.
Raspberry, William. “The Way They Play on The Mean Streets.” Washington Post,
12/12/97.
Charles McGrath. “A Whole New Ballgame,” The New York Times, 9/15/02.
Jackson Katz, “The Price Women Pay for ‘Boys Being Boys,’” Seattle Post Intelligencer,
May 13, 2001.
4
Michael Landenson. “The Real Bobby Knight.” The American Enterprise.
October/November 2002.
Mike Lupica. “Bully for IU- Knight Firing Long Overdue.” New York Daily News.
“Frequent Participation in Sports” Data by Age and Sex, from Gaining Ground (1998),
pp. 4-5.
“More Coachable: Anson Dorrance has found the right approach to women players,”
Soccer Press.
III Domestic Violence
David Buss, “Abuse” and “Jealousy” from The Evolution of Desire.
Barri Flowers, “The Problem of Domestic Violence is Widespread,” in Swisher ed.,
Domestic Violence, pp. 10-19.
Erica Goode, et.al., “Domestic Violence as a Serious Problem for Women,” in Swisher
ed. pp. 24-25 only.
Karen Peterson, “Studies Shatter Myth About Abuse,” USA Today, 6/23/03.
Gwinn, Casey. “Harsher Penalties Can Reduce Family Violence,” pp. 160-164 in Bruno
Leone, ed. (1996) Family Violence, San Diego: Greenhaven.
Sarah Dinan (research assistant-2001) “Summary of Domestic Violence Research” pp. 14.
Ellen Pence and Michael Paymar, Education Groups for Men Who Batter: The Diluth
Model (1993) pp. 60-63, 72-81.
Satel, Sally L., “It’s Always His Fault,” Women’s Quarterly (Summer 1997), pp. 4-10.
John Leo, “Mars to Venus: Back Off,” U.S. News and World Report, 5/11/98.
Week 5: Nurturing the Young
I Theory and Evidence
1. Biology at Work?
Browne, Biology at Work, pp. 21-2.
Rhoads, Taking Sex Differences Seriously, Ch. 8.
Babchuk, Wayne A., Hames, Raymond B, and Thompson, Ross A. (1985). Sex
Differences in the Recognition of Infant Facial Expressions of Emotion: The
Primary Caretaker Hypothesis. Ethology and Sociobiology 6, p. 89 only.
Frodi, Ann M., and Lamb, Michael E. (1978). Sex Differences in Responsiveness to
Infants: A Developmental Study of Psychophysiological and Behavioral
Responses. Child Development 49, 1182-1188.
Hilary Lips, Sex and Gender, pp. 120-122.
M. Rivka Polatnick, “Why Men Don’t Rear Children: A Power Analysis,” in Trebilcot
ed., Mothering Essays in Feminist Theory, pp. 21-37.
Cowan, Philip A., Cowan, Carolyn Pape, and Kerig, Patricia K. Mothers, Fathers, Sons
and Daughters: Gender Differences in Family Formation and Parenting Style,
reports in Cowan, Philip et al., eds., Family, Self, and Society: Toward a new
Agenda for Family Research (Hilsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
1993). Read pp. 168-173 only.
5
2. Do Women Need Children?
Betty Rollin, “Motherhood: Who Needs It?” The Norton Reader, pp. 534-544.
Anne Glusker, “Fertility Panic,” Washington Post, 12/14/97.
“Mothers are Made Not Born” (on Lita Hollingworth) from Unger and Crawford, Women
and Gender.
William Raspberry, “Having a Career vs. a Family,” The Daily Progress, 4/30/02.
Abigail Trafford, “Women Can’t Beat the Clock,” The Washington Post, 4/16/02.
“Infertility Campaign Can’t Get Ad Space,” The Washington Post, 8/28/02.
Marylou Tousignant, “A Whining, Dining Doll,” Washington Post, 1/19/99.
Nicholas Eberstadt, “The New Trend: A Population Bust,” Washington Post, 3/18/01
II Breast Feeding
“Breast Feeding Linked to IQ Gain,” Washington Post, 5/8/02.
“Study Links Cancer Rate, Time Spent Breast-Feeding,” The Daily Progress.
Abigail Trafford, “What’s Good for the Baby May Guilt Trip the Mother,” Washington
Post, 12/9/97 and letters to the editor.
Judith Galtry, on feminism, breastfeeding and the workplace (Sarah Dinan abstract of
article)
III Child Custody
Neely, Richard. “Barter in the Court,” The New Republic, February 10, 1986, pp. 13-15.
Goldstein, Leslie. “Can this Marriage Be Saved?” Feminist Jurisprudence (1992), pp. 2425.
IV Day Care
Jay Belsky, “Quantity Counts,” Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. June 2002,
pp. 167-170.
“Child Aggressiveness Study Cites Day Care,” Washington Post, 4/19/01.
James Devitt, “Teacher’s College, Social Work Professors Find Association Between
Mothers Working Full-Time and Young Children’s Cognitive and Verbal
Development,” Columbia News, 2002.
Audrey Fisch, “Where’s Poppa,” www.salon.com, 8/5/02.
Ellen Goodman, “Unlike Research Life…” The Daily Progress, 8/13/02.
Steven Pearlstein, “Subsidies May Not Mean Parents Trade Up on Day Care,”
Washington Post, 2/5/98.
Rhoads, Ch. 9, Day Care.
Joan Williams, “Why Moms Stay Home,” Washington Post July 17, 2003
“Childcare Initiative Triggers ‘Mommy Wars’,” Washington Post, 1/26/98.
Marjorie Williams, “Desk Top Day Care,” Washington Post, 12/13/00.
Cohn, D’Vera, “For Women, Work Gains Can Mean Home Losses,” Washington Post
(August 26, 1994), p. C1.
Ruth Marcus, “What Mommies Want,” Washington Post, 5/11/03.
6
Alissa Quart, “Chronicle: Child Rearing: The Parent Trap,” N.Y. Times.com, 10-24-04.
Week 6 Conversational Styles
Tannen, Deborah, Talking from 9 to 5: Women and Men in the Workplace: Language,
Sex and Power (New York: Avon, 1994). Read pp. 14-15, 21-77, 88-91, 99-102,
107-131, 185-216, 236-292, 300-301, 310-317.
Brown, David. “Grils may Inherit Intuition Genes From Fathers,” Washington Post, June
12, 1997.
Roipe, Anne, “Talking Trouble,” Working Woman, October 1994.
“Stuff from Beyond,” e-mail from California State University, 1998.
Goodman, Ellen. “Guy Thing, Gal Thing,” Boston Globe, 3/11/95.
Ehrenreich, Barbara. “The Politics of Talking in Couples: Conversus Interruptus and
Other Disorders,” in Feminist Frameworks, Jagger and Rothenberg eds. (New
York: McGraw-Hill).
L. Peat O’Neil. “Where the Girls Aren’t,” Washington Post, July 27, 1998.
Cathy cartoon.
I Men and Women in Prison
Collins, William C. and Andrew W. Collins. “Women in Jail: Legal Issues,” U.S.
Department of Justice, Dec. 1996, pp. 1-6.
Ginger Otis, “Female Prisoners Sue State for Guard’s Sex Abuse,” Women’s e-news
3/17/03
Fletcher, Beverly, et al. Women Prisoners, 1993 [brief excerpt from review].
Brief excerpts from court commentary.
Rasche, Christine E. “Special Needs of the Female Offender.” Florida State Department
of Education, 1991. pp. 46-49, 54057, 191.
Cranford, Susan and Rose Williams. “Critical Issues in Managing Female Offenders.”
Corrections Today, Dec. 1998, pp. 130-134.
Klein, Amy. “New Approaches Sought to Punish- and Reach- Wayward Girls,”
Washington Post, 1997.
Mishra, Raja, “Jessup’s New Warden Lets Prisoners Know Who’s Boss,” Washington
Post, Nov. 22, 1997.
Mason, Ann, “Gender-Specific Programming in Corrections: What’s the Point?” May 12,
1999, pp. 19-22.
Week 7 Courtship, Dating, Hooking up, and Cohabitation
I Theory
Buss, David, The Evolution of Desire, (1994) - Ch. 7, "Sexual Conflict."
Schlessinger, Laura, Ten Stupid Things Women Do..., 1994, pp. 91-109.
Fein, Ellen and Sherrie Schneider, The Rules, 1995, Chs. 2-4, Rules 6, 13, 15, 17, 22, 29.
Commentary on The Rules: Goodman and Walsh
Hax, Carolyn, "The Rules for Men," Washington Post, 12/12/97, C5.
7
Dave Barry, "Men vs. Women."
II Policy and Culture
1.. Sexual Harassment
Twomey, Steve, "A Dear in the Headlights of Harassment," Washington Post, March 28,
1996.
Muggeridge, Anne Roche, "Give a Little Whistle!" Women's Quarterly, Winter 1995, pp.
9-10.
"Saying Yes and No to Sex," Washington Post, January 29, 1995
Dave Barry, "World Cups," The Washington Post Magazine, 2/27/94.
Siegel, Deborah, "Legal Definitions of Sexual Harassment Must Be Broad," What is
Sexual Harassment, 1992, pp. 46-53.
"The New Rules of Sexual Harassment," US News and World Report, July 6, 1998.
Browne, Biology at Work, pp. 191-214
Philip Weiss, "Don't Even Think About It (The Cupid Cops Are Watching)," in The New
York Times Magazine, May 3, 1998.
Cathy Young, "Strange and Cautionary Tales of Sexual Harassment," in The Women's
Freedom Network Newsletter, Summer 1996.
Rita Risser, "The New Law of Sexual Harassment: Everything You Know is Wrong*," in
Rethinking Sexual Harassment: A Women's Freedom Network Special Report,
1998.
Martin, Judith, "No Romance Please," Washington Post, 1995.
Stephanie Mencimer, "When You Must Make a Lasting Impression," Washington
Post, April 19, 1998.
2. The Sexual Revolution
Adleson, Joseph, "Sex Among the Americans," Human Sexuality, pp. 37-41, 1997.
Fillion, Kate, "Lock Up Your Sons," Human Sexuality, 1997, pp. 195-199.
Levine, Judith, "The Sexual Revolution is Not Immoral," Sexual Values, pp. 37-43.
"Steps in the Mating Dance" and "A Proper Proposal," in Judith Martin, Miss Manners'
Guide to Raising Perfect Children.
Barbara Rissman and Pepper Schwartz, “After the Sexual Revolution: Gender Politics in
Teen Dating,” Contexts, Spring 2002, pp. 16-23
Rhoads, Ch. 5
Norval Glenn and Elizbeth Marquardt, Hooking Up, Hanging Out, and Hoping for Mr.
Right, Independent Women’s Forum, 2001, pp. 24-9 [This publication will
be distributed in class]
UVA Resident Advisor on “Sex and Hooking Up at UVA” 2000
3. Dating, Marriage, and the Career Woman
Schiffren, Lisa, "Is That All There Is?" Women's Quarterly, (Autumn 1997), pp. 4-8.
Clements, Marcelle and Lisa Kogan. "The Single Life," Elle.
Greistman, Ann. "Ring Anxiety," Glamour, Oct. 1999.
8
Week 8
Marriage
I Marital Dynamics
Thompson, Linda and Alexis Walker, "Gender in Families: Women and Men in
Marriage, Work and Parenthood," Journal of Marriage and the Family,
November, 1989, pp. 845-865.
Goleman, Daniel, Emotional Intelligence, 140-141.
Booth, Alan and James M. Dabbs, "Testosterone and Men's Marriages," Social Forces,
December 1993, 72(2): 472-473.
Tannen, Deborah, You Just Don't Understand, 288-93
II Marital Health and Happiness
Rovner, Sandy, "Healthtalk: Heart Attacks & Wives," The Washington Post (1983)
Norval Glenn et. al, “Why Marriage Matters: Twenty One Conclusions From the Social
Sciences,” American Experiment Quarterly Spring 2002, pp. 34-40.
Musante, Linda, et. al. (1990). Individual and Cross-spouse Correlations of Perceptions
of Family Functioning, Blood Pressure and Dimensions of Anger. Journal of
Psychosomatic Research, 393-399.
Brian Reid, “Dying to Stay Home,” Washington Post, 9-10-02
Susan Okie, "Stress and Colds," Washington Post, December 10, 1996.
Marilyn Elias, “Hugs Can Do a Heart Good Especially For Women,” USA Today, 3/8/04.
Weisfeld, G.E., "Correlates of Satisfaction in British Marriages," Ethnology and
Sociobiology 1992, 13:125, 139-42
Cancian, Francesca M., "Gender Politics: Love
and Power in the Private and Public Spheres," Gender and the Life Course,
(1985), ed. Alice Rossi, pp. 257-263.
Barnett, Rosalind and Grace K. Baruch, "Social Roles, Gender, and Psychological
Distress," Gender and Stress, eds. Rosalind Barnett, Lois Biener and Grace
Baruch (The Free Press,1987), pp. 131-141.
"Motherhood Today -- A Tougher Job, Less Ably Done," The Pew Research Center,
1997.
III Should Law and Society Encourage Marriage ?
A. Cohabitation and Marriage
Child Trends, “More Unmarried Children Choosing to Live Together and Bear Children”
3-26-01
Sarah Lyall, “With the Blessing of Society, Europeans Opt not to Marry,” New York
Times, 3-24 02
Cohan “Fragile Unions (with prior cohabitation),” 2002 excerpt
Glenn, Norval D., "A Critique of Twenty Family and Marriage and the Family
Textbooks," Family Relations, 1997, 46:197-202.
B. Policy and Commentary
Carlson, Allan C. and David Blankenhorn, "The Wages of Wedlock," The Weekly
Standard, November 17, 1997, 16-17.
9
Fagan, Patterson and Rector, “Marriage, (Marriage Education) and Welfare Reform,”
Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, 10-25-02, pp. 1-2 only.
Alexandra Starr, “Shotgun Wedding by Uncle Sam,” Business Week, 6-4-02
III Childcare, Housework and Androgynous/Traditional Marriages
Nock, Steven L., and Margaret F. Brinig. "Weak Men and Disorderly Women: Divorce
and the Division of Labor,"excerpts.
Mainardi, Pat, "The Politics of Housework," Jagger and Rothenberg, eds. Feminist
Frameworks, pp. 19-23.
Browne, Biology at Work, pp. 133-41, 166-87
Morse Roback Morse, Jennifer. "Counter-Cultural Womanhood: Why I Am Not a
Feminist."
Oct. 18, 1997 speech to the Women's Freedom Network Annual
Conference, reprinted in "Vital Speeches of the Day." [This comes from below]
Goldberg, Steven, “Men and Women Should Not Share Domestic Responsibilities,” in
Petrikin, ed., Male Female Roles, (1995) pp. 280-83
Schwartz, Pepper, "Peer Marriage," Marriage and the Family, pp. 93-97.
Francine Deutsch, Halving it All: How Equally Shared Parenting Works, (1999) pp. 61-6
Caitlin Flanagan, “The Wifely Duty,” The Atlantic Monthly, Jan. 2003
Liza Mundy, “The Late Shift,” Washington Post 3-17-02
Belsky and Houston, “Sex Typing and Division of Labor As Determinants of Marital
Change Across the Transition to Parenthood,” Jrn of “Personality and Social
Psychology 1986 abstract only
Rivers and Barnett, “Housework Gap Closes for Dual-Earner Couples,” Women’s eNews November 26, 2005
Pullella, Philip, "Mama Mia Reconsidered," Washington Post, August 30, 1996.
Washington Post Kaiser Poll on Changing Gender Roles—1998
WEEK 9: Evolutionary Theory
Miller, Geoffrey, The Mating Mind (2000), pp. 177-223, 253-257, 273-391, 426-434.
Angier, Natalie. (February 21, 1999). “Men, Women, Sex, Darwin.” New York Times
Magazine.
Ferguson, Andrew. “Evolutionary Theory and Its True Believers,” The Weekly Standard,
(March 10, 2001) pp. 31-39.
Tooley, James, The Miseducation of Women (2002), pp. 174-191, 207-213.
Wright, Robert, “Debating Human Happiness,” Slate, (October 15, 2002).
.
Week 10: Cognition
I Cognition Differences: Theory and Findings
Browne, Biology at Work, pp. 25-32.
Kimura, Doreen, “Sex Differences in the Brain,” Scientific American, 1992, p. 119-125.
Lubinski, David, Camilla Persson Benbow, and Cheryl E. Sanders. “Reconceptualizing
10
Gender Differences in Achievement Among the Gifted,” pp. 699-705 only in
K.A. Heller et al. eds., International Handbook of Research and Development of
Giftedness and Talent (London: Pergamon Press).
Pool, Robert. Eve’s Rib, 1994, pp. 14-25, 55-63.
Lips, Hillary, Sex and Gender, 1997, pp. 164-167.
Suplee, Curt, “Sexes Shown to Think Differently,” Washington Post, 2/16/95, p. A1.
Curt, “Neurobiology: Why the Gender Gap,” Washington Post, 1/30/95, p. A2.
McGuinness, Diane, When Children Don’t Learn, New York: Basic Books, 1985, pp. 2023, 83-84, 89-90, 125-142.
Wilkinson, Amy E. “In Her New Book, Lani Guinier Says It’s Time for New Teaching
Methods,” Pennsylvania Law Weekly, June 30, 1997.
BeVier, Lillian, “Is Lani Guinier Right? Women in Law Schools,” Ex Femina, April
1998.
Yilu Zhao, “Beyond Sweetie’” New York Times, 11/04
II Tests, Grades, and Accomplishments
Xiguang, Li, “Mental Ability Tests Show Sharp Differences by Sex,” Washington Post,
July 7, 1995.
“White Men Outscore All Women on Medical Exam,” Washington Post, Sept. 7, 1994.
Arenson, Karen W. “College Board Revises Test to Improve Chances for Girls,” New
York Times, Oct. 2, 1996.
Nakashima, Ellen, “Where in the World are Girls in Geography? Greater Number of
Boys Find Way to National Bee,” Washington Post, May 21, 1998.
Lavon, Neal, “Girl Grievance,” Washington Post, May 30, 1998.
Data on Education Results By Gender, The American Enterprise, Sept. 2002, p. 61.
Michael Fletcher, “Degrees of Separation: Gender Gap Among College Graduates,”
Washington Post, 6/25/02.
III Gender and Math, Science, Technology, and Music: Role of Natural Differences,
Social Factors, and Discrimination
Canes, Brandice and Harvey Rosen. “Following in Her Footsteps? Faculty Gender
Composition and Women’s Choices of College Majors,” Industrial and Labor
Relations Review 48(3), April 1995, pp. 486-488 and 499-500 only.
Bass, Gary. “Geek Chic,” New Republic, Sept. 8 & 15, 1997, p. 11.
Victoria Benning, “Gender Gap in Fairfax Computer Classes,” Washington Post, 7/14/98.
Karen Stabiner, “Where the Girls Aren’t,” New York Times, 1/12/03.
Virginia Task Force on Physics, “Physics in Virginia,” 7/22/96, read pp. 7, 26, 28-30.
Zack, Ian, “Panel Deletes Report’s Language on Hiring of Minorities, Women,” Daily
Progress, p. A1.
Selvin, Paul “Does the Harrison Case Reveal Sexism in Math?” Science, June 28, 1991,
p. 1781.
Cole, John S. and Zuckerman, Harriet, “The Productivity Puzzle: Persistence and Change
in Patterns of Publication of Men and Women Scientists,” pp. 217-218 (abstract),
Steinkamp, Marjorie and Maehr, Martin L., eds., Advances in Motivation and
11
Achievement (Greenwich, Conn: JAI Press, 1984.
“Shameful,” Economist, May 24, 1997, p. 79.
Carr, Phyllis, et al. “Relation of Family Responsibilities and Gender in the Productivity
and Career Satisfaction of Medical Faculty,” Annals of Internal Medicine,
October 1, 1998, p. 532 only.
Laine, Christine, “On Being Dr. Mom,” Annals of Internal Medicine, October 1, 1998.
Goldin, Claudia and Cecilia Rouse, “Orchestrating Impartiality: The Impact of ‘Blind’
Auditions on Female Musicians,” NBER working paper #5903, Jan. 1997,
abstract only.
Rensberger, Boyce, “How Honest Data Can Mislead,” Washington Post, 3/12/97, p. H5.
“From the Editor: PC at the NRC,” Science Insights 6(6), National Association of
Scholars, 2002.
IV Single-Sex Education
Pool, Robert, Eve’s Rib, pp. 244-247.
Riordan, Cornelius, Girls and Boys in School: Together or Separate? (New York:
Teachers College Press), Ch. 3.
American Association of University Women Educational Foundation, Separated by Sex:
a Critical Look at Single-Sex Education for Girls, p. 33-34.
Hafner, Katie, “Girls Soak Up Technology in Schools of Their Own,” New York Times,
Sept. 23, 1999, p. E7.
Lewin, Tamar, “How Boys Lost Out to Girl Power,” New York Times, Dec. 13, 1998.
Strauss, Valerie, “Equal Opportunity Learning: Gender Differences Prompt Teachers to
Try Tactics Geared to Both,” Washington Post, Feb. 22, 2000, p. A9.
AP, “Number of Single-Sex Classes Grows,” 2004.
Leonard Sax, “The Odd Couple,” The Women’s Quarterly, Summer 2002, pp. 14-16.
Justin Blum, “Scores Soar at D.C. School With Same Sex Classes,” 6/27/02.
Ellen Goodman, “Single Sex Ed Makes the Wrong Assumptions,” The Daily Progress,
5/17/02.
Robert Longo, “Why Same Sex and Co-Ed Classes are Equally Beneficial, If
Experienced at the Same Time” November, 2004.
Week 11: Occupational Segregation and the Glass Ceiling
I Background
Tannen, Deborah, You Just Don’t Understand, pp. 236-237.
Major, Brenda, Dean McFarlin, and Diana Gagnon, “Overworked and Underpaid: On the
Nature of Gender Differences in Personal Entitlement,” Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology 47(6), 1984, p. 1399 only.
Associated Press, “Young Female Doctors Reach Pay Parity With Men,” Washington
Post, April 11, 1996.
“Working Women,” The Washington Post, March 7, 1999.
Kristin Downey, “Women Rising in Corporate Ranks, Report Says,” Washington Post,
11/19/02.
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II Possible Biological Influences on Occupation & Occupational Achievement
Dabbs, James M. “Testosterone and Occupational Achievement,” Social Forces 30(3),
March 1992, pp. 813 only.
Purifoy, Frances E. and Lambert H. Koopmans, “Andostenedione, Testosterone, and Free
Testosterone Concentration in Women of Various Occupations,” Social Biology
26(3), Fall 1979, p. 179 only.
Kimura, Doreen, “Commentary on the Report of the 5th Canadian Conference of Women
in Engineering, Science and Technology, York University, August 1992.” CAUT
Bulletin, 1994.
Hines, Melissa (and Kimura response), “Sex Ratios at Work,” Scientific American, 2/93.
III Contrasting Explanations
“Sex Bias Cited in Vocational Ed,” Washington Post, 6/16/02.
Williams, Joan, “Deconstructing Gender,” in Bartlett and Kennedy, pp. 95-123.
Browne, Kingsley, Biology at Work, pp. 35-92, 215-217.
Williams, Joan, “Why Moms Stay Home,” The Washington Post, 7/17/03.
Leslie Stahl, “Staying at Home,” 60 Minutes, CBS News, 10-10-04.
Marty Nemko, “Men Driven to an Early Grave,” Mensnewsdaily.com 11/5/03
Maureen Dowd, “Men Just Want Mommy,” The New York Times, 1/13/05 and letters.
Hakim, Catherine, Work-Lifestyle Choices in the 21st Century (Oxford, 2000) pp. 94-103.
IV The Glass Ceiling
Tannen, Deborah, “The Glass Ceiling,” Talking From 9 to 5, New York: Avon, 1994, pp.
132-144, 151-159, reread 196-198.
Gallese, Liz Roman, “Blame Male Managers,” Across the Board, April 1991, pp. 19-22.
Rhode, Deborah, Speaking of Sex, (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1997),
pp. 141-149.
Morris, Betsy, “Executive Women Confront Midlife Crisis,” Fortune, Sept. 1995, 11 pp.
Kingsley Browne vs. Rosalind Arden. “Sex at Work,” Prospect, Oct. 1998, pp. 16-20.
Keith Bichburg, “French Women Assured Victory Before Vote is in,” Washington Post,
3/10/01.
V Women in Combat
Kingsley Browne, “Coed Combat” Chapter Outline for Book Manuscript 2004.
Wojack, Adam, “Integrating Women Into the Infantry,” Military Review, Nov/Dec 2002.
O’Bierne, Kate, “When Lives Are at Stake,” Ex Femina, September 1997, pp. 10-13.
Pictures of male Marines in Afghanistan, Washington Post, 11/30/01 and female Marine
recruit at Parris Island, 4/28/02.
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Week 12 Classic and Modern Debates
Rousseau, Jean Jacques on marriage and the education of women in Emile (as excerpted
in Mahowald, pp.88-100).
Bloom, Allan. "Introduction," to Rousseau's Emile (Bloom, ed.), pp. 23-5.
Wollstonecraft, Mary. "A Vindication of the Rights of Women," (as excerpted in
Mahowald, pp. 113-128.)
de Tocqueville, Alexis. "How the Americans Understand the Equality of the Sexes," in
Democracy in America (Vintage) vol 2, third book, ch12, pp. 222-225.
Ephesians 5, The Bible (as excerpted in Mahowald, 41-42.)
Browning, Don. "Biology, Ethics and Narrative in Christian Family Theory," in Popenoe,
et. al, Promises to Keep (1996), pp. 119-151.
Lewis, C. S. "Eros" in The Four Loves, pp. 131-162.
de Beauvoir, Simone. The Second Sex, as excerpted in Mahowald, pp. 202-221 and pp.
278-281 in the original.
Week 13: Parental Leave
I Parental Leave in U.S. and Europe
T.R. Reid, “Norway Pays a Price for Family Values,” The Washington Post, 11/1/98.
Sheila Kamerman, “Parental Leave Policies: An Essential Ingredient in Early Childhood
Education and Care Policies,” Social Policy Report (Society for Research in Child
Development) XIV(2), 2000, pp. 1, 3-15.
Jens Knudsen, “Parental Leave in Scandinavia and the United States,” 5/02 excerpts.
II Female Professors and American Universities
Steven and Chris Rhoads, “Gender Roles and Post-Birth Leaves.”
Rhoads, Taking Sex Differences Seriously, Ch. 1.
Robert Drago and Joan Williams, “A Half Time Tenure Track Proposal,” Change, 11/02.
Thomas Bartlett, “Women Who Have Children Early in Their Careers Hurt Their
Chances to Achieve Tenure,” from The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2/12/02.
Week 14: The Contemporary Debate
I Background
Span, Paula, “Television Tunes in to Real Differences Between the Sexes,” Washington
Post, March 16, 1999.
“Reality Check: The Gender Revolution,” Washington Post, March 22, 1998.
.
II Differing Perspectives
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Goldberg, Steven, Why Men Rule, 1993, pp. 224-229.
Angier, Natalie, “Men, Women, Sex and Darwin,” New York Times Magazine, 2/21/99.
Lionel Tiger, “The Human Nature Project,” Bradley lecture at AEI, 12/9/02.
Steinem, Gloria, “Reving Up for the Next 25 Years,” Ms., Sept. 1997, pp. 82-84.
Graglia, Carolyn F. The Housewife as Pariah, (The Institute of United States Studies,
University of London, 1997).
Young, Cathy, “Sex and Sensibility,” Reason, March 1999.
Pollit, Kathy. “Marooned on Gilligan’s Island: Are Women Morally Superior to Men?” in
Reasonable Creatures: Essays on Women and Feminism, 1994, pp. 42-62.
Crittenden, Danielle, Ch. 2 from What Our Mothers Didn’t Tell Us,
(Simon and Schuster, 1999).
Cathy cartoon.
Rosalind Barnett and Caryl Rivers, “Men are From Earth, and so are Women, It’s Faulty
Research That Sets Them Apart” Chronicle of Higher Education, 9/3/04 and
letters from Rhoads, Gaulding, Noddings, Honey from the 10/8/04 issue.
Rhoads, Steven E. “Conclusion"
15