LABORATORY EXERCISE 1
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
indexed to Ross &Pawlina Histology: A Text and Atlas (5th edition, 2006)
R & P (page number)
plate #, & figures
Slides numbers from histology slide boxes
1. Simple Cuboidal (678)
Plate 72, Fig. 1-2
Slide 2, Kidney
2. Simple Columnar (608)
Plate 63, Fig. 2
Slide 57, Gall bladder
3. Simple Squamous
Plate 1, Fig. 2. (140)
Slide 1, Squamous epithelium
4. Pseudostratified columnar
Plate 2, Fig. 4 (142)
Fig. 5.
Slide 4, Trachea
Slide 72, Epididymis
5. Stratified squamous
Plate 2, Fig. 6 (142)
Slide 5, Tongue
Slide 6, Skin, sole
Slide 73, Vagina
6. Stratified cuboidal
Plate 3, Fig. 2 (144) Slide 7, Scalp
Plate 38, Fig. 1 (464)
7. Transitional
Plate 3, Fig. 4 (144)
(look for sweat glands ducts)
Slide 8, Bladder (urinary)
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LABORATORY EXERCISE 2
CONNECTIVE TISSUE and ADIPOSE TISSUE
1. Loose Connective tissue (176)
Plate 4, Figs. 1-4
Slide 65, Inactive mammary gland
Slide 73, Vagina
Slide 6, Skin, sole
(also note adipose tissue)
2. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue (466)
Plate 39, Fig. 3
Slide 6, Skin, sole
3. Dense Regular Connective Tissue (178)
Plate 5, Fig. 1-2
Slide 13, Tendon
4. Elastic fibers (180)
Plate 6, Fig. 2
Slide 10, Areolar tissue spread
Fig. 3.
Slide 39, Aorta (H&E does not show elastic lamellae well.....
look at silver stained slides)
5. Reticular fibers
Text, p. 159, Fig. 6.12 Slide 9, Lymph node
Plate 33 (432) Fig. 2
(best seen in silver stained slides)
6. Hyaline cartilage (194)
Plate 7, Fig. 1-3
Slide 15, Developing endochondral bone
7. Elastic cartilage (198)
Plate 9, Fig. 1-2
Slide 16, Elastic cartilage
8. Fibrocartilage (200)
Plate 10, Figs. 1 & 2
Slide 17, Fibrous cartilage
9. Adipose Tissue
Text, p. 242, Fig. 9.2 Slide 6, Skin, sole
Text, p. 456, Fig.15.14 Slide 7, Scalp
2
(our slides don’t look like text figures)
LABORATORY EXERCISE 3
CARTILAGE and BONE
CARTILAGE (see 6-8 of Laboratory Exercise 2)
BONE
1. Compact bone (228)
Plate 11, Figs. 1-3
Slide 18, Bone ground
2. Spongy bone and Compact Bone (230)
Plate 12, Fig. 1-2
Slide 19, Developing intramembranous bone
3. Intramembranous ossification (236)
Plate 15, Figs. 1-3 Slide 19, Developing intramembranous bone
4. Endochondral ossification (232 and 234)
Plate 13, Figs. 1 & 2 Slide 15, Developing endochondral bone
Plate 14, Figs. 1 & 2 Slide 15, Developing endochondral bone
See also Fig. 8.17 p. 219
See also Fig. 8.19 p. 221
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LABORATORY EXERCISE 4
Caution: Take every precaution to avoid getting immersion oil on microscope lenses other than
the 100X objective! It is easy to unintentionally spread immersion oil to the 40X objective which
renders that lens useless until it is thoroughly cleaned.
At the beginning of lab, students will be shown the proper technique for using oil immersion.
At the end of lab, the professor will have each student verify that the 40x objective has not been
affected by oil.
Each student will examine a blood smear slide and classify 100 leukocytes to gain practice
identifying lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Data from all
students will be compiled to determine if the percentages of leukocytes counted in our slides agree
with percentages stated in the text.
BLOOD and MUSCLE
1. Blood
Plate 16, all figures (276)
Plate 17, all figures (278)
Slide 20, Blood smear (examine with oil @ 100x)
Slide 20, Blood smear
MUSCLE
1. Skeletal muscle
Plate 18, Figs. 1-3 (308)
2. Cardiac muscle
Plate 20, Figs, 1-4 (312)
3. Smooth muscle
Plate 22, Figs. 1-4 (316)
Lymphocytes
Slide 24, Skeletal muscle (ls) (examine with oil @ 100x)
Slide 25, Skeletal muscle (xs)
Slide 26, Cardiac muscle
Slide 22, Smooth muscle;
Slide 23, Uterus
Monocytes
Neutrophils
total
percentage
observed
percentage
expected
(from text)
4
Eosinophils
Basophils
LABORATORY EXERCISE 5
BLOOD VESSELS (Consult "Aids for Identification of Blood Vessels" on next page.)
Clarifications will be provided at the beginning of the laboratory.
Caution: Our criteria for vessel identification do not necessarily coincide with the naming of
vessels on the Downing laser disc. Use our classification scheme, not that of the Downing disc.
Note: The fundic stomach slide is used to search for arterioles, capillaries, and venules. Other
types of blood vessels may be present as well.
1. Arterioles
Plate 31, Fig. 1-2 (394)
Slide 37, Fundic stomach
2. Capillaries
Plate 53, Fig. 2 (560)
Slide 37, Fundic stomach
Legend for Figure 2 does not mention capillaries. Look for capillaries which should be
numerous in the connective tissue just deep to the gastric glands.
3. Venule
Plate 53, Fig. 2 (560)
Slide 37, Fundic stomach
Venules not mentioned in figure legend. Be able to distinguish postcapillary venules from
muscular venules.
4. Muscular arteries and Veins
Plate 30, Fig. 1-3 (392)
Slide 38, Artery and vein
Point of Clarification: Text uses Internal and External Elastic Membrane, Plates use
Internal & External Elastic Lamina
5. Elastic artery
Plate 29, Figs. 1-6 (390)
6. Lymphatic vessel
Plate 31, Fig. 3-4 (394)
Plate 56, Fig. 2 (566)
Slide 39, Aorta
Slide 51, Ileum (look for lacteals in villus; difficult to see.)
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AIDS FOR INDENTIFICATION OF BLOOD VESSEL TYPES
Due to the confusion arising from the differences in vessel classification between our textbook and
the barcode guide to the laserdisk images, we will follow the textbook's criteria for vessel type
identification.
ELASTIC ARTERIES
massive layer of elastic tissues in the tunica media
internal elastic membrane present
MUSCULAR ARTERIES
massive layer of smooth muscle in the tunica media
Internal elastic membrane prominent
External elastic membrane present
SMALL ARTERIES
3-8 layers of circularly arranged smooth muscles in the tunica media
Internal elastic membrane present
wall thickness approximately same as lumen diameter
ARTERIOLES
1-2 layers of circularly arranged smooth muscles in the tunica media
Internal elastic membrane may be absent
CAPILLARY
wall consists of a simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)
no other tunics present.
internal diameter is about 10 micrometers.
POSTCAPILLARY VENULES
larger diameter than capillary
wall consists of endothelium plus pericytes
MUSCULAR VENULES
like postcapillary venules but with at most 2 layers of smooth muscle
larger lumen than arteriole
VEINS (no attempt to distinguish between large and medium veins)
tunica media much thinner than comparable artery
frequently the lumen is partially collapsed and larger than comparable artery
no internal elastic membrane
wall thickness much less that diameter of the lumen
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LABORATORY EXERCISE 6
NERVOUS TISSUE
1. Nerve cells of ganglia
Plate 23, Fig. 3 & 4 (354)
Slide 29, Spinal ganglion (DRG) (most are silver stained)
We will compare and contrast with autonomic ganglia during laserdisc review.
Read Figure legends for 1 & 2 to learn about Autonomic Ganglia.
2. Structure of peripheral nerve
Plate 24, Figs. 1-4 (356)
(use oil immersion)
Slide 30, Human nerve
Slide 31, Nerve fibers
3. Cerebrum
Plate 25, Fig. 1 (358)
Slide 76, Cerebrum (silver stain)
Correction: Substitute “neurons” for “nerve” in text at top of page in yellow box.
4. Cerebellum
Plate 26, Fig. 1-4 (360)
5. Spinal cord
Plate 27, Figs. 1-3 (362)
6. Sensory nerve endings
Plate 42, Fig. 1-4 (472)
7. Motor nerve ending
Plate 19, Fig 3 (310)
8. Neuroglia
see text p. 333-338
Fig. 12.19 and 12.20
Slide 75, Cerebellum
Slide 28, Spinal cord
Slide 27, Nerve cells, ox (a smear prep, not sectioned)
Slide 32, Meissner's corpuscle (not obvious on all slides)
Slide 33, Pacinian corpuscle (find with low power)
Slide 34, Motor nerve ending
Slide 35, Protoplasmic astrocytes
Slide 36, Fibrous astrocytes
No slide for microglia
Be sure to identify Schmidt-Lantermann clefts (p. 330 Fig. 12.10B), Purkinje cells, pyramidal cells,
and molecular layer and granular layer of cerebellum in videodisc images.
Know the differences between silver, Nissl, osmium, and Golgi stains.
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LABORATORY EXERCISE 7
LYMPHOID ORGANS and SKIN
1. Lymph node
Plate 33, Figs. 1 & 2 (432)
Plate 34, Figs. 1-3 (434)
Slide 42, Lymph node
Slide 9, Lymph node, reticular
Slide 42, Lymph node
Slide 9, Lymph node, reticular
2. Spleen
Plate 35, Figs. 1-3 (436)
Plate 36, Figs. 1-3 (438)
Slide 43, Spleen
Slide 43, Spleen
3. Thymus
Plate 37, Figs. 1-3 (440)
Slide 44, Thymus
SKIN
1. Thick skin
Plate 38, Fig. 1 (464)
Slide 6, Skin
2. Thin skin
Plate 38, Figs. 2 & 3 (464)
Plate 39, Fig. 1-3 (466)
Plate 41, Figs. 1-3 (470)
Slide 7, Scalp
Slide 7, Scalp
Slide 7, Scalp
Lymph nodes
subcapsular sinus
efferent lymphatic vessel
cortex
reticular cells
trabecular sinus
lymphatic nodules
medullary cords
post-capillary venules
afferent lymphatic vessel
germinal center
medullary sinus
hilus
Spleen
red pulp
germinal center
capsule
stave cell
white pulp
PALS
trabecular vein
cords of Billroth
central artery
myofibroblasts
venous sinus
Thymus
epithelioreticular cells
cortex
Hassall's corpuscles
medulla
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LABORATORY EXERCISE 8
ORAL CAVITY and DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I
ORAL CAVITY
1. Tongue
Plate 45, Figs. 1&2 (508)
Plate 46, Figs. 1&2 (510)
2. Teeth
Page 485, Fig. 16.7
Page 488, Fig. 16.10
Page 489, Fig. 16.11
Page 490, Fig. 16.13
Page 492, Fig. 16.16
Slide 5, Tongue
Slide 5, Tongue
Demonstration, Tooth
Slide 78, Developing Tooth
Demonstration, Tooth
Slide 45, Tooth in situ
Slide 45, Tooth in situ
Slide 78, Developing tooth
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. Esophagus
Plate 50, Figs. 1 & 2 (554)
Slide 46, Esophagus
2. Esophogastric junction
Plate 51, Fig. 1 (556)
Slide 47, Esophagus and stomach
3. Stomach
Plate 51, Figs. 2-4 (556)
Plate 52, Figs. 1-3 (558)
Plate 53, Figs. 1-4 (560)
Plate 54, Figs. 2&3 (562)
Slide 47, Esophagus and stomach
Slide 37, Fundic stomach
Slide 37, Fundic stomach
Slide 48, Pyloric stomach
Look at tooth slide without microscope: identify gingiva, gingival sulcus, alveolar bone, and
alveolus.
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LABORATORY EXERCISE 9
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CONTINUED and
GLANDS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
1. Small intestine
Plate 55, Figs. 1&2 (564)
Plate 56, Figs. 1-3 (566)
Plate 57, Figs. 1-3 (568)
2. Large Intestine
Plate 58, Figs. 1,2,4 (570)
Slide 49, Duodenum
Slide 3, Duodenum
Slide 49, Jejunum
(Fig 1 is ls, our slides are cs)
Slide 50, Jejunum
Slide 49, Ileum
Slide 51, Ileum
Slide 52, Colon
GLANDS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
1. Salivary glands
Plate 47, Fig. 2 (512)
Plate 48, Fig. 2 (514)
Slide 54, Submandibular gland
Slide 53, Parotid gland
Slide 77, 3 types of salivary glands
2. Liver and Gallbladder
Plate 61, Figs. 1&2 (604) Slide 56, Liver
Warning: It is difficult to distinguish
Plate 62, Figs. 1&2 (606) Slide 56, Liver
hepatocytes in poorly perfused liver tissue.
Plate 63, Figs. 1-4 (608) Slide 57, Gallbladder
3. Pancreas
Plate 64, Figs. 1&2 (610) Slide 55, Pancreas
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LABORATORY EXERCISE 10
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and URINARY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1. Trachea
Plate 67, Figs. 1-3 (640)
Slide 4, Trachea
(oil immersion to see cilia &
basal bodies)
2. Lung
Plate 68, Figs. 1-3 (642)
Plate 69, Figs. 1-4 (644)
Slide 58 & 81, Lung
Slide 58 & 81, Lung
(oil immersion to see Type I & II
alveolar cells, Clara cells)
Slide 80, Emphysema (note size of alveoli)
Slide 79, Smoker’s lung (look for carbon particles)
URINARY SYSTEM
1. Kidney
Plate 71, Figs. 1-2 (676)
Plate 72, Figs. 1-4 (678)
Plate 73, Figs. 1&2 (680)
Slide 2, Kidney
Slide 2, Kidney
Slide 2, Kidney
2. Ureter
Plate 74, Figs. 1-2 (682)
Slide 59, Ureter
3. Urinary bladder
Plate 75, Figs. 1-3 (684)
Slide 8, Bladder
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LABORATORY EXERCISE 11
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. Seminiferous tubules
Plate 82, Figs. 1&2 (760)
Page 734, Text figure 22.6
Slide 41, Testis
(oil immersion***)
2. Epididymis
Plate 84, Figs. 1&2 (764)
Slide 72, Epididymis
3. Ductus (vas) deferens
Plate 85, Figs. 1&2 (766)
Slide 60, Ductus deferens
4. Prostate gland
Plate 86, Figs. 1-2 (768)
Slide 62, Prostate
5. Seminal vesicles
Plate 87, Figs. 1&2 (770)
Slide 61, Seminal vesicle
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. Ovary
Plate 88, Figs. 1-4 (810)
Plate 89, Figs. 1-5 (812)
Slide 63, Ovary
Slide 63, Ovary
2. Corpus luteum
Plate 90, Figs. 1-4 (814)
Slide 64, Corpus luteum
3. Uterus
Plate 92, Figs. 1&2 (818)
Plate 93, Figs. 1&2, (820)
4. Mammary gland
Plate 98, Figs. 1&2 (830)
Plate 99, Figs. 1&2 (832)
@@@
Slide 23, Uterus
Slide 65, Mammary gland, inactive
Slide 66, Mammary gland, active
*** find spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, early spermatids, late spermatids, spermatozoa,
Sertoli cells, Leydig cells.
@@@ find primordial follicles, primary follicles, secondary follicles, Graafian follicles, and atretic
follicles.
Be able to correlate stages in the ovary (follicular and luteal) to stages in the uterus (proliferative,
secretory, and menstrual) and the hormones responsible (p. 787)
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LABORATORY EXERCISE 12
ENDOCRINE GLANDS and ORGANS OF SPECIAL SENSE
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
1. Pituitary
Plate 76, Fig. 1-3 (716)
Slide 67, Pituitary (hypophysis)
2. Thyroid
Plate 79, Fig. 2 (722)
Slide 69, Thyroid gland
3. Adrenal gland
Plate 80, Figs. 1-4 (724)
Plate 81, Figs. 1 (726)
Slide 68, Adrenal gland
Slide 68, Adrenal gland
ORGANS OF SPECIAL SENSE
1. Eye
Plate 100, Fig. 1 (858)
Plate 101, Figs. 1-2 (860)
Plate 102, Figs. 1-2 (862)
Plate 103, Figs. 1-7 (864)
Slide 70, Eye
Slide 70, Eye
Slide 70, Eye
Slide 70, Eye
2. Cochlea
Plate 105, Figs. 1&2 (886)
Slide 71, Cochlea
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