Name: ____________________________________________________________________
Hour: ______
Biology Unit 4: Homework #3
[Protein Synthesis & Mutations]
(1) What are we trying to do in Protein Synthesis?
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(2) What are the 2 very basic steps in Protein Synthesis?
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(3) There are 3 parts in a nucleotide: Phosphate, Sugar, and a Nitrogenous Base. Which of these 3 parts
actually make up your genetic instructions/code?
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(4) What is the full name for RNA? ______________________________________________________
What is the full name for DNA? ______________________________________________________
What does the Ribose- and the Deoxyribose- represent in both of their names?
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(5) What are the 3 parts of a RNA Nucleotide?
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(6) Draw and Label a DNA Nucleotide:
(7) Draw and Label a RNA Nucleotide:
(8) Which molecules contain codons? _______________________________________
(9) Which molecules contain anticodons? ________________________________________
(10)
What are codons and anticodons?
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Going from DNA to RNA…
(11)
a.
b.
c.
d.
(12)
The Adenine on DNA will pair with ___________________________ on RNA.
The Thymine on DNA will pair with __________________________ on RNA.
The Guanine on DNA will pair with ___________________________ on RNA.
The Cytosine on DNA will pair with ___________________________ on RNA.
How is mRNA (messenger RNA) used in Protein Synthesis?
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(13)
How is rRNA (ribosomal RNA) used in Protein Synthesis?
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(14)
How is tRNA (transfer RNA) used in Protein Synthesis?
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(15)
What are we trying to do in Transcription of Protein Synthesis?
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(16)
What is the first step of Transcription of Protein Synthesis?
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(17)
What does RNA Polymerase do during Transcription of Protein Synthesis?
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(18)
What do we end up with at the conclusion of Transcription in Protein Synthesis?
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(19)
What are we trying to do in Translation of Protein Synthesis?
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(20)
What is the relationship between mRNA and rRNA in Translation of Protein Synthesis?
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(21)
What are tRNA molecules used for in Translation of Protein Synthesis?
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(22)
What do we end up with at the conclusion of Translation in Protein Synthesis?
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For #’s 23-25, fill in the complimentary DNA/RNA base pairs and Amino Acids using your knowledge of
BASE PAIRING and the CHART. 
(23)
DNA
mRNA
___
A U G
A C U
A G C
U G G
G G G
U A U
U A C
U U U
AA
U A G
___
(24)
DNA
T A C
C G C
T C C
G C C
G T C
G A C
A A T
A C C
A C T
mRNA
_
AA
_
(25)
DNA
mRNA
AA
MET
ARG
GLY
PHE
PHE
MET
VAL
GLY
(STOP)
(26)
What is a mutation, in general?
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(27)
What is the difference between a MISSENSE, a NONSENSE, and a SILENT mutation?
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(28)
Below is the base sequence for the normal protein for normal hemoglobin and the base
sequence for the sickle cell hemoglobin.
Normal: GGG CTT CTT TTT
Sickle: GGG CAT CTT TTT
a. Transcribe and translate the normal and sickle cell DNA.
Normal mRNA: ______________________________________________________________
Normal Amino Acids: _________________________________________________________
Sickle Cell mRNA: ___________________________________________________________
Sickle Cell Amino Acids: ______________________________________________________
b. Identify this as a point or frameshift mutation. Explain.
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c. If the base sequence read GGG CTT CTT AAA instead, would this result in sickle
cell hemoglobin? Explain.
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(29)