Which organelles contain
different DNA than the nucleus
of the cell?
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Describe the structural (physical)
difference between animal and
plant cells.
Plant cells contain a cell wall,
chloroplasts and a central
vacuole.
Animal cells do not.
Describe the structure of the
cell membrane (include
hydrophilic and hydrophobic
regions).
Composed of a phospholipid
bilayer. The head regions
(phosphates) are hydrophilic (like
water).
The tail regions (lipids) are
hydrophobic (hate water).
Name the other molecules that
are part of the cell membrane.
Give the function of each.
Cholesterol- strengthens cell
membrane
Proteins- structural support,
channels for polar and medium
large molecules to travel
Carbohydrates- id tags
What is the difference between
active and passive transport?
Active transport- requires energy
and goes against the
concentration gradient
Passive- no energy required, goes
down the concentration gradient
Describe the 3 types of passive
transport.
Diffusion- movement of substance from high
to low concentration
Osmosis-diffusion of water from high to low
concentration
Facilitated diffusion- diffusion of molecules
from high to low concentration that require
a channel protein to help it cross membrane
Describe the two types of active
transport.
Endocytosis- process that requires energy to
something into cell (pinocytosis- small
molecules) (phagocytosis- large molecules)
Exocytosis- process that requires energy to
remove something from a cell. (vesicle forms
around substance, vesicle moves to cell
membrane, then fuses to membrane and then
releases the material out of the cell.
Compare and contrast facilitated
diffusion and active transport.
(how are they alike and
different)
Facilitated diffusion requires
protein assistance but moves
down concentration gradient.
Active transport also requires a
protein but moves against the
concentration gradient.
Hypotonic: water would move into
cell
Describe what would happen to
the cell in the following solutions?
Hypotonic
Hypertonic: water would move out
Hypertonic
Isotonic
Isotonic: water would move in and
out at equal rates, no net gain
State the three parts of the cell
theory.
Cells are the basic unit of life.
Cells make up all living things.
Cells arise from pre-existing
cells.
Scientists’ contributions to the
cell theory.
Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden,
Schwann, Virchow
What is considered the basic
building block of life?
Hooke- first discovered cell
Leeuwenhoek- first microscope,
first living cells
Schleiden- plants made of cells
Schwann-animals made of cells
Virchow-cells come from preexisting cells
cells
Describe the difference between
prokaryote and eukaryote cells?
Prokaryotes- no nucleus, small,
simple, no membrane bound
organelles
Eukaryotes-true nucleus, large,
complex, membrane bound
organelles
Classify the following cells as
prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Animal- eukaryotic
Bacteria- prokaryotic
Animal
Bacteria
Plant
Why does the name “little
organs” describe organelles
appropriately?
Describe the function of:
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell membrane
Plant-eukaryotic
The organelles function like
organs with specific functions
that help the cell live and
maintain homeostasis.
Ribosome- synthesize proteins
Golgi-sort, pack and ship proteins
and other substances in and out
of cell
Nucleus- control center
Nucleolus- make ribosomes
Cell membrane- regulate what
enters and leaves cell
Which organelles contain
different DNA than the nucleus
of the cell?
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Describe the structural (physical)
difference between animal and
plant cells.
Plant cells contain a cell wall,
chloroplasts and a central
vacuole.
Animal cells do not.
Describe the structure of the
cell membrane (include
hydrophilic and hydrophobic
regions).
Composed of a phospholipid
bilayer. The head regions
(phosphates) are hydrophilic (like
water).
The tail regions (lipids) are
hydrophobic (hate water).
Name the other molecules that
are part of the cell membrane.
Give the function of each.
Cholesterol- strengthens cell
membrane
Proteins- structural support,
channels for polar and medium
large molecules to travel
Carbohydrates- id tags
Describe the function of the
following:
Mitochondria
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Describe the function of the
following:
Cell wall
Cilia
Flagella
Chloroplasts
What is the physical difference
between smooth and rough ER?
Mitochondria- power house
(cellular respiration)
Smooth ER- lipid synthesis
Rough ER- modify proteins
Cytoplasm- house organelles
Cytoskeleton- support/structure
of cell
Cell wall-plant support, protection
Cilia- hair like structures for
feeding and movement
Flagella- whip like structure for
movement
Chloroplasts- photosynthesis
Smooth no ribosomes present,
tubular shape
Rough has ribosomes attached
folded shape