Name: ____Key_______________
Date: _________ Period: ____
Section 1: Greek Art and ArchitectureStudy Prints
A. Athens: The Acropolis
1. Why do you think the Greeks build their most important buildings on a hill?
- built on a hill for protection (most important places)
- built originally for military purposes
- temples higher up (closer to the gods)
2. What material was used to make these buildings?
- Marble/Bronze Statues
3. Why do think the buildings are in ruins?
-earthquakes/erosion- invasion by the Turks -1687- lack of repairs
B. Athens: The Parthenon
1. What was the Parthenon?
- Temple dedicated to Athena- patron God of Athens
________________________________________________________________________
2. What type of column was used?
- Doric columns
________________________________________________________________________
3. Describe the Parthenon?
- Located on the acropolis of Athens –sacred area to the Athenians - center for religious
observances dedicated to Athens
C. Athens: The Parthenon (Interior)
1. Whose statue was inside the Parthenon?
Athena
________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do you think the statue held a shield and a spear?
Athena was the protector of Athens, symbolic shield and spear
________________________________________________________________________
3. True or False – The statue was six feet tall. **43 feet tall*
4. In what ways were the insides of the Greek Temples different from churches?
Greek temples- lack of windows, simplistic, focal point was Athena’s statue instead of altarlarger
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D. Aegina: The Temple of Aphaea (dedicated to the local diety Aegina)
1. Is the temple larger or smaller than the Parthenon? ___smaller_____________
2. What kind of columns can be found in this structure? ___Doric______________
E. Corinth: The Agora
1. What is an agora?
Greek market place- gossip, politics, friends and food
________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do you think there was a covered walkway?
- keep rain from interfering - food tent carts set up in the middle of the agora
________________________________________________________________________
F. Delos: A House
1. Was this the home of a poor person or a wealthy person? Explain.
Wealthy= size, decorations of house – possibly owned by government officials or very wealthy
________________________________________________________________________
2. What do you think was the purpose of this room?
- residence -government or trade center(would bring many guests) - possible religious shrine
________________________________________________________________________
3. How was the ceiling of this home different from our homes today?
- large doric columns, marble, large statues, no atriums (courtyard)
________________________________________________________________________
4. TRUE OR FALSE- Columns were only used in Greek Temples.
G. The Fortifications (Fort) of Agoesthena
1. Why did the Greeks build walls and forts?
- watch tower and defense post - generate community pride -protection from enemies -sense of
security
________________________________________________________________________
2. What were the walls made of?
- Stone blocks brick tower
________________________________________________________________________
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Name _________________________________ Date ___________ Class _________
5-1 The Culture of Ancient Greece
Directions: Filling in the Blanks Reading the section and completing the sentences below will help you
learn more about the culture of Ancient Greece. Refer to your textbook pages 154-163 to fill in the blanks.
The Greeks believed in many gods and goddesses who controlled (1)
Nature
Zeus
__________________.
Led by (2) _________________,
the chief god, the twelve
Mt. Olympus
most important gods and goddesses lived on (3) __________________.
According to
Greek myth, the gods were not thought to be (4) __________________,
but did have
All-powerful
Rituals
special powers. (5) __________________ were followed in hope of receiving good
fortune from the gods. Because the Greeks believed in destiny and prophesy, they often
oracle
visited a(n) (6) __________________
in order to find out about the future.
epics
The earliest Greek stories were (7) __________________. The poet (8)
Homer
__________________
wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Greek people looked on the
history
epics as real (9) ____________________.
Homer's heroes became (10)
Role-models
____________________
for Greek boys. Another form of Greek story that taught a lesson
fable
was the (11) ____________________.
Each fable ends with a message, or (12)
moral
____________________.
Drama
(13) ____________________
is a story told by actors who pretend to be characters in the
story. A tragedy has an unhappy ending because the character tries to (14)
overcome
____________________ difficulties but fails. In a comedy, the story ends (15)
happily
____________________.
(16) ____________________
Artists
in ancient Greece believed in ideas like reason, moderation,
balance, and harmony and hoped to inspire people to base their lives on these ideas.
pottery
Examples of Greek painting can be seen on Greek (17) ____________________.
Greek
architecture has influenced buildings today in the use of marble (18)
columns
____________________, which are common features of churches and government buildings.
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Greek Theatre
Answer these questions using the in-class reading.
1. How did Greek theatre start? Theater grew out of festivals for the God Dionysus. They had
a chorus leader who gave a soliloquy.
2. Define soliloquy. A talk in which personal thoughts or feelings are expressed.
3. Describe a Greek tragedy. Stories about suffering that dealt with the past and were
relationships between the people and the gods.
4. Describe a Greek comedy. A play in which a happy ending was usually told in the present
and made fun of politicians.
5. Why did the Greek actors wear masks? To show gender, age, and mood of the characteralso included a funnel to amplify the voice.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. True/False: Both men and women acted in Greek theatre.
Greek Olympics
1. Do you think the modern day Olympic games are a force of unity in the world. Why or why not.
_____Will vary_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. How did athletes compete in the pancratium? It was a combination of no holds barred
boxing/wrestling. You could not bite or gouge eyes.
3. What five events made up the pentathalon? Run, jump, throw discus, wrestle and hurl the
javelin- winner was the best overall athlete.
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Greek Religion Word Unscramble
Directions: Look at the letters below. Unscramble each to reveal the name of a Greek god or
goddess. Use the clues to help unscramble the letters.
1. S R E A god of war
____ARES_________________________
2. U E Z S chief god; god of the sky, rain, and lightning
_____ZEUS___________________________
3. M A R T S I E goddess of the hunt and wild animals
_____ARTEMIS___________________________
4. P O O L A L god of the sun and poetry
___APOLLO__________________________
5. T E S H A I goddess of the home
____HESTIA_________________________
6. S N P O E I D O god of the sea
___POSEIDON________________________
7. D E H A S god of the underworld
___HADES_________________________
8. H S E E M R messenger of the gods
____HERMES________________________
9. N A H A T E goddess of wisdom
____ATHENA_______________________
10. T E P H D R I O A goddess of love
____APHRODITE_______________________
11. R H E A goddess of marriage
____HERA________________________
12. T R E E D E M goddess of crops
____DEMETER_____________________
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Name _______________________________ Date ________________ Class ________
5-2 Greek Philosophy and History
Directions: Outlining Reading the section and completing the outline below will help you learn
more about Greek philosophy and history. Refer to your textbook pages 168-173 to fill in the
blanks.
I.
philosophy
science
Greek _______________
led to the study of history, political science, _______________,
and mathematics.
A.
teachers
Many philosophers were _______________ like Pythagoras, who taught that all
relationships in the world could
expressed
be _______________
in numbers.
Sophists
B.
One school of philosophers were the _______________ who traveled from city to
city making a living by teaching others.
C.
sculptor
Socrates was an Athenian _______________
whose true love was philosophy.
1.
Socratic method
Socrates invented the _______________
of teaching, which asks pointed
questions to force students to use
reason and to see things for themselves.
2.
D.
rebel
Socrates was accused of teaching young Athenians to _______________
against the _______________.
State
Plato
_______________
was a student of Socrates who taught that democracy was not a
good system of _______________.
government
E.
II.
Americans
Aristotle, a student of Plato, influenced the way Europeans and _______________
thought about government.
histories
Greeks wrote the first real _______________ in Western civilization.
A.
Herodotus wrote the history of the Persian Wars and tried to separate
_______________
from _______________,
fact
legend
but used _______________
and _______________
to explain some events.
gods
goddesses
B.
Most historians consider _______________
the greatest historian of the ancient
Thucydides
world because he saw war and
Human beings
politics as the activities of _______________
and stressed the importance of having
accurate _______________.
facts
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5-3
Alexander the Great: Words to Know
Directions: For each of the following terms or place names, indicate which are associated with
Philip II and which are associated with Alexander the Great by filling in the number before each
term in the correct portion of the Venn diagram. Read pages 174-179 to answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Alexandria- Alexander the great
Chaeronea- Phillip II
Hellenistic Era- Alexander the great
Macedonia- Both
Syria- Alexander the great
Building Academic Vocabulary
achieve, verb
achievement, noun
Directions: Answer the following questions about the word achieve. You may use your textbook, a
dictionary, or Internet resources to help you.
6. What does it mean to "achieve a goal"?
Will Vary- a person accomplished something they set out to do
7. What is a goal of yours?
Will Vary
8. What were some of the achievements of Philip II and Alexander the Great?
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Greek Columns: Read page 162 and label the Greek columns.
Beneath your label, give one word to describe the look of each column.
Name
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
Description
Greek Culture-Architecture-TheaterOlympics-Gods Quiz Study Guide
Architecture: Agora / Parthenon / Corinthian, Doric, and Ionic columns
Theater: Comedy / Tragedy / Soliloquy
Olympics: Pentathlon / Pancratium
People: Philosopher / Pythagoras/Socrates/Alexander the Great
Gods: Athena / Apollo / Aphrodite / Ares / Dionysus / Zeus
Short Essay(s):
1. Why did ancient Greek actors wear masks?
2. Why did the ancient Greeks build their most important buildings on
the Acropolis?
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