Cell Reproduction: Binary Fission 4.1
1. Cells reproduce by ____________________________________________________________.
2. A cell divides after it grows to a certain ___________________________________________.
3. In a multicellular organism, cell division allows the organism to: _______________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. In single-celled organisms, the organism ______________________________ by cell division.
This is a type of ____________________ reproduction because only _______ parent cell is
involved.
5. The simplest type of cell division called ______________________________________ occurs
in _________________________.
6. Binary fission is _______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Describe the steps of binary fission.
A. The __________________________________ is copied. This process is called
________________________________________________.
B. A new cell __________________________ and cell ________________ form between
the copied chromosomes.
C. The cell pinches into 2 ______________________ cells that are identical in size and
gene content.
Draw the stages of Binary Fission below:
Cell Reproduction: Cell Cycle 4.2
1. Cell reproduction in __________________________ cells is more complex than cell
reproduction
in _________________________ cells.
2. The life cycle of a cell or ____________________ is _________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. The cell cycle has ________ main phases:
A. __________________________ - The period between two divisions of a eukaryotic
cell
during which the cell ___________________ and prepares for __________________.
This phase is divided into 3 smaller phases: G1, S, G2
a. G1 – This is the ___________________________________________________.
The cell in this part of its life cycle________________________________
____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
b. S – This is the ____________________________________________________
The cell in this part of its life cycle ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
c. G2 – This is the __________________________________________________
The cell in this part of its life cycle _______________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
B. _________________________ - The portion of the cell cycle in which the __________
divides (called _______________________) and the ______________________
divides (called ____________________________)
4. Make a diagram of the cell cycle and label each of its phases.
5. Prokaryotic cells reproduce much _________________________ than eukaryotic cells.
A. A prokaryotic (bacterium) cell divides once every
_______________________________.
B. A eukaryotic (human skin) cell divides once every
______________________________.
Cell Reproduction: Chromosomes 4.3
1. Each type of organism has a specific chromosome ________________________________.
Fly: __________
Corn: __________
Dog: __________
Human: __________
2. During interphase the chromosomes are not ____________________. The DNA appears as a
mass in the nucleus called _____________________.
3. As the M phase begins the DNA coils up to form __________________________. When the
chromosomes first become visible, each chromosome consists of two identical
__________________________ joined by a ___________________________.
4. Draw a diagram of a chromosome
as it begins the M phase.
Review pages 120 –124 in the textbook to complete the following:
5. Every cell in the human body other than sperm and egg cells are called
__________________ cells.
6. Each somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes or two sets of ________________
chromosomes.
7. The 23 different chromosomes differ in ____________________, __________________,
and________________________________.
8. A ______________________________ set of chromosomes is essential to survival.
9. Each of the 23 pairs of chromosomes consists of two __________________________
chromosomes or __________________________.
10. Each homologue in a pair comes from one of the two _________________. Therefore, the
46 chromosomes in somatic cells are actually 2 sets of 23 chromosomes, one set from the
__________________ and the other set from the __________________.
11. When a cell contains two sets of chromosomes it is said to be
________________________.
It is represented as __________. In humans, the diploid number is _________.
12. The sex cells, also called ____________________, have only 1 set of chromosomes and
therefore are said to be ______________________. It is represented as ___________.
In humans, the haploid number is ____________.
13. In your own words, explain why it makes sense that gametes have the haploid number of
chromosomes.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
14. Of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes, 22 are ____________________. These are
chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the __________ of an
organism.
15. There is 1 pair of chromosomes that will determine the sex of the organism called
______________chromosomes. In humans and many other organisms, these two
chromosomes are referred to as _____________________ and
________________________ chromosomes.
16. The genes that cause a fertilized egg to develop into a male are located on the
______________________chromosome. An organism with a __________ chromosome is
_______________________ and an organism without a ________________ chromosome
is a _________________________.
17. In humans, a male’s sex chromosomes are written as ____________ and a female’s sex
chromosomes are written as ______________.
18. The sex (gender) of a human child is determined by the ____________________________
parent. Explain why:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
19. Humans missing even 1 of the 46 chromosomes do not ___________________________.
Humans with more than 2 copies of a chromosome, a condition called ________________,
do not _____________________ properly.
20. What is a karyotype?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
21. What is the condition called when a person has an extra copy of chromosome 21?
(2 names)
_________________________________________________________________________
22. An organism can receive an extra copy of a chromosome when the chromosomes in the
formation of sex cells do not separate properly. This is called
_________________________________.Changes that occur in chromosome structure are
called ______________________________.
24. Name the 4 types of mutations and draw a diagram to show what happens in each type.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Cell Reproduction: Mitosis 4.4
1. The M in the M phase stands for ________________________________________________.
2. Mitosis is the
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Mitosis has 4 distinct stages: _________________________, _________________________,
_________________________, ___________________________.
4. The cell’s cytoplasm divides to form the 2 new cells in the process called
______________________________________________.
5. The 2 new cells are ____________________ to each other and to the ____________________
cell.
6. Each new cell has the __________________ number of chromosomes as the original cell.
7. Read pages 128-132 in the textbook and complete the chart below.
Major Phases in the Cell CycleDraw each phase and describe what happens in each phase
Interphase
First Phase of Mitosis: _________________________
Second Phase of Mitosis: _________________________
Third Phase of Mitosis: _________________________
Fourth Phase of Mitosis: _________________________
Cytokinesis
Cell Reproduction: Meiosis 4.5
1. Body cells or ____________________ cells are ____________________ which means
they have __________ sets of chromosomes. One set came from the _______________
parent and the other set came from the _______________ parent.
2. Since diploid cells have 2 sets of chromosomes, they are represented by __________. In
humans, this number is ____________.
3. Somatic diploid cells reproduce to make ______________ identical copies of themselves
in the process called __________________.
Show a diagram of this process.
4. Cells with only 1 set of chromosomes are said to be ____________________. These cells
are represented by __________. In humans, this number is __________. Only the sex
cells or____________________ of a multicellular organism are haploid.
5. The gametes of an organism are produced in a type of cell division called
_________________________________.
6. Meiosis occurs in the ____________________ of the cell cycle.
7. During meiosis, a nucleus undergoes _______ rounds of division. A diploid cell becomes
__________, _________________ daughter cells. Show a diagram of this process below.
Two Types of Cell Division: Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis
Diagram of each process
Purpose of process
Type of cells it occurs in
Chromosome number in
parent cell
Number of times DNA
replicates
Number of nuclear/cellular
divisions
Number of daughter cells
produced
Chromosome number in
daughter cells
Daughter cells identical or
different from parent cell
When synapsis and crossing
over occurs
Cell Reproduction: Gamete Production 4.6
Meiosis
1. Meiosis is necessary for ____________________ reproduction because it allows organisms to
make sex cells or _____________________.
2. The process in which sperm cells are made is called __________________________________.
__________ sperm cells, all the same size, result from each cell that starts meiosis.
3. The process in which egg cells are made is called _________________________________.
__________ large egg cell results from each cell that starts meiosis. 3 smaller cells die.
4. Sexual reproduction occurs when a sperm cell unites with an egg cell in a process called
_________________________.
5. The fertilized egg cell is called a ____________________. It has the ___________________
number of chromosomes because half come from the _______________ and half come from
the _________________.
6. __________________________ is when the chromosomes do not separate properly during
meiosis. This causes the gametes to have an ___________________ number of chromosomes.
7. When 3 copies of the same chromosome are found in a cell, it is called __________________.
8. When only 1 copy of a chromosome is found in a cell, it is called _______________________.
9. Offspring that receive an abnormal number of chromosomes usually _____________________.