Student sponge test questions
Paragraph 1 and 2
Cellular level of organization means the cells are largely independent and do not form tissues or organs.
The tiny pores on the surface of a sponge that allow H 2O to enter and circulate through a series of canals in
the sponge are called ostia.
Sponges are classified as phylum Porifera because of the pores (ostia) located throughout their bodies.
_________ are among the structurally simplest multicellular animals.
A. Sponges
What does sessile mean?
A. living permanently attached to the bottom or some other structure.
What does the word porifera mean?
A. pore-bearers
___________ allows a microscopic canal to form to allow water to enter.
Answer: pore cells
The large feeding chamber that water is pumped into is lined with __________
Answer: Collar Cells
A Large opening on the top of the sponge which water leaves is called the ________.
Paragraph 3 and 4
Water leaves through the _________ , a large opening on the top of the sponge. (osculum)
The outer surface is covered with flat cells called –pinacocytes-.
___________ through microscopic canals allow water to enter into the sponge.(porocytes or pore cells)
Sponge cells ______ from one type to the other. (change)
Water is pumped into a larger feeding chamber lined with collar cells.
Sponges do not form_______ and _______ (tissues, organs)
Ostia are: Tiny pores on the surface of a sponge.
Sponges are best described as: Aggregations of specialized cells.
When sponge cells are separated, they’re able to regroup and _____________.
A: form a new sponge
Pore cells are also known as ___________.
A: porocytes
Water leaves through the _________, which is a large opening on top of the sponge.
A: osculum
Paragraphs 5 and 6
Animals that eat food particles suspended in the water are called Suspension Feeders .
Filtering the food particles makes sponges filter feeders.
Deposit Feeders eat detritus that settle on the bottom.
Sponges are among the structurally simplest multicellular animals.
In some marine sponges, water doesn’t exit through a single osculum, but several oscula.
-Detritus is eaten by Deposit Feeders
Paragraph 7 and 8
What is the larva of most sponges called?
Parenchymula larva
How does the sponge larva travel?
It is carried by the currents.
What process does the larva go through to become a marine sponge?
Metamorphosis
What kinds of shapes might sponges form into?
Branching, tubular, round, or volcano like masses.
What type of sponge form thin, sometimes brightly colored growths on rocks or dead coral?
Encrusting sponges
Paragraph 9 and 10
What is the purpose of spicules?
support structure
________________ is the elastic fiber made of protein.
Spongin
Wandering cells called ________________ secrete the spicules and sponging.
Amebocytes
Sponges reproduce _______________ and _______________.
Asexually, sexually
Most animals have _________________ to produce gametes but sponges do not.
Gonads
Most sponges are _____________, they have male and female parts.
Hermaphrodites
The release of gametes into the water is called _____________________.
Broadcast spawning
Paragraph 11 and 12
What type of sponges live anchored in deep water sediments?
Glass Sponges
What makes sclerosponges very useful to scientists?
Sclerosponges are useful to scientists because sclerosponges long life span can give the scientists an idea
of what the ocean was like in the past almost like a fossil.
_________ Have lace like skeleton of fused silicous spicules
A: Glass sponges
__________ Sponges bore thin channels through clacium carbonate such as oyster or clams shells
A: Boring Sponges
Give one Example of a glass sponge
Venus Flower basket sponge
What's another word for sclerosponges?
Coralline Sponges
Lecture 1st half
The class _________ have six rayed spicules made up of silicon dioxide, or glass. (Hexactinellida)
______ sponges are sessile suspension feeders. (adult)
The classification of sponges are based on the type and chemical composition of its skeletal structure called
_______. (spicules)
Pharmaceutical companies are looking at sponges for their ability to fight cancer because sponges produce
________. (toxins)
What are the three main classes of sponges?
A: clacarea, Hexactinellida, demospongia
Sponges are made up if only _______
Answer: Cells
Spicules can be made of ___ or ______
Answer: CaCO3 or Glass
Class Calcarea have ____ spicules
Answer: CaCO3
Class Demospongia have simple ____ spicules
Answer: Glass
Sponges ____ feed
Answer: Filter
Sponges produce _____ which pharmaceutical companies want to use as _______________
Answer: Toxins, Anti-bacterial drugs
Lecture 2nd half
Sponges have the ability to grow back missing parts or tissue which is called?
Answer: Regeneration
Sponges are composed of four different types of cells:
Answer: pore cells, covering cells ( epidermis), amoeboid cells, and collar cells
Pore cells are cells that allow water to enter the sponge.
Epidermis is the outer skin of the sponge.
Amoeboid cells are cells that wander around, transport food to and from various sponge cells, produce eggs,
and make spicules.
Collar cells are cells that line the inside canals of the sponge.
Sponges use sexual and asexual reproduction.
No other animal phylum has collar cells.
No other phylum could be put in a blender and survive.
Their DNA provided the architectural foundation for all higher forms on animals.
Sponges are filter feeders.
Amoeboid cells can capture food directly, digest it, and/or pass it on to other cells.
Sponges excrete by simple diffusion (ie each cell dumps its waste directly into the water)
Respiration is done through simple diffusion that is oxygen goes directly from the water into every cell of the
sponge.
Answer: amoeboid cells
What is the ability to grow back missing parts of tissue called?
Answer: regeneration