國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
Multiple Choice:
Directions: Beneath each of the following questions are four lettered phrases or sentences marked
(a), (b), (c), and (d), but ONLY ONE best fits the answer. Please decide which one is the
CLOSEST CORRECT answer. Then, write down the corresponding letter of the answer you have
chosen on the answer sheet.
1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. Biomechanics is the application of mechanical principles in the study of any
mechanical system.
b. Kinesiology is the study of human movement.
c. Kinematics is the study of description of motion regardless of force
d. Anthropometry is the study related to the dimensions and weights of a body segment.
2. _____ are used to calculate the forces from the kinematics of a movement.
a. Forward dynamics
c. Kinematic dynamics
b. Inverse dynamics
d. Kinetic dynamics
3. Which of the following quantities is dimensionless?
a. moment of inertia
b. stiffness
c. strain
d. momentum
4. Which is NOT expressed using the SI unit?
a. m/s
b. kg/s2
c. ounce
d. newton
5. Given: (1) a baseball player is at the place of 15 m from the base of home plate (本壘)
and runs at a speed of 10 m/s and (2) and the catcher retrieves the ball 10 m from the
plate and runs back toward the home plate at a speed of 5 m/s. _____ will arrive at the
home plate first, by _____ seconds.
a. The base runner, 0.33
b. The catcher, 0.33
c. The base runner, 0.5
d. The catcher, 0.5
6. A narometer (nm, 奈米) is equal to _____ micrometer (m).
a. 106
c. 10-6
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b. 103
d. 10-3
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
7. Which of the following motions is a translatory motion?
a. inferior glide of the metatarsophalangeal joint
b. flexion of the elbow joint
c. a ball thrown by a baseball pitcher (投手)
d. abduction of the shoulder joint
8.Which of the following statements about the difference between Cybex and Kin-Com
machines is TRUE?
a. Cybex machine measures the isokinetic strength while Kin-Com machine measures
the isoinertial strength.
b. Cybex machine measures the joint torque acting on the dynamometer while Kin-Com
machine measures the force acting on the load cells.
c. Cybex machine measures eccentric muscle strength while Kin-Com machine
measures the concentric muscle strength.
d. Cybex machine measures muscle strength using a velocity spectrum protocol while
Kin-Com machine measures muscle strength using an acceleration spectrum
protocol.
9. The bone exhibits different mechanical properties when loaded in different directions.
This phenomenon is so-called _____.
a. hysteresis phenomenon
b. creep phenomenon
c. load relaxation phenomenon
d. anisotropic phenomenon
10. A bone hypertrophy indicates increase in bone mass resulting from mechanical
demands. Which of the following factors would contribute hypertrophy of the femur?
a. frequently maximum contraction of the quadriceps for 4 months
b. immobilization of the knee joint for 4 months
c. weight lifting for 4 months
d. running everyday for 4 months
11. There are three types of lever in the world. The _____ is more common in the body.
a. first-class lever
b. second-class lever
c. third-class lever
d. It is hard to say which
12. The work can be represented as the area under _____ curves.
a. force against time
b. force against velocity
c. force against displacement
d. force against harmonics
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
13. Which of the following statements about degenerative changes of the cortical bone is
NOT TRUE?
a. The degenerative bone can only withstand half of the strain of the young bone.
b. The degenerative bone can only withstand half of the stress of the young bone.
c. The degenerative bone stores less energy to failure.
d. The degenerative bone shows a decrease in the diameter and thickness of the cortex.
14. A nail (骨釘) provides more support than a plate with screws when they are used for
fixation of bone fracture. During the early stage of the healing process of the fractured
site, callus formation would be expected _____ if other conditions are the same.
a. more at the one with nail fixation
b. more at the one with plate fixation with screws
c. no difference in both
d. more at either one
15. The creep phenomenon of a ligament indicates that _____.
a. the deformation increases quickly at first as the amount of the load remains constant
over a period of time
b. the load decreases as time increases if the deformation keeps the same
c. the energy absorbed by the tendon on a loading and unloading cycle.
d. the ultimate tensile strength of a ligament on the stress-strain curve
16. Which of the following situations is NOT the effect of physical training on a skeletal
muscle?
a. increase in the number of muscle fibers
b. increase in the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers
c. increase in the length of sacromere
d. changes in the proportion of types of muscle fibers
17. According to Hill’s model, _____ strength decreases as the velocity of muscle
contraction increases.
a. eccentric
b. isometric
c. concentric
d. isokinetic
18. Muscle contraction is an action of active shortening of the _____.
a. myosin
b. actin
c. crossbridge
d. sacromere
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
19. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE as the mechanical properties of the
ligament is compared to that of the tendon?
a. Both the ligament and tendon are able to be stretched in its longitudinal direction as
the force is low.
b. Both the ligament and tendon are able to be stretched as the adjacent muscles
contract.
c. Both the ligament and tendon are able to be bent in its transverse direction.
d. The mechanical properties of both the ligament and tendon are rate dependent.
20. When the arm is raised from the independent arm position to the horizontal as fast as
possible, we recorded the whole arm motion using video camera at the sampling rate of
30, 60, and 120 Hz.
a. 30 Hz
b. 60 Hz
Which one would get more accurate?
c. 120 Hz
d. none of them are accurate and 600 Hz is suggested
21. Same motion as Question #20. We obtained that the velocity of that arm is 2.0 m/s at
the 13rd sampling point, 3.0 m/s at the 14th sampling point, and 3.5 m/s at the 15th
sampling point. The averaged acceleration from the 13rd to the 15th sampling point is
_____.
a. (3.5-2.0) / (1/60) = 60 m/s2
c. (3.5-2.0) / 2(1/60) = 45 m/s2
b. (3.5+2.0) / (1/60) = 330 m/s2
d. (3.5+2.0) / 2(1/60)= 165 m/s2
22. Same motion as the Question #21, according to the finite difference technique, the rate
of change (acceleration) at the 14th sampling point is _____.
a. 3.0 / (1/60) = 180 m/s2
b. (3.0-2.0) / (1/60) = 60 m/s2
c. (3.5-2.0) / 2(1/60) = 45 m/s2
d. (3.5+2.0) / 2(1/60) =165 m/s2
23. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE?
a. The sampling theorem states that the signal must be sampled at a frequency at least
twice as high as the highest frequency present in the signal itself.
b. Most of the biosignals from daily human movement are contained in the lower 12-14
harmonics.
c. For smoothing the signals from any human daily movements, a high-pass filter is an
important tool to reduce aliasing errors.
d. The Nyquist frequency to record daily human movements is approximately 24-28 Hz.
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
24. When a person holds a ball in his hand with the elbow flexed at 90, the mechanical
advantage of this lever is _____.
a. <0.5
b. 0.5-1
c. 1-10
d. >10
25. The moment of inertia increases as more body segments _____ the longitudinal axis of
rotation when an individual rotates free in the air.
a. move toward
b. move away from
c. keep in line with
d. decrease
26. A ballet dancer rotates his body in the air with his arm by sides
at a certain rotational velocity () and the moment of inertia is
equal to I. If he wants to reduce his rotational velocity by half
(/2), what should he do?
a. to flex his hips up
c. to bend his knees
b. to lift his arms out
d. to put his hand on the head
27. A baseball with 0.1 kg in weight was thrown at a speed of 24
km/s towards the striker. After the ball is hit by the striker, its
speed changes into 36 km/s at the angle of 60 from its original
direction (x axis). Assume the ball-and-bat contact time is
0.01s, the impact at the x-axis on the ball at the moment of
being hit is approximately _____.
a. 60N
b. 89 N
c. 245 N
d. 420 N
36km/s
60 deg
24km/s
28. _____ consist of electrically conducting plates that lie parallel to each other, separated
by a distance that is small compared to the linear dimensions of the plates.
a. Force platform
b. Capacitor sensors
c. Piezoelectric sensors
d. Strain gauzes
29. Concerning with harmonic analysis, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a. It assumes that any biosignal can be expressed as the sum of proper amplitude of a
number of sine and cosine wave.
b. It transforms the signal from the frequency domain to the time domain.
c. The harmonics indicates the fundamental frequency at the frequency domain
d. The weighed coefficients adjust the amplitude of each harmonics.
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Apr 26, 2003
國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
30. What effect does the shear component of a muscle force exert on a body segment?
a. compression
c. co-contraction
b. rotation
d. torsion
31. In the expression of Mo = 0 during static analysis, the abbreviation M refers to _____.
a. moment of inertia
b. moment of the force
c. moment arm
d. momentum
32. If vector A1 is perpendicular to vector A2, then vector A1 and vector A2 are defined as
the orthogonal components. A vector in a 3D space can be decomposed into _____
pairs of orthogonal components.
a. 1
c. 10
b. 3
d. infinite
33. The superficial zone of an articular cartilage is structured to resist _____ stress and the
orientation of the collage fibers is _____ to the articular surface.
a. shear, parallel
b. shear, perpendicular
c. compressive, parallel
d. compressive, perpendicular
34. The deep zone of an articular cartilage is structured to resist _____ stress and the
orientation of the collage fibers is _____ to the articular surface.
a. shear, parallel
c. compressive, parallel
b. shear, perpendicular
d. compressive, perpendicular
35. By Comparing the morphology and functions of fascia with those of tendon, which of
the following statements is TRUE? [chaffin 1989,p19]
a. Tendon is dense a connective tissue whereas fascia is a loose connective tissue.
b. Tendon is composed of Type I collagen fibers whereas ligament is composed of Type
II collagen fibers.
c. The cells in tendon are fibroblasts whereas that in fascia are chondrocytes.
d. The collagen fibers are organized in parallel bindles in tendon whereas there are
some nonparallel fibers in fascia.
36. The ultimate strain of the collagen fibers is approximately _____.
a. 6-8%
b. 37-39%
c. 50-55%
d. >70%
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Apr 26, 2003
國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
37. Assume that an individual walks north for 30 meters and then east for 40 meters, the
amplitude of displacement is _____ meters while the traveling distance is _____ meters.
a. 50, 50
b. 50, 70
c. 70, 50
d. 70, 70
38. Consider that a skier who is falling forward, subjecting the tibia to a forward bending
moment. High tensile stress is produced on the posterior aspect of the tibia, and high
compressive stress acts on the anterior aspect. Contraction of the _____ muscle can
protect the tibia from failure in tension.
a. gastrocnemius
b. tibialis anterior
c. quadricepts
d. tibialis posterior
39. On the stress–strain curve of the anterior cruciate ligament, a toe region is noted when
the load is applied. This toe region indicates that _____.
a. major failure of the ligament takes place
b. the ligament starts to have plastic behavior
c. the deformation of the ligament is irreversible (不可逆)
d. the wavy collagen fibers are straightened out
40. Tendons remodel in response to the mechanical demands placed on them.
the following tendons may possibly have LESS tensile strength?
Which of
a. a tendon attached to a muscle with larger cross-section area as compared to that
attached to a muscle with smaller cross-section area
b. the tendon of a rat at the end of pregnancy as compared to that of the normal healthy rat
c. the Achilles tendon in a jogger (慢跑者) as compared to that in a sedentary person (不
愛運動者)
d. a tendon with NSAID injection as compared to that with steroid injection
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Apr 26, 2003
國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
姓名:
學號:
得分:
A卷
請注意題號不要弄錯
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Apr 26, 2003
國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
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Apr 26, 2003