Review of Interactions among evolutionary forces, Maintenance of Variation,
Selection on multi-gene traits and the Limits to selection.
1. When can mutations counteract the effects of selection?
2. When is genetic drift the most able to counteract selection?
3. In what two ways can gene flow affect a population? Give an example of gene
flow opposing selection.
4. What is frequency-dependent selection?
5. Explain the difference between positive and negative frequency-dependent
selection.
6. Define oscillating selection.
7. What does the fitness of a phenotype depend on in frequency-dependent
selection? In oscillating selection?
8. What is heterozygote advantage?
9. Give an example of heterozygote advantage. What does it do to each allele in the
population?
10. What is disruptive selection? What is favored and what can it lead to?
11. What is directional selection? What results?
12. What is stabilizing selection? What results?
13. Explain pleiotropy and its effects on selection.
14. Explain epistasis and its effects on selection.
15. Why does evolution require genetic variation?