Chapter 20-23 Study Guide
Terms
natural selection
disruptive selection
gene flow
directional selection
postzygotic isolating
mechanisms
assortative mating
stabilizing selection
punctuated equilbrium
disassortative mating
homologous structures
gradualism
genetic drift
analogous structures
derived characteristic
bottleneck effect
convergent evolution
ancestral characteristic
founder effect
sympatric speciation
principle of parsimony
artificial selection
allopatric speciation
relative fitness
biological species concept
most recent common
ancestor
frequency-dependent
selection
phylogenetic species concept
heterozygote advantage
prezygotic isolating
mechanisms
oscillating selection
reproductive isolation
monophyletic group
paraphyletic group
polyphyletic group

Compare and contrast Darwin’s and Lamarck’s explanations for the mechanism of adaptive
evolution.

What are the five conditions necessary for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Be able to apply the Hardy-Weinberg principle.

Explain the five agents of evolutionary change.

What conditions must be met for evolution by natural selection to occur?

How can gene flow interfere with natural selection?

Give examples of both positive and negative frequency-dependent selection.

Explain why the recessive allele for sickle cell anemia is maintained at relatively high rates in central
African populations.

How can pleiotropy and epistasis limit natural selection?

Explain the various pre- and postzygotic isolating mechanisms

Discuss the differences between the biological species concept and the phylogenetic species
concept.

Discuss mechanisms for sympatric speciation.

Be able to read a cladogram