TURKMEN - ENGLISH
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TURKMEN - ENGLISH DICTIONARY a SPA project of Peace Corps Turkmenistan Contributing Editors: Jonathan Garrett Greg Lastowka Akgul Muhammetmuradova Jahan Myradova Kimberly Naahielua Meena Pallipamu Muhammed Rustamov Meretgul Sharipova Aynabat Yaylymova © 1996 Garret, Lastowka, Naahielua, Pallipamu Introduction ii Introduction This dictionary is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive Turkmen/English dictionary to be printed. It consists of over 10,000 words and definitions and is intended as a general-purpose dictionary. This dictionary was conceptualized, researched, and written as a secondary project of Peace Corps volunteers living in Turkmenistan, aided by Peace Corps staff and local counterparts. Its first printing was funded by a Small Project Assistance grant from the United States Goverment through Peace Corps Turkmenistan. We hope that it will aid in communication and mutual understanding between the people of our two countries. Please direct any comments, corrections, or ommissions to Turkmen Dictionary Project, c/o Peace Corps Turkmenistan, P.O. Box 258, Krugozor, Central Post Office, Ashgabat 744000. Introduction iii Acknowledgements This dictionary was a cooperative effort. We would like to extend our thanks to: Ainabat Yaylymova for her enthusiasm and dedication to the project; Muhamet Rustamov of Bairam Ali for his expertise and assistance in translating obscure phrases and usages; Mehri Karkulova and Zuhre of the Peace Corp Staff in Ashgabat for their proofreading and general assistance; Berdi and Gulya Orazahatov of Bairam Ali for their encouragement and support; Sofia Esenovna Bagirova of Buzmein for her encouragement; and special thanks to Atgul Muhammetmuradova for her assistance throughout the project. The authors also wish to acknowledge the contribution of V. Mesgudov, whose Turkmen/Russian Student's Dictionary was an important resource. Above all, the authors would like to thank our Turkmen friends, families, and co-workers, who taught us their language and made this book possible. Jonathan Garrett Greg Lastowka Kimberly Naahielua Meena Pallipamu Ashgabat, September 1996 Introduction iv Abbreviations adj. adv. anat. bot. col. fig. geol. geom. gram. i.e. mat. med. mil. n. poet. r. adjective adverb anatomical botanical colloquial figurative use geological geometrical grammatical for example mathematical medical military noun, or noun-adjective poetic language denotes that the word in question is either exists in the Russian language, or is derived from a word that exists in the Russian language. verb zoological v. zool. Notes on Method Every attempt was made to find the most reasonable and accurate translation for all words. In cases where a single Turkmen word has no single equivalent in English, multiple possible translations are separated by a comma, i.e.: çekisme discussion, debate When a word has various meaning in Turkmen, the multiple meanings are separated by numbers, i.e.: gujak 1. embrace 2. armfull When a two completely different words are spelled alike, their different meanings are separated by Roman numerals, i.e.: saz I. music, musical II. accurate, intact Introduction v Where two words are spelled alike, but differentiated by a long vowel (see Appendix), they are listed as above, with the long vowel indicated by the vowel letter in brackets, i.e.: at I. horse II.[a:] 1. name 2. vowel Occasional examples of usage are given to help readers understand the word in context, or understand how the word is used in an idiomatic way. In this case, the illustrated word is followed by a colon, which is followed by the example, i.e.: dek like, as: Bu burç dek ajy = This is hot as a pepper In most cases, part of speech is obvious and ommitted in the interest of conserving space. However, when the part of speech is would otherwise be ambiguous, it is indicated. When single-word translations are impossible, or clarification of usage is necessary, editorial text is written in italics. or two word comments, parentheses are used. For short one Introduction vi Printer's Note At the time of this printing, a complete computer-based font of the new Turkmen alphabet characters was not available to the general public. As a result, three characters have been substituted with close equivalents. These characters are as follows: Official Character Substitute Character ¥ / ÿ £ / £ ? / ? Turkmen/English Dictionary 1 A abadanylyk well-being abadanlaºdyrmak to make well abadanlaºmak to be made well abanmak to lean over abat intact abatlyk intactness abraØ reputation abuna subscription abunay subscriber abzal tool abzallar instruments abzallaºdyrmak to make a tool a gšz greedy a open a-aan freely, frankly : A-aan aØtsana = Please speak frankly aar key agšzlylyk greed, fighting by greedy people amak to open ayk adj. open aylyº opening ada island adaglamak to betrothe adagly betrothed adalat fairness adalatly fair, just adalatlylyk justice adalatsyzlyk injustice adalga term, title adam person, man adamkŠrilik philanthropy adamzat humanity adata normal, okay adatlanmak to adapt adaty usual admiral r. admiral adres r. address adykmak to acquire adyl lavish, wealthy ady–daky named after affiks r. affix afiºa r. poster afrikaly African aga 1. older brother 2. (Balkan dialect) uncle agajet withered, wrinkled agaran 1. creamy froth of al 2. foam, froth 3. lightened, whipped up agdar-du–der etmek to turn upside-down agdarmak to overturn, push over agdyk overmuch agdyklyk predominance aglaba often, the greater part aglamak to cry, weep agralmak 1. to grow heavy, weighten 2. to advance in pregnancy agram weight agramly heavy agsak lame agsamak to limp agºamky adj. evening agºamlyk nahar dinner agtarmak to search, to look for agtaryº search, quest agtyk grandchild agy weeping, crying agyl pen, enclosure agyr heavy agyrlyk weight agyrmak to hurt agyrtmak to hurt, cause pain agyry 1. ill 2. troubles agyz beklemek to fast agyz mouth agyzzyryk horse's bit agza member agzala disjointed agzamak 1. to mention someone else 2. to give voice to agzybir friendly agzybirlik friendship ah darn! aha aha! ahlak moral (of a story) ahmyr etmek to regret, lament ahmyr regret, lament ahwalet adverb ahyr 1. trough 2. end, exit ahyrky last, final ahyryn last, final ajal death ajamak 1. to be spoiled 2. to be fermented ajatmak 1. to spoil 2. to ferment ajaØyp wonderful, beautiful ajdarha dragon ajšze on an empty stomach ajy spicy, peppery, hot ajyga ajyga, a spicy Turkmen salad or sauce made from potatoes, garlic, peppers, and onions ajykmak to be hungry, hunger ak white akaba flowing akar stream, flow akdyrmak to release, let flow water or any other liquid akgšwŸnli honest, openhearted aklamak to whiten, whitewash aklawy lawyer akmak 1. foolish, stupid 2. to flow akmaklyk stupidity akrobat r. acrobat aktiw r. active aktØor r. actor akØuzli pale akyl mind akyldar intellectual akylly smart, clever akylsyz stupid akylsyzlyk stupidity akym stream, flow akytmak to pour al pink ala multi-colored (2 colors) alabahar early spring alabeder multi-colored (3 or more colors) ala exit, escape alasyz inescapable alasyzlyk inevitability, unavoidability alada cares, troubles alada etmek to care for, go to trouble over aladalanmak to care for, go to trouble over aladaly troubled, preoccupied aladandan in the pre-dawn alahekik magpie alahuberen alahuberen, a species of white and gray snake alaja talisman of camel hair alajy purchaser, customer Turkmen/English Dictionary 2 alaka rat alamat mark, sign, signifier alamatlandyrmak to signify ala– hill alarmak to dazzle alarylmak to stare threateningly, to glare angrily alasarmyk cloudy, uncertain alaØaz early spring: ol alaØaz Øaly boldy = he came out of his bad mood alak friendly, sociable aldamak to lie aldanmak to deceive oneself aldaw deception, lie aldawy liar, rascal, faker aldygyna to the best of (my, its, his) ability : Men buni aldyguna etdim = I tried my best to do this aldym-berdimli hardfought, give-and-take algy debt aljyramak to be insecure aljyra––y insecure, uncertain, afraid to act aljyratmak to make someone/something a nervous wreck alkym chin allanŠme wonderful alma 1. apple 2. (as a command) Don't take it! almak to take al–asamak to hurry, make haste al–asan hurried al–asatmak to hasten altmyº sixty alty six altyn gold aluw-satuw commerce alyjy buyer alym scientist alymlyk science (degree) alyn forehead, way, lead alyndaky fore alynda–y head scarf alyp gelmek to come taking, to bring alys far alysda distant alyº-alyº exchange alyºmak to exchange amal action aman 1. health, safety, wholeness 2. safe amanat unknown property amatly comfortable, handy amatsyz uncomfortable angyz spicy plant anna friday anonom anonymous ant oath anyk obvious anyklamak to make clear anyklyk clarity a– mind, thought a–-bilim education, knowledge a–-dŸºŸnje prospect, vista a–almak to wonder a–karmak to look over a–kaw stinker a–kawmak to emit an unpleasing odor a–latma expression, formula a–latmak to express, signify a–ly sober a–mak to feel, understand a–ry opposite a–sat easy a–syrmak to understand a–zak frost ap-ak whitest apbasy two-sided ar almak to take revenge ar revenge ar-namys integrity ara interval, middle araba cart (animal driven) arabaglanºyk tie, connection araŠk border araŠkdeº bordering aray intermediary arada recently aradan ykmak to die aradan since then aragatnaºyk tie, connection arak vodka arakesme recess, break. time-out aralamak to take apart aralaºmak to attack aralyk 1. distance, interval 2. middle-sized aram moderately aram-aram sometimes, now and then arassa clean arassalamak 1. to clean 2. to peel ardynjyramak to cough up arga woof, weft (carpetmaking term) argyn tired argynlyk weariness arheolog r. archeology, archeologist arheologik r. archeological arhitektura r. architecture arhiw r. archive arka back (physical) arkadaØŠn brace, support arkalanmak to hope arkalaºmak to give a hand to, assist arkalaºyk mutual aid arkalaºyk support arkaly supported, helped by arkan prone arkaØyn bolmak to count on arkaØyn safe arkaØynlamak to quiet, to make still arman impossible fantasy armyt pear arpa barley arryk skinny arryklamak to get skinny arslan lion artdyrma increase, multiply artilleriØa r. artillery artist r. artist, actor artmak 1. to increase 2. to peel artyk extra artykma 1. extra 2. very: artykma gyz = very good girl ary bee arza declaration arzan inexpensive arzuw dream, wish arzuw etmek to wish arzuwlamak to wish as lizard asfalt r. asphalt asgy hanging peg asgyn weak asgynlamak to weaken asgynlyk weakness asgyrmak to sneeze aslynda generally asmak to hang up asman air, sky aspirant r. graduate student assa gently Turkmen/English Dictionary 3 assistent r. assistant assyryn secret assyrynlyk secretiveness ast bottom, below astronom r. astronomer astronomiØa r. astronomy asuda peaceful asudalyk peace asyl tribe, kin : sizi– asly–iz kim? = Who are your kin? asylly noble asylmak to hang asylyp durmak tohang, be hanging asyr century aº food aºa too much aºak below : aØagy– aºagynda bolmak = to be underfoot aºaklamak to lower aºaky beggar, low-life aºgar lye aºgazan stomach aºmak to cross : Kšeden aºdym = I crossed the street aºpez cook aºyk sheep knee-bones (used in a children's game like dice) aºyr somersault aºyrmak to get across at 1. horse 2. [a:] first name 3. [a:] noun 4. (as a command) shoot! at calysma pronoun at capysyk horse race at Øatak stable at-abraØ authority, reputation ata grandfather ata-baba forefather ata-ene parents atagzy 1. mouthful, bite 2. pliers atanak cross atanaklaØyn upon the cross atarmak to get started (about cooking) atdaº namesake atgulak 1. wedding gifts 2. a kind of grass atlandyrmak to name, call atlaØyn 1. [a:] namely 2. on top atlaz 1. r. atlas 2. r. satin atletika r. athletics atly 1. [a:] namely 2. [a:] topmost 3. [a:] famous 4. on horseback atmak 1. throw 2. put 3. shoot (a weapon) 4. to add drink or food atmosfera r. atmosphere atom r. atom atØatak stall, booth atØuzli narrow atyjy shooter atym fingerful (about a tablespoon) atyr scent atyºmak to shoot down atyz garden bed auditoriØa r. auditiorium aut out (as used in sports) aw hunt awamak to hunt awatmak to hunt (something) awy hunter awlamak to hunt awuºamak to hunt (something) awy poison aØ 1. moon 2. month aØa palm aØagu geo. foot, bottom aØak leg, end aØaky mosquito (lit. "legger") aØakgap footwear aØakgap shoe aØaklamak to finish aØakly leggy, fast aØakØala–a barefoot aØal wife, woman aØamak to take care of aØan obvious aØat memorial ceremony aØawly cautious aØaz frost aØba-aØ every month aØbogdaº "Indian style" : AØbogdaºy–y gurup otyrØarys = We're sitting "Indian style" aØdylmak to pronounce : By sšz nŠhile aØdilØar? = How do you pronounce this word? aØdylyº pronunciation aØdym song aØdymi singer aØdy– 1. moonlit, moon (adj.) 2. obvious aØdy–laºdyrmak to make clear, explain aØgyr stallion aØgyt determination aØgytly determined aØlag 1. circle 2. gulf aØlamak to turn, reflect aØlanjyramak to stroll, saunter aØlanma rotation aØlanmak 1. to go around, turn aØla–-saØla– a little stroll aØlar seasons aØlaw 1. circle 2. racetrack aØlawly circular, curvy, winding aØlyk 1. salary 2. monthly aØmana fence aØna window, glass, mirror aØnadan reflective aØnalamak to make glassy aØra singular, unique aØralyk loneliness, separation aØratyn specific, particular aØratynlyk specificity aØry different aØrylmak 1. to get out 2. to complete 3. to die aØy bear (animal) aØyl-saØyl obvious aØylgan fright, horror aØyp worthy of blame aØypgy accusative (gram.) aØyplamak to blame aØyrmak to complete az little, few az-azdan little by little az-oblak a little bit aza ill azalmak to lessen azap torment, torture azar bermek to give trouble, pain azar trouble, pain azaºmak to get lost azat free azatlyk freedom azgyrylmak to holler azmak to get spoiled azot r. nitrogen azyk food Turkmen/English Dictionary 4 B baba grandfather babatda on the part of babatdan from that, that's why bada initially bada-bat immediately badamjan eggplant badyna immediately bag 1. tree 2. lace, shoelace bagaj r. baggage bagana sheep skin bagjyk lace baglamak to join, connect baglanyºyk joint, unison baglanyºykly united baglaØjy united, joined bagly bolmak to depend on bagly dependent bagºy singer bagt luck bagtly happy (with luck) bagyr liver bagyr-šØken lungs bagyº devoted bagyºlamak 1. to forgive 2. to dedicate, devote baha mark, grade, price bahana excuse bahanlamak to find an excuse for bahar spring bahyl envious bahyllyk envy bahym soon (dialect of basym) baja wife's brother bajak cousin bajy husband's sister (rarely used) bajyp significant, important bak tank, vessel baka straight toward: Ol ma–a baka ØšrŠr gelØŠrdi = she came straight to me bakaleØa r. grocery store, groceries bakaly well, c'mon : AØt bakaly = well, tell me already bakja melonfield bakmak to graze animals bakteria r. bacteria baky eternal bakyna colonial bakyº glance : ogryn bakyº = a furtive (stolen) glance bal honey bala baby balak pants baly bee-keeper baldak stable baldyz younger sister-in-law balet r. ballet balkon r. balcony balkyldamak to glisten, glitter ballistik r. ballistic balyk fish banderol r. package bank bank banka r. jar bap chapter bar to exist : Seni– kellŠ– barmy? = Are you thinking? (Do you have your head?) barabar equal, equally barada about bardaºly healthy bardy-geldi if something comes up : Bardy-geldi siz gerek bolsany–iz... = If it happens you need something... barha all barlag check-up barlag iº quiz barlagy examiner barlamak to check, examine barly rich in possessions, abundant barlyk being barlyºyk coming, meeting, gathering barmak 1. finger, toe 2. to go barrikada r. baracade bars r. snow leopard barØer r. barrier bary all, everyone, everything, entire: Bary ºumy? = Is this all? bary-Øogy all in all baryp again basgalamak to trample basganak step(s) basmak to press basseØn r. pool bassyrma awning basybalyjy agressor basylmak to lose, be defeated basym soon basyrganmak to rant and rave basyrmak to close, cover basyº pressure baº 1. head 2. [a:] boil, abscess baº egme worship baº egmek to worship baº tutan boss, chief baºa-baº one on one baºagaØ 1. vain 2. busy baºagaØlyk vanity baºarjan efficient baºarmak to be able to baºarnykly able, capable baºarnyklyk ability baºaºak the very height, the tippy-top baºda in the beginning baºdan from the very start baºdan-aØak from head to toes baºga other baºga zat other things baºgaa 1. differently 2. otherwise baºlamak to begin baºlangy primary beginning baºly-barat orderliness baºlyk boss, hetman bat span batalion r. battallion batareØa r. battery batga 1. slime, mud 2. swamp batlandyrmak to stretch, extend batmak to sink, fall batnyksyz meaningless, silly batyr courageous, bold batyrlyk courage, boldness baØ rich baØ-bow good golly! sheesh! baØan enriched, become rich baØanmak to become rich baØdak flag baØguº owl baØlaºdyrmak to enrich baØlyk wealth baØrak prize, reward baØram festival Turkmen/English Dictionary 5 baØry old, great baØrynmak to rely, be protected, be supported baØtal mare baØyr hill baza r. base, foundation bazar bazaar be wow! oh! gosh! bede hay beden body beden terbiØe physical training bedenterbie gym, exercise bedre pail bedroØ ugly begen joy begendirmek to gladden begeØik gusset begres coat bejergi 1. treatment 2. design, pattern bejermek to treat, repair bekemek to harden, strengthen beklemek to block, seal off bela disaster belent big, tall, majestic belentlik height belet acquainted beletilik acquaintance belgi sign belgilemek to signify, make or place a sign belka squirrel belke a noodle dish belki apparent bellenme nomination bellenmek to nominate, make known belli well-known bellik sign bent dam, dyke bentlemek to dam up benzin r. gasoline berbat destroyed, destruction ber tumor berikmek to satiate berin rivet berekella clever, "way-togo" bereket abundance bereketli abundant berentak some bergi debt bergidar debtor berhizli on a diet berjaØ fulfilment : Men buØrugy berjaØ etdim = I fulfilled the order berk firm, strong berkitme reinforced, reinforcement berkitmek to fortify berklik firmness, strength berØoza r. birch bes enough beslemek to decorate bet bad betbagt bad luck betbagtlyk accident, misfortune beter worse beterlemek to worsen : Ùel beterleØŠrdi = The wind got worse betgelºik ugly betlik badness, mischief betnebis greedy betnebislik greed betniet malevolent, plotting betnysan ugly beton r. concrete betpŠl malevolent, plotting beØan etmek to describe, retell, relate beØan tale beØanama tale beØemi manager beØemilik etmek to manage beØgelmek to grow taller beØhuº unconscious beØi quince beØik great, grand beØikli-pesli high and low, one and all beØiklik height beØle 1. so, such : BeØle zady nireden aldy–? = Where did you get such a thing? 2. that side beØleki the other, a different beØlŠk there : Ol beØlŠk gitdi = He went there beØni brain bezeg decoration bezemek to decorate bezemen well-dressed bezmek same as bezikmek bezzat little rascal bŠ golly, wow bŠbek baby bŠgŸl rose bŠhbit advantage, gain, profit bŠlik merry bŠliremek to make merry bŠlireºmek to joke around bŠri 1. here 2. since, this side of bŠrik here : BŠrik geli– = Come here bŠsdeº rival bŠsleºik rivalry bŠº five : BŠº barmagymy– Øaly bilØŠrin = I know it like my five fingers bŠºlik 1. "A" student 2. n. five, fiver biabraØ shameful biabraØlyk shame: Gšr, nŠhile biabraØlyk! = What a shame! biagyry careless, carefree biala willy-nilly, involuntarily: Biz biala razylaºdyk = We agreed against our will biak very, extremely : Sizde biak uly piºik bar = You have an extremely big cat biim cut, fashion biimi tailor bimek to cut, tailor biderek 1. useless, worthless 2. dangerous bidin without permission bidŸzgŸn undisciplined biedep discourteous biedeplik discourtesy bigaØrat incapable bigŸnŠ innocent bigŸnŠlik innocence bihabar misinformed bihepbe a do-nothing, lazybones bijaØ 1. uncomfortable bije lot, fate, fortune : Bijeli oglan aglamaz Å Accept your fate bikanun lawless bikŠr idle bil waist bilagyry rheumatism bilbag belt bilbil nightingale bildiriº announcement Turkmen/English Dictionary 6 bildirmek to make known, to report upon bile together bilek fore-arm bileleºik association bilelikde together bilen with : ‚aØy gant bilen i! = Drink the tea with sugar! bilesigeliji curious, prying bilesigelijilik curiousity bilet r. ticket bilezik bracelet bilgeºleØin on purpose bilguºak sash, girdle, belt bilim education, knowledge bilimli educated, knowledgeable bilmek to know, to be able : Men ØŸzŸp bilmeØŠrin = I can't swim bilmezden unknown bilmezlik unknowing bimamla wrong : Sen bimamla = You're wrong. bimaza sleepless bina building binamys shameless bintlemek to screw in binØŠt? eternally joined (?) biografiØa r. biography biologiØa r. biology biparh indifferent, careless biperwaØ indifferent biperwaØlyk indifference bir bar eken, bir Øok eken traditional story opening, like our "Once upon a time... "(lit. One says it was, one says it wasn't) bir menzes identical bir one, a biraz a little birazajyk a little bit birbada from the beginning birak long ago birden suddenly birdenka all of a sudden birehim heartless, worthless birek-biregi each other birhili 1. strange, somewhat 2. monotonous, boring biri one of : kitaby– biri = one of the books birigŸn day after tomorrow birikmek to unite birin-birin from start to finish birinji first biri–ilik priority birkemsiz irreproachable birleºdirmek to unite birleºen united birleºik union birleºmek to be united : €hli Øurtlary– proletary birleºi–! = Workers of the world, unite! birlik 1. unit 2. oneness 3. only birlikde together, as one birmahal a long time ago birme–zeº identical birnŠe some birsydyrgyn consecutive, uniformly distributed birsyhly continuous : ‚agajyk birsyhly aglardy = The kid was crying constantly birtaraplaØyn one-sided birwagt a long time ago, once birØyllyk adj. one-year bisarpa thriftless, uneconomical biº-duº meal biºirmek to cook, prepare a dish : meni– ejem šrek biºirdi = my mother made bread (šrek) biºmek to be cooked bitarap neutral bitaraplyk neutrality bitaØ pairless, odd: bitaØ jorap = odd sock bitewi sole bitin whole, entire bitirmek to fill up bitmek to become full, to be fulfilled: Onu– islegi bitdi = His desires were fulfilled biwagt at the wrong time biwepa faithless, untrue biwepalyk faithlessness biygtyØar involuntary biynjalyk uneasy biz 1. we 2. awl bizar bolmak to get sick of, grow tired of: Sizi– gŸrrŸ– leri–izden men bezigipdirin = I've grown tired of your talk blank r. form bloknot r. notepad bogaldak mast bogaz 1. inlet 2. throat bogmak to tie, bind bognamak to saw: Agajy bognadym = I sawed wood bogulmak to suffocate bogun syllable bok feces boks r. boxing boksy boxer bokyrdak throat bol 1. full of, rich with : By derØada balyk bol = This river is full of fish 2. Command form of bolmak, often used with animals : Bol! = Stay! bolelenlik sufficient bolgusyz meaningless, absurd, ridiculous bolmak to be, happen bolmasa if not, or else : Gowy oka, bolmasa instituta girip bilmersi– = Study well, or else you won't enter the institute. bolulyk abundant boluº 1. behaviour 2. victory bolØar okay, good bomba r. bomb bombalamak to bomb boran snowstorm bor duty borlanmak to take a duty upon oneself borona r. harrow (in a field) borº r. borscht (soup) bort r. beehive bosaga threshold : bosagadan Štlemek = to cross a threshold bosmak to flee boº free, empty, unused boºatmak to empty, unload boºluk emptiness botanika r. botanical botlamak to birth, to calve boØ height boØag paint boØamak to paint boØdan-baºa from start to finish boØdaº 1. girlfriend 2. person of the same height Turkmen/English Dictionary 7 boØun almak to admit, confess boØun neck boØuna on, along, according to : Plan boØuna iºledik = We worked according to the plan boz fallow, untilled : boz erler = virgin lands bozgak trouble-maker bozgaklyk trouble, sedition bozgu eraser bozmak 1. to erase 2. to ruin bozulan out of tune, out of whack bozylmak to be ruined bškdemek to obstruct bškden obstruction bškmek to bounce, jump bšlek part bšlek-bšlek to pieces : Kagyzy bšlek-bšlek etdim = I tore the paper to pieces bšlekleyin partial bšlmek to divide, to part bšlŸm section bšlŸºmek to get done bšrek pilmeni bšri wolf, wolfish bšrŸk skull cap bšwet dam bšwrek kidney bšwºe– spacious bšwŸr side, flank : Meni– sag bšwrŸm agyrØar = My right side hurts bšwŸrslen blackberry bšwŸsmek to penetrate, break through bu this bug steam bugarmak to evaporate bugdaØ renk dark in complexion bugdaØ wheat bugdaØ wheat buhgalter r. bookkeeper bukdaklamak to creep, to sneak bukja bag, envelope bukmak to conceal, hide away : Ol otlyšpi agalardan bukØar = She hides the matches from the kids bukullym hide and seek (game) buky shelter, cover bulak spring, tap bulam-bujar confusion bulamak to mix, stir bulanmak 1. to be mixed, stirred 2. to feel nauseous, vomitous bulaºdyrmak to mix up bulaºmak 1. to get dirty 2. to get tangled and confused bulaºyk entangled bulaØlamak to wave, brandish buldozer r. bulldozer bulduryn frost bulgur wine-glass bulukmak to increase bulut cloud burawlamak to drill, bore bur 1. angle, corner 2. pepper burjy frost burmak to twist, whirl burugy a puff burugsamak to puff, swirl, curl (of smoke) burun nose buºlamak to bring good tidings : Ol meni– oglumy– bolanyny buºlady = He brought me the news of my son's birth but hip, thigh buterbrod r. sandwich buthana church butnamak to move : Butnaman dur! = Stand still! buØrak curl, curly = buØrak saly Øigit = curly-haired lad buØruk command buØsan pride buØsanjan proud buØsanmak to be proud buØurmak to order, command buz ice bŸdremek to stumble on : Daºa bŸdredim = I tripped on a stone bŸkdŸrmek to pound, twist bŸkgŸldemek to throb, pound bŸkmek to bend bŸkŸlmek to be bent, to bend (oneself) bŸre 1. flea 2. fleabite bŸremek to cloud, obscure bŸrgŸt eagle bŸrjeºmek to be wrinkled bŸrkŸr hunched bŸrmek to wrinkle bŸrŸn 1. bronze 2. rice bŸtin whole, throughout bŸtindŸnØa universal bŸtinleØ completely bŸzmek to tighten, pull together bŸzŸlmek to be tightened bØujet r. budget bØuro r. bureau bygy saw bygylmak to saw bykyn side byzmyk pancake, crepe Turkmen/English Dictionary 8 ‚ abga downpour adyr tent aga 1. child 2. children's aga-uga children, kids agalar bagy kindergarden agaly with children agalyk 1. childhood 2. childness agarmak to call, invite agaryº invitation agsamak 1. to be destroyed 2. to be old agsyldamak to rustle agyl gravel agyrmak 1. to invite 2. to call 3. to summon ak 1. measure, degree, way 2. offer, proposal, suggestion 3. time 4. probability, likelihood ak etmek to guess akdanaºa excessive akgan dextrous, adroit, deft akganlyk adroitness, dexterity akgy pen-knife aklamak to suppose, assume akmak 1. to sting or bite 2. to chirp aknyºmak 1. to strike, knock 2. to collide, run into aknyºyk collision, crash aksyz immeasurable, immense akylyk invitation akyr alcohol akyºmak to collide, run into, come across akyza sick; having a headache al I. camel's milk II. gray, dull in color ala 1. hardly, scarcely; only a little 2. incidentally, in passing 3. slowly alaja a little alajan half-dead alam-aº scattered alarmak to turn gray alasowat uneducated, ignorant alasowatlyk ignorance alasyn quick, agile alasynlyk quickness, agility algy machete algyrt with an accent almak 1. to smear, rub, spread 2. to play a musical instrument 3. to grind; sharpen 4. to strike, knock, hit alpaw puddle, pool alºyk exchange, interchange alºyrgy shift (of work) alºyrmak 1. to exchange; barter 2. to confuse, mixup alºyrynmak to change one's clothes alt quickly, rapidly altlandyrmak to accelerate; speed altlyk quickness, swiftness, rapidity alykmak to dry up, wither alym etmek to resemble alyºma 1. exchange 2. pronoun alyºmak 1. to exchange; barter 2. to vary, alternate 3. to try for, strive for 4. to be replaced, relieved aman lazy, idle, sluggish anak 1. cup 2. kneecap anaklyk pelvis a– dust a–amak to get dusty a–jarmak to get dusty a––alak to become dusty ap etme publication ap etmek to publish ap seal, stamp apady chapati apak I. cotton II. apy printer apgy chopper, small hammer apgyn sharp, biting, piercing aphana printing plant apmak I. 1. to skip, hop, gallop, race 2. to run around, avoid II. to chop apyk 1. fallen tree 2. scar apyksuwar equestrian apyºmak to compete with; strive to overpass apyºyk race aramak : baºy–y aramak to inquire, consult arh 1. spinning wheel 2. wheel arkandak hole arlak sea gull arpaØa galmak to stand on end arpmak to clap arpyºyk : el arpyºyk applause arsenbe Wednesday arºak 1. pitchfork 2. fork arºenbe Wednesday arwa nomad arwadylyk transcience (the state of being a nomad) asly loud, great aslyk bandy-legged asowoØ r. by the hour, by the clock asy slanting, oblique; squinty-eyed asyrmak 1. to pitch a tent, spread out, set up 2. to knock down, overthrow 3. to knock unconscious aºmak 1. to disperse, break up 2. to come apart, fall to pieces 3. to lose, waste 4. to be lost, wasted at split, crack, crevice atak difficult atalba anat. sacrum atlamak to burst, crack up, split open atma hut, tent atmak 1. to sew, embroider 2. to tie together, connect, bind 3. to snatch, grasp, seize atryk crossroads atynja = tŠze atynja newlyweds awmak to ricochet aØ I. tea II. small river, creek aØ-šrek meal aØhana tea-house aØkamak 1. to rinse out 2. to rinse, gargle 3. to rock, swing, shake Turkmen/English Dictionary 9 aØkamak to rinse aØkanmak to stagger, lurch aØkeº tea-lover aØlamak to water, give drink aØmak to cover, coat aغarmak to bend, to distort aغyk bandy-legged aØyr bot. chayir ebis kid ebºek little bunny ek check : ek boØuna tšlemek = to pay by check ekankalamak to mint, coin, chase ekdirme chekdirme, a traditional Turkmen meat dish ekelemek 1. to torment, torture 2. to pester ekeleºik discussion, dispute, controversy ekeleºmek to dispute, argue, quarrel eker sliding box, drawer ekge cheek-bone eki hammer ekilmek 1. to step back, fall back, retreat 2. to reduce diminish, grow less 3. to grow lean ekimiz agreeable, harmonious ekimli public ekimli ses vowel ekimsiz ses consonant ekinmede feel free to... ekinmek 1. to feel shy, embarrassed 2. to be afraid ekirtge locust ekis hammer ekisme discussion, debate ekiºme etmek to debate ekiºmeler debate ekize chekize: a common milk product resembling cream cheese, but more sour ekmek I. 1. to pull, draw, tow 2. to carry, drag, pull 3. to last : Examinler bir aØa ekdi = The exam took one month 4. to lead, conduct 5. to drag in, involve 6. 7. to smoke 8. to get procure 9. to be like, resemble 10. to carry, bear, bring 11. to draw a picture, make a design II. to hang up; weigh ekremek to bleat elek cask, tun elgi landmark elpek r. em successful moment, good event eme spoon eme convenient situation? emedan r. suitcase emelenmek to prepare, train emeleºmek to approach, go up to, arrive, come emeli 1. convenient, comfortable 2. exemplary, approximate 3. apparently, evidently emen 1. banquet wreath 2. meadow emesiz inconvenient, uncomfortable empion r. champion empionat r. championship en 1. situation 2. time 3. measure, degree, way endan sometimes, occasionally, here and there endanaºa excessive enemek 1. to take aim at 2. to threaten enemek to chew enlemek to suppose, assume, plan enli until ensiz immeasurable, immense e––ek hook, crochet needle ep left, left side epbekeØ southpaw, lefthanded person eper 1. skilled, skillful 2. artful 3. eloquent eper eser fiction eperilik mastery, art eperlik mastery epiksi scrawny, skin-andbones erkes r. Circassian (ethnicity) ermek ermemek to turn up, tuck up ernil r. purple ertØor r. draft, mechanical drawing eºme 1. key 2. spring, source eºme source et I. 1. border, edge, boundary 2. fringe II. foreign etin difficult etleºdirmek to isolate, to insulate etleºmek to be isolated, insulated eØe flexible, pliable eØelik flexibility eØnemek 1. to chew 2. to bite Š agri. yield (of grain) Šge sand Šgesšw Øer a place with sandy soil Šk 1. border 2. a definite part Šklendirmek to organize Šklenmek to be organized, arranged, outlined Šksiz boundless, limitless ŠkØaka collor of a boy's traditional Turkmen shirt Šre punishment Šresiz forced, of necessity ŠrØek quarter Šºermek to lie, be still ŠØnek teapot ŠØnik teapot ig 1. damp, moist 2. unripe, immature 3. crude, raw : ig mal = natural resources igildem tulip igilmek to get tied up in knots igin I. shoulder, back II. lot, destiny igit sunflower seed : igit Øag = sunflower oil igmal raw materials igmek 1. to get tied up, stuck in a knot 2. to get entangled, confused, perplexed igrek rime, mist igreklemek to catch a cold igremek 1. to become chilly 2. to become warm ikge corner of the eye il border Turkmen/English Dictionary 10 ilik "chilik", a children's game ilim cigarette ilimkeº smoker iliºirmek to cross one's legs intgemek to inquire, to ask i–e steadfast i–erilmek to stare i–rik reed, cane : ºeker i– rik = sugar cane irkeØ mosquito; moth irkin shrill, penetrating, piercing irkizmek to roast; fry irtmek 1. to pinch, to tweak 2. to cut, incise isme inflammation ismek 1. to inflate, swell 2. to inflate, puff out is–emek to drizzle is–i drizzle, frost iº I. swelling, tumor II. 1. spit 2. iºik thick, large, big, stout, fat iºirmek to inflate, to swell iºlik shish-kebob iºme inflammation iºmek to become inflamed it 1. chinze, cotton 2. adj. cotton itgitlemek to crack; chew nuts, seeds itim connection, knot itmek to tie together, bend, connect len r. member, limb, article, part lenlik r, membership og heat, sultriness ogdan tuft, shred, rag ogmak to flow, pour, spread okalamak to peck okaØ chokai, Turkmen leather shoes okmak to peck, pick, bite ola 1. secluded 2. unpopulated olak cripple olamak 1. to wrap up drop in 2. to wrap up olarmak to become empty, deserted olaºmak 1. to get confused, mixed up 2. to become entangled olpy ladle oluk shepherd boy ommalmak to squat, curtsy ommaltmak 1. to protrude 2. to poke, jab, thrust onak lacking one or more toes or fingers opan shepherd opanilik shepherdhood opantelpek camomille or dirt, mud orba soup orlamak to get dirty otga r. brush otgalamak r. 1. to clean 2. to brush, to brush off owdary rye owlamak I. to sharpen II. to burn, scorch, singe owluk great-grandson oØmak to warm up, heat oØun r. cast iron, made of cast iron oØunmak to heat ozmak 1. to advance 2. to dash, rush ške dŸºmek to sit on the knees, to kneel škermek to kneel šket low, lower šketlik lowlands, hollow škmek 1. to sink, fall, come down, go down 2. to subside, settle 3. to bend one's knees 4. to sit down, board, get into škŸndi 1. sediment, aftertaste 2. deposit (geological) šl desert šp 1. stick 2. špboØa bot. chopboia špleme 1. (burning) chip, spill 2. brushwood šplemek to pick up šplemek to pick up, gather, collect špŸr goat wool šr low šrlek bread (also "food" in general) šºlemek used in Øumagy gšºlemek šwre back, inside, wrong side šwrŸlmek 1. to turn inside out 2. to turn over, overturn šz anat. mesentery šzgŸt decision, resolution šzlemek to untangle šzmek 1. to untie, unleash, loosen 2. to solve, decide, resolve šzŸlmek 1. to come untied 2. to be resolved šzŸº solution ugutmak to roll up, curl up ukanak hole ukur I. hole, pit, dungeon II. 1. deep, profound, low 2. hollow, sunken ukuralmak 1. to extend, make more profuse, make deeper 2. to sink, to grow hollow ukurlyk hole, pit u– deep u–almak to make deeper, to become more profound, extensive u–altmak to deepen u–laºmak to deepen gradually u–luk depth, remoteness u––ur profound u–samak to shriek, yelp us swift-footed uw adjectival intesifier : Øumagy gšºlemek = uwal chuwal, Turkmen sack uwaº r. Chugach (nationality) Ÿlpe small, tiny ŸmdŸrmek 1. to put inside, to stick into 2. to immerse, sink into, plunge Ÿmhšrek legible, discernible, fastidious Ÿmhšreklik legibility, scrupulousness Ÿmmek 1. to thrust, to plunge, to transfix 2. to be absorbed in, lost in ŸmmŸk pinch ŸmmŸklemek to pinch, to tweak ŸmºŸldi a tickle, a strange feeling on the skin Turkmen/English Dictionary 11 ŸmŸrmek to soak Ÿnki because, therefore Ÿ–k 1. corner, angle, nook 2. beak, bill Ÿpremek to degenerate Ÿr depesi 1. top, crest 2. the highest ranks Ÿrelmek to taper Ÿri conical, crested Ÿrt-kesik bluntly; categorically ŸrŸºmek to wither, shrivel, shrink Ÿwde butt ŸwdŸrmek to stream, flow, run Ÿwek to drive, transport, pull ŸØ nail ŸØlemek to nail ŸØremek to rot ŸØrŸk rotten, putrid ŸØrŸklik rottenness ŸØrŸntgi humus ŸØºe 1. glass, pane 2. bottle yban boil, furnucle ybºyldy rustle (noise) ybºyrlamak to rustle (to make a rustling noise) ybyk rod, switch ybyklamak 1. to cut up, chop, cleave 2. to whip, flog ybyn mosquito ydam patience ydamak 1. to suffer, endure, withstand 2. to tolerate, to bear 3. to snatch, grab, seize ydamly 1. tolerant; bearable 2. solid, firm, lasting ydamlylyk 1. tolerance 2. durability ydamsyz 1. impatient 2. intolerant yg moisture ygjarmak to wet or dampen slightly ygly moist, raw, wet, humid, damp yglyk moistness, humidity, dampness ygºyldamak to rustle (to make a rustling noise) ygºyldy rustle (noise) ygylmak to grieve, long for ygyrmak to cry out, bawl, lament, wail ykalga exit ykan cousin ykarmak 1. to take out, pull at 2. to take off, strip, undress 3. to let out, release 4. to dismiss, discard 5. to publish, edit, put out 6. to manufacture, produce 7. to get, obtain, procure 8. to display, expose 9. to dislocate, sprain 10. to remove, transfer ykdajy expenditure, debt ykdaØjy expense ykgynsyz 1. continual 2. desperate, hopeless ykmak 1. to exit, to leave 2. to go, set off 3. to climb up, into 4. to utter, emit 5. to result in 6. to turn out, be found 7. to meet 8. to leave, withdraw, drop out 9. to originate, eminate 10. to dislocate, sprain : gapºy ykmak = to oppose : Øatdan ykmak = to forget ykyrynmak to take off, to strip ykyº etmek to perform, make a speech ykyº speech, presentation ykyw address ylgym strip, streak ylka fillet ylpyk pus ylpyklamak to fester ylºyrymlaºdyrmak to be complicated ylºyrymlaºmak to become complicated ylºyrymly complex, complicated ym : ‚ym-ym etme! = Don't be shy! (used when someone is eating little) yn true yn ØŸrekden sincerely ynar plane tree ynlakaØ in earnest, seriously ynØŸrekdeºlik sincerity yp noise from eating? ypar red, sorrel ypdyrma lie, falsehood yplak lightly dressed, with light baggage ypla– lightly dressed, with light baggage yra lamp yryk sickness yryklamak to fall ill yrlamak to wind around, embrace with yrmamak to wrap up yrmaºmak to plait, braid yrmaºyk ivy yrpmak I. to mint, coin II. to rinse, gargle yrpynmak 1. to wind, wiggle, twist, meander 2. to roar, rage, storm yrryldamak to whistle yrryldyy a whistle yrºak dirt, mud yrºamak 1. to smear, to rub in, to spread ytalaºmak to try, to endeavor, to strive ytmak to knit the browns, to frown, to wrinkle ytyk 1. gloomy, sullen, cloudy (personal) 2. gloomy, dark (weather) yzgmak to turn up, to tuck up yzgy 1. drawing 2. drawing, draft, note yzgy ruler (for geometry) yzmak to draw, design yzmyk stripe yzyk line, trait, feature Turkmen/English Dictionary 12 D daban sole (of foot) dabara celebration, ceremony dabaralanmak to celebrate, observe a ceremony dabaraly ceremonial dadyrmak to taste dag mountain dagatmat to scatter daglamak 1. to grill 2. to brand dagly mountain-dweller dagy else, what else : Dagy zat tapmady–my? = Didn't you find anything else? dagy-duwara from now on, henceforward dagynyk uncoordinated, odd dahylly important, relevant : Bu sa–a dahylly dŠl = This doesn't concern you dakmak to put on : Ol barmagy–a ØŸzŸk dakdy = She put the ring on her finger dakynmak to wear dalak med. spleen dalan veranda, porch dalbar summer-house dalyn carnation dalda help, aid daljykmak to pant, be out of breath damak throat damar vein, artery, nerve : gan damar = blood vessel damdyk small drop (i.e. of water) damja drop damjalamak to drip dammak to drip : Damadama kšl bolar, hi dammasa - šp bolar Å Drop by drop makes a lake, but not a drop makes a desert daniØaly Danish danmak to tie, fasten da– atmak to dawn da– dawn da–dan at dawn da–danky adj. earlymorning da–mak 1. to tie 2. to wrap around da–y tether, tie dar narrow darak comb daraklyk toes daralmak to shrink daramak to comb dartgynly tense, intense dartmak to tug dary millet darykmak to worry daº I. far II. 1. exterior 2. yard, outside area 3. cover (i.e. of a book) III. [a:] stone daº-tšwerek vicinity, surroundings daºamak to carry daºary 1. outside 2. external daºary Øurt dili foreign language daºdeºen woodpecker daºgyn above, beyond daºky outside, outer daºlamak to stone, throw stones at daºlaºdyrmak to remove, extract daºly stony, rocky daºlykdaky remote daºmak to overflow daºyndan besides, in addition to dat-bidat! help! datmak to taste davaØ r. "Come on! Let's!" dawa conflict, argument dawalaºmak to argue dawaly argumentative daØamak to prop up daØan support daØaw strong, healthy daØhan peasant (often used to replacethe Russian "kolhoznik" , meaning "collective farmer") daØy uncle daØza 1. aunt 2. ma'am dazarylmak to come down hard on someone, get tough with dazlamak to rush, speed along debsilmek to spur degerli 1. persuasive, convincing 2. efficacious degirmek to concern, affect degirmen mill : degirmen daºy = millstone degiºgen joker degiºli bolmak to belong degiºli concerning, in relation to degiºmek to joke degmek 1. to touch 2. to bump against 3. fig. to affect, bother, play with : Gowusy, sen ma–a degme! = You'd better not mess with me! dek I. still, unmoving II. like, as : Bu bur dek ajy = This is hot as a pepper dekabr r, December dekada r, decade dekan r, dean dekrek r, decree del unusual, strange delegat r, delegate delegatsiØa r, delegation delil evidence, case delillendirmek to present evidence, make a case dellek barber dellekhana barber shop dem almak to breathe dem breath, vapor : demi– izi goØberi–! = Please exhale! dem-dyn a break, a rest demgysma asthma demikmek to gasp, breath heavily demir iron : demir Øol = railroad demirgazyk north demirgazykgŸnbatar northwest demirgazykgŸndogar northeast demlemek to boil (water for tea) : ‚aØ demleØŠrin = I'm making tea demokratik r. democratic demokratsiØa r. democracy demrew herpes (includes all herpes family diseases, such as psoriasis, shingles, and ringworm) de– the same, equal : BoØlary de– agalar = The trees are the same height Turkmen/English Dictionary 13 de–duº person of the same age, peer de–e-de– the same de–e until : Biz gi agºama de–e oturdyk = We sat until late in the evening de–emek 1. to check (against, with) 2. to try on de–eºdirmek to check (against, with) de–iz ocean, sea de–izi sailor de–lemek to make even, to even out de–lik equality de–sizlik inequality depder notebook depdere little book depe 1. top 2. hill, knoll 3. can be used as a preposition : DepŠmizden samolØot uup gedi = A plane flew by above us depelemek to trample depgilemek to trample depgip pace depjemek to stitch depmek to kick deprek drum deprenmek to get a kick out of, be taken with deputat r. deputy der sweat dere valley deregine instead of : Ol šz kitaby– derigine daºga birini– kitabyny aldy = He took a different book instead of his own dereje degree, extent derek I. information II. in place of III. bot. poplar derekli informative dereksiz 1. uninformative 2. unmotivated deri skin, leather derkar necessary derlemek to sweat derman medicine dermanhana drugstore dermanlamak to spinkle, spray der–ew examination, analysis der–ewi examiner derrew at once, right now : Muny derrew etmeli = This needs to be done at once ders I. lesson II. manure dert ill derwaØys vital, urgent, important derweze gate derØa river desga structure desse bunch, clump : gŸl dessei = a bouquet of flowers dessine just as, as soon as dessur tradition, custom deºik 1. hole 2. full of holes : deºik halta = sack with many holes 3. gap deºirmek to check against, with deºmek to make a hole, puncture dŠde uncle, father (Balkan dialect) dŠl not dŠli crazy: dŠli bolmak = to go crazy dŠliremek to go crazy dŠne 1. seed, pit; grain, kernel 2. bunch, group dŠnmek 1. to deny 2. to retract (ie. one's words) dŠp tradition dŠp-dessur tradition dialekt r. dialect didar face: Men seni– didary–a zar Å I miss you didivan gun-sight, gunscope digden eklemek to tremble digir grain diglemek to shudder dik steep; perpendicular dikdŸºdi obstinate dikelmek 1. to straighten oneself; raise oneself dikeltmek 1. to straighten, to set straight dikmek to dig in diktant r. dictation diktatura r. dictatorship diktor r. radio-announcer dil 1. toungue 2. language 3. pointer, indicator (ie. on a gauge) dilden orally dildŸwºŸk plot, conspiracy dileg prayer dilemek 1. to ask 2. to wish 3. to pray dilewar 1. witty 2. wit dilik etmek to slit dilik n. slit; slice; cut dilim slice; segment dillenmek to say something dilleºmek to make said; to come to the point dilmek to cut; slice din religion dindar religious; faithful dini religious di– emphatic preposition: Ol di– arkan Øykyldy = He fell flat (directly) on his back di– salmak to overhear; to hear about di–e only di–ir genmek to ponder, meditate on di–lemek to listen di–leØji listener; audience di–leØmek 1. to listen 2. to overhear di–mek to become calm; grow quiet; cease di–ºirgemek to listen to diplom r. diploma diplomatic r. diplomatic direg strut, brace, prop direktor r. director direlmek to come to life diremek to prop up; brace direnmek to be propped up; c=braced diri alive dirijØor r. conductor (of a band or orchestra) diriligene alive diriliº resurrection dispanser r. clinic dispeter r. dispatcher dissertatsiØa r. dissertation diº tooth : Diº agyrysy = toothache diºlemek 1. to bite 2. to have a bite, eat a little diversiØa r. sabotage divisiØa r. division (military) diwar wall diØen Øaly almost Turkmen/English Dictionary 14 diØmek 1. to say: Mu–a nŠme diØØŠrler? = What's this called? 2. to mean, to signify; to imply dizel r. diesel dodak lip doga from birth doga okamak to pray dogan brother dogan-garyndaº relative doganlyk brotherhood doganoglan cousin doglan gŸni birthday dogluº birth dogmak to rise (of the sun) dogralmak to be straightened up dograltmak to straighten up dograma dograma, a dish made of stuffing, onions, and sheep's head , sometimes made into soup dogramak to cut to pieces dogruyl honest, sincere dogruyllyk sincerity dogruda concerning dogrudan true, really dogrulamak to direct, aim at dogrusy in truth, truly dogry 1. true 2. exact 3. straight 4. righteous, upright dogulmak to be born dogumly determined dogurmak to give birth dok full, satisfied dokalmak to be woven dokamak to weave dokulyk prosperity doklad r. report dokluk satisfaction dokma weaving, carpetmaking : dokma fabrigi = carpet factory doktor r. doctor dokument r. document dokuz nine dokuzynjy ninth doky Belugian dolag wrapper dolak leg-wrappings dolama ground meat wrapped in cabbage dolamak 1. to wrap, bind 2. to turn, double back dolandyrmak to manage, control dolandyrys management dolanmak to come back doldurgy gram. object : gšni baglanØan doldurgy = direct object : gytaklaØyn baglanØan doldurgy = indirect object doldurmak to fill dolmak to be filled doly I. hail II. [o:] full(y), filled; thick; complete domma quiet, reserved don robe (traditional Turkmen) do– frozen do–aklyk freeze, frost do–an rigid, frozen do–durma ice-cream do–durmak to freeze do–mak to be frozen do–uz pig dor bay (color of a horse) dos used in superlatives: dosdoly = completely full dost friend, friendly (male or neuter) dost-Øar friends dostlaºmak to become friends dostluk friendship dotsent r. doccent dowam etmek to continue dowamynda during dowan length, course (of time) dowanly lengthy dowar livestock (specifically: sheeps, goats, and small cattle) dowul panic dowzah hell doØa until satisfied : Men doØa iØdim = I ate until I was full doØmak to eat one's fill, stuff oneself: Men doØdym = I'm full, I've stuffed myself doØurmak to fill (an animal) with food dškmek 1. to spill 2. to leak dškŸlmek 1. to be poured out 2. to drop : Agalary– Øapaklary dškŸlØŠr = Leaves fall from the trees dškŸn manure, nightsoil dškŸnlemek to fertilize dšmmek to tear off a piece dšndermek to flip over dšnmek 1. to be flipped over 2. to switch over, turn : Bu gŸn howa gyºa dšndi = Today the weather turned wintry dšnŸk traitor, turn-coat dšnŸklik treachery dšrdŸnji fourth dšrediji creator dšredijilik creation dšremek to arise, spring up dšretme creation dšretmek to create dšretmek to start, create, found dšrjemek to dig into dšrmek to search, dig around for dšrt four dšrtlŸk a four, a "B" student dšrŸºdirmek to turn over dšs pile, heap dšº breast dšw I. set, match II. giant; demon dšwek threshing : dšwek dšwmek = to thresh dšwlet 1. government 2. richness, goodness dšwmek to break dšwrŸnde during dšwŸk broken dšwŸlgi fragile dšwŸlmek to break dšwŸm piece, lump, portion dšwŸr 1. epoch 2. period, time dšwŸrdeº contemporary (said of a person) dšwŸrleØin periodic dšzmek to be uncaring dšzŸmli hardy, staunch dšzŸmsiz sympathetic, compassionate drama r. drama duar bolmak to be faced with duk mixed up dul 1. place of respect 2. widower dul aØal widow duldegºir near, neighborly : duldegºir bolup Øaºamak = to be a neighbor to, live near duluk cheek duman fog, mist, haze Turkmen/English Dictionary 15 dumanlamak to grow foggy dumanly foggy, misty : dumanly daglar = misty mountains dura-bara gradually, continually duralga stop (as in bus or taxi stop) durdugya gradually, continually durlamak to clear, make still durmak 1. to stand, be still 2. to be (used to express cost or fixed state) 3. used as a modal verb to express a state of being or continual action: Ol gŸlŸp durØar = She's smiling, she's been smiling durmuº life, existence durmuºa ykan married (of a girl) durmuºa ykmak to marry (of a girl) durna crane (bird) durnukly solid, stable durnuklylyk stability durºuna entirely duruzmak to make a stop, to stop dury pure duº bolmak to be faced with something duº gelmek to meet, come to duº I. [u:] close to : Ol duºuna bardy = He went closer II. r. shower duºak fetters duºenbe Monday duºly closely duºmak to meet, encounter duºman enemy duºmanylyk animosity duºuºmak to meet, encounter duºuºyk meeting, encounter dutar dutar, a traditional Turkmen instrument which is two-stringed, looks somewhat like a mandolin and has a twangy sound duw superlative affiz: duwak = the whitest, completely white duØdansyz sudden, reflexive duØdurmak 1. to warn 2. to portend 3. to inform duØduryº warning duØgudaº sympathetic duØgudaºlyk sympathy duØgur impressionable, perceptive, sensual duØgy sense, feeling duØmak to feel duz salt duzak snare duzlamak to salt duzly salty : duzsuz bolsa atarsy–, duzly bolsa nŠdersi–! = If it's not salty, you can add salt; if it's salty, there's nothing you can do! dŸkan shop, store; stall dŸkŸrdemek 1. to stomp 2. to make an indistinct noise dŸkŸrdetmek to stomp dŸme dry-farming dŸmew 1. virus, common cold 2. flu dŸmewlemek to have a cold dŸnderilmek to turn upside-down, flip-flop dŸndermek to turn over, flip dŸnØewi secular, worldly dŸnØŠ inmek to be born dŸnØŠ world, globe dŸnØŠden štmek to die dŸ––Ÿrdemek to jingle dŸr pearl dŸrbi binoculars dŸrli diverse, different dŸrli-dŸrli different, various dŸrs correct dŸrs jogap bermek to answer correctly dŸrsemek used in the construction: šzŸ–i dŸrsemek = to get well dŸrtgŸ stamp for bread dŸrtme gŸrsak blunt dŸrtmek to poke, prod dŸºbi clever dŸºbŸlik cleverness dŸºek 1. bed, bedding 2. cushion, mattress dŸºeke mattress dŸºelge stopping place, camp dŸºemek 1. to spread out 2. to pave dŸºewŸnt profit dŸºewŸntli profitable dŸºlemek to make a stop dŸºmek 1. to descend, dismount, come down (from) 2. to fall 3. to come into, upon 4. used figuratively like the English "to fall": howsala dŸºmek = to fall into a panic dŸºnŸkli clear, understandable dŸºnŸksiz unclear, not understandable dŸºŸm gram. case : TŸrkmendilinde alty dŸºŸm bar = The Turkmen language has six cases dŸºŸndiriº explanation dŸºŸndiriºli explanatory dŸºŸndirmek to explain dŸºŸniºmek to understand each other dŸºŸnje 1. notion 2. explanation dŸºŸnjeli knowledgable dŸºŸnmek I. to understand II. to swim dŸºŸrmek to help off, to set down dŸwme jangles, little bells dŸwmek to knot dŸwŸlmek to be knotted dŸwŸnek little knot dŸwŸnmek to choke on dŸwŸrtik pimple, blackhead dŸØbŸnden absolutely dŸØe camel dŸØeguº ostrich dŸØn yesterday dŸØnki yesterday's dŸØp 1. bottom 2. base 3. root 4. bush 5. essence dŸØpgšter forever, once and for all dŸØpleØin forever, once and for all dŸØpli essential, fundamental dŸØrlemek to roll up dŸØº dream dŸØº gšrmek to have a dream dŸØºŸrgemek to dream dŸØt soot Turkmen/English Dictionary 16 dŸz etmek to repair, mend dŸz I. 1. plains, flatlands 2. flat, smooth II. 1. straight 2. right dŸzediº ammendment dŸzelmek to be rectified dŸzetmek to set straight, to rectify dŸzgŸn rule, order dŸzgŸn-nyzam order, discipline dŸzgŸn-tertip order, discipline dŸzgŸnleºdirmek to set in order dŸzgŸnnama position, ordering dŸzlŸk plains, flatlands dŸzme composition, essay dŸzmek 1. to string, to thread 2. to gather 3. to compose dŸzŸji compiler, composer dŸzŸm composition, makeup dŸzŸwli composed, orderly, well dwigatel r. engine, motor dØadØa r. uncle dyglamak to shudder dykgat attention dykmak to stuff; to jam in dyknyºmak to be pushed in dyknyºyk jam; crush; crowding dyky cork; stopper dykylmak 1. to put in 2. fig. to nose around in, to butt into dykyz packed, dense dykyzlanmak to get packed dym superlative affiz dymjykmak to spoil, go bad dymmak to be quiet, to shut up dymºyk silence dymyk humid dyn 1. rest; relaxation 2. peace; stillness dyn almak to take a rest, vacation dyndarmak to get out of; to escape dyngy pause dyngysyz without a break, non-stop dynmak 1. to finish 2. to get out of dynman without a break, non-stop dyr-pytrak bolmak to be parted; separated dyrjaºmak to try, attempt dyrmak rake dyrmaºmak to climb dyrmyk rake dyrnaak scratch; abrasion dyrnaaklamak to scratch dyrnak 1. nail (of a finger or toe) 2. claw dyz knee dyzamak to be bursting, straining dyzma frisky, hot to trot E ebedi eternal ebedileºdirmek to immortalize ebedilik 1. eternity 2. eternal ebeteØ approach edara etmek to manage edara office; institution edebi literary edebiØat literature edebiØaty man of letters eden-etdilik arbitrariness; despotism; tyrrany edenli business-like; expert edep breeding; politeness edepli well-bred, polite edeplilik politeness edepsiz uncultured; impolite edepsizlik impoliteness; unculturedness edermen brave edermenlik valour edŠhet manner edil I. as such II.exact, exactly edilen made of edilmek to be made of edip bilmek to be able to do edren ugly effekt r. effect efiop r. Ethiopian egelenmek to surround eger (de) if egin shoulder egin-eºik clothes eginbaº clothing egindeº 1. person of same age 2. brother -in- arms egirmek to spin egismek to reduce; to diminish eglemek to delay; detain; hold up eglenmek to be delayed; detained egliºik concession egmek 1. to bend; stoop; bow 2. to curve; fold egrelmek to be bent; folded egri bent; crooked egriji spinner egrilik curvature egsilmez innumerable Turkmen/English Dictionary 17 ejap shame eje mother ejelik motherhood ejir martyr ejiz feeble, weak, small boned ejizlemek to tire; become enervated ekabyr 1. senior; older; higher 2. powerful; mighty; intense ekdi tame eken really (emphatic word) Bu nahar šrŠn sŸØji eken=this food is really tasty ekeni eken ekeranylyk agriculture; farming ekin crop ekipazh r. crew ekiº sowing ekiz twin eklemek to contain, hold, look for, maintain eklen means eklenmek to earn ekleØji breadwinner ekmek to plant ekplutasiØa r. exploitation ekran r. screen ekskawator r. excavator ekspedisiØa r. expedition, dispatch office eksperiment r. experimental ekspertizia r. expertise, opinion eksplutatirlemek r. to exploit eksponat r. exhibition eksponirlemek r. to exhibit, expose eksport r. export eksportirlemek r. to export ekzamen r. examination ekzemplØar r. to copy, specimen el arpmak to applaud, clap el hand elbetde of course eldek tame (same as ekdi) ele almak to know deeply elek sieve elek-elek gšzŸni elek elek etmek = to stare at elektrifikasiØa r. electrification elektrifisirlemek to electrify elektrik r. electrik elektrostansiØa r. power station elemek to sift element r. element elementar r. elementary eleºan torn, tattered elgarama dependent elhen 1. terrible, frightful, dreadful 2. powerful, very strong elim glue elin self, own elipbiØ alphabet eljiremek 1. to mince, be prim 2. t loll, lounge ellemek to handle ellemek to touch, handle elleºmek to shake hands elli fifty ellik glove elmydam always elmydama always eltmek to deliver, hand, bring elujundan etmek to do elØaglyk handkerchief elØeter inaccessible, out of reach em medicine emaØ bilen with caution, with care emblema r. emblem emdirmek to feed, nurse emedeklemek to crawl emeli artificial, false emelsiz awkward, unskilled emelsizlik awkwardness emenmek to covet emgek 1. illness, sickness 2. torment, agony, pain emgemek to take pains, to make an effort emgenmek to toil, work hard, exert oneself emjek 1. breast, bosom 2. udder emlŠk property, belongings emma but emmek to suck emzik dummy, doll enaØy good, favorable eneme many, a lot endam body endigan uniform, equal endiganlamak to level, straighten, clip endik habit endiremek to tremble, shake, quiver ene dili mothertongue ene grandmother ene-atalar parents enegiØa r. energy eneke nana enjam equipment enjamlaºdyrmak to equip, outfit ensiklopediØa r. encyclopedia entegem still, yet entek still, yet, as yet entemek 1. to wander 2. to roam entŠk still, yet entreklemek 1. to wander 2. to roam entuziazm r. enthusiasm e–aºak lowering, descent, slope e–ek chin e–mek to rush, hurry, be directed e––it slope, pitch e–remek to cry, weep e–termek 1. to pour out 2. to fell 3. to fall in 4. to chase epeØ 1. respectable 2. high flown, bombastic epigraf r. epigraph epilmek 1. to wrinkle 2. to curve, bend, bow epin pleat, fold, crease, wrinkle epizod r. episode eplemek to fold eplenmek to fold, bend, curve (on one's own) epmek to bend, curve, fold era r. era erbet bad erbetlemek to deteriorate, turn for the worse erbetleºmek to deteriorate erbetlik badness eremek to melt, thaw ergin solution erik apricot erjel persistent erjellik persistence, perseverance Turkmen/English Dictionary 18 erk free erkana free, unrestricted, easy erkek 1. man 2. male camel erkin 1. free 2. freely, unrestrictedly erkinlik freedom ermeni r. Armanian er–ek edge, rim ersmek 1. to build firmly, solidly 2. to be firm, solid erteki fairy tale, story ertir 1. morning 2. tomorrow ertirlik breakfast ertirlik nahar breakfast (morning meal) esas base, basis, foundation esasan basically, with basis esasanlamak to be founded on,based on esaslsandyrmak to found esassyz unfounded, without basis esasy basic esbap 1. tool, instrument 2. grant, relief, dole, benefit eser written work, composition, thesis, writing eserde– sensitive, vigilant eserde–lik keenness esetmek 1. to look at, examine, inspect 2. to nurse, care for, look after esger soldier esgerlik position, location esgi rag eskalator r. escalator eskiz r. sketch esli considerable, large essalawmaleØkim formal greeting esse time (x) estafeta r. relay race estetik r. aesthetic estetika r. aesthetics estrada r. stage, platform eºek donkey eºik clothes eºikler clothes eºitmek to hear eºret well-being, prosperity eºretli blessed et meat etazh r. floor, story of building etek lap, skirt etli of meat, meaty etli-ganly full-blooded etmek to do, to make, to produce etmiº offense etrap geographical region etØud r. etude eØ-waØ oh! eØ-wŠk ouch! eØe bolmak to own eØe owner eØeilik ownership eØelemek 1. to capture 2. to conquer 3. to gain, occupy, employ eØelik etmek to keep house eØer saddle eØerlemek to saddle eØermek 1. to follow, ensue 2. to be led 3. to imitate, copy eØgermek to inquire about, ask eØgilik well-being, prosperity, happiness eØikmek to grow stronger eØjelik pretty eØle like that, as such eØleki different, others, the others eØlemek 1. to tan 2. to knead eØmen older, senior eØmenmek to fear, be afraid eØwan veranda eØØam I. already II. era ezenek lazy ezilmek 1. to get wet 2. to moisten 3. to be oppressed eziz dear ezmek 1. to wet, moisten, soak 2. to opress ezØet martyr € Š ah! I see! Šbermek to give, serve, render, get ready Šdik boot Šdiki shoemaker Šdim footstep Šdimlemek to step, march ŠgŠ: Šga bolmak to be carefu; Šgirt 1.huge 2.very Šhe– tone Šhey yo, hi (greeting) ŠhŠ ah!, I see! Šhlepus dunce, knownothing Šhli all, the whole, full Šhlihalk nationwide Šhlumumy universal, general ŠhmiØet meaning, significance, importance ŠhmiØetli significant, considerable Šht vow, pledge, promise Šhtibar 1. reliable, dependable 2. authentic Šhtimal possibly ŠhtiØalanlyk treachery, perfidy Škitmek to carry, take away Šklemek to bring, deliver Šlem world Šlem-jahan universe, world Šlemgoºar rainbow Š– lower jaw Š–etmek 1. to look at 2. to look over Špet mighty, powerful, huge Špiºge window Šr husband Šr-aØal married couple Šsgermek to consider, regard Šsgermezilik neglect, disdain Šsgermezlik neglect, disdain ŠºgŠr open, obvious, evident ŠºgŠrlik openness, obviousness Štiºgir railroad pliers, tongs ŠtiØa caution, heed Turkmen/English Dictionary 19 ŠtiØaly cautious, careful Štlemek 1. to step 2. to cross, transgress Štmek to step Šwmek to feel, react, respond to Šwmezlik slowness, tardiness (?) ŠwŸl-sŠwŸl by chance (?) ŠØnek glasses, spectacles F fabrik factory fakt r. fact fakultØet r. faculty familiØa r. surname faner r. plywood, veneer fantastika r. fantastic, imaginary fantaziØa r. imagination; fantasy farfor r. china; porcelin fartuk r. apron fason r. style federasiØa r. federation federatiw r. federative; federal fehtowaniØe r. fencing feldsher r. medical assistant felØeton r. feuilleton ferma r. farm festiwal r. festival fewral r. February feØerwerk r. firework filarmoniØa r. philharmonic film r. film filologik r. philologic filologiØa r. philology filosofik r. philosophic filosofiØa r. philosophy fin r. Finn final r. final; finale firma r. firm fizika r. physics fiziki r. physicist flot r. fleet fond r. fund fonetik r. phonetic fonetika r. phonetics fontan r. fountain forma r. uniform formal r. formal format r. size; form formula r. formula formulirlemek r. to formulate formulirowka r. formulation forografilemek r. to photograph fortoka r. window leaf forum r. forum fotoapparat r. camera fotografiØa r. photograph foØe r. foyer; lobby fraseologik r. phraseologic fraseologiØa r. phraseology front r. front fundament r. foundation; basis funksiØa r. function futbol r. football futboly r. football player Turkmen/English Dictionary 20 G gaba cumbersome, unweildy gabahatylyk entrapment, vicious scheme gabak eyelid gabamak to encircle gabanja– jealous gabanmak to be jealous of gabara dimension, size gabaryk callous gabarmak to callous gabat against : JaØlar birbirine gabat salnypdyr = The houses were built against each other gabat gelmek to coincide gabatlamak to intercept gabaw siege, encirclement gabsa shutter gabyk bark, shell gaa durmak to avoid, keep at a distance : Men ony gaa durØaryn = I'm avoiding her gaalak etmek to hide from, to avoid gaalaklamak to hide from, avoid gaalga avoidance gagak fugitive, refugee gagakmak 1. to avoid 2. to fall, be lost : Meni– ukym gaypdyr = My hopes were vanishing gamak 1. to flee, retreat 2.to drop (on its own) gay dike gayrmak 1. to drop, let fall 2. to let loose : ol towºany gayrdy = He let loose the rabbit gadagan forbidden, prohibited gadam step, movement gadym ancient gadymy antiquity gadyr fondness gadyrly dear one gadyrsyz unloved gagal stupid, foolish gagºamak to tremble gagyldamak to cackle, croak gagyrmak to spit gagyrynmak to spit out gahar gelmek to get angry gahar getirmek to anger gahar rage, fury gahar-gazap rage, fury gaharjan furious, angry gaharjandyrmak to make angry gaharly furious, meanspirited gahryman hero (fearless person) gahrymanylyk heroism gahrymanlara heroic gakylyk phlegm, phlegmy gala fortress galadaw indefatiguable, energetic galagoply disturbing galak left-over, left-behind : galak okuwy = a pupil who isn't making progress galak-galak leftovers, clippings galaktika r. galactic galam 1. pencil 2. spoon (Yomud) galamdan pencil-case galapyn most of the time : Galapyn sen gije galyp gelØŠrsi– = You come late most of the time galat untruthful : Siz galat aØdØarsy–yz! = You're lying! galaØy tin galaØylamak to solder galdyramak to tremble galdyrnak 1. to raise : Eli–i galdyry–! = Raise your hand! 2. [a:] to leave (something) : Kataplary–izi šØde galdyry– = Leave your books at home galgamak to flutter galkynys revival galla grain, bread galmagal noise, racket galmagally noisy galmak 1. to raise, be lifted 2. [a:] to stay, remain 3. [a:] used to form modal verbs, keep Éing : Ol Øatyr galdy = He kept (remained) sleeping gal–amak to thicken, become dense : Gar kem- kemden gal–aØar = The snow gradually thickened galoº r. galoshes galp fake, counterfeit galpak a baby's first hair : galpak toØy = a party celebrating a child's first haircut galplaºdyrmak to falsify galpyldy tremors galstuk r. necktie galtak wheelbarrow galtaman bandit galtaºdyrmak to be right against : ºkafy divara galtaºdyryp goØdyk = We put the wardrobe against the wall galtga float galyberse-de and with that... galyn bride price galyndy remaining, remainder: On iki dšrde galyndysyz bšlŸnØŠr = Twelve goes into four without a remainder galy– thick galy–lyk thickness gam cekmek to mourn gamak a kind of plant gamaºmak 1. to be dazed, overwhelmed 2. to be disgusted gamaºyk hazy, cloudy, dull gamy whip gamylamak to whip gamgyn sad gamlaºdyrmak to pack, stuff gamly sad gamyº reed : Gamyºy gowºak tutsa–, elinni gyØar = Hold the reed lightly, it might cut your hand gan blood gana plenty : Gana syw i! = Drink plenty of water! ganagy adj. bleeding ganar sack (for cut straw, etc.) ganat wing ganatlandyrmak to inspire (lit. to add wings) ganaw ditch gandym a kind of plant gandyrmak to fill, satisfy, slake, relieve Turkmen/English Dictionary 21 ganhor murderer, monstrous person ganjarmak to bleed ganjyga saddle straps ganjyk bitch ganly bloody ganmak to fill (something with a liquid) gansyz bloodless gant sugar gantly sugary ganybir one blooded : Ol meni– ganybir doganym = He's my blood brother. ganymat not bad ganymatlaºmak to get better ga––a mule saddle ga–rak hook ga–rylamak to bend, make hooked ga–ºyrawuk anat. nasopharynx ga–yrak hook (for clothing) ga–yrmak to bend gap 1. box, package 2. vessel : naxar iØilØŠn gap = kitchenware 3. grammatical intesifier: gapgara–ky = really dark gapak cover gapan 1. trap 2. scale (for weighing) gapdal side : Gapy jaØy– demirgazyk gapdalyda = The door is on the house's north side gapdalky adj. side : gapdalky gapy = side door gapga dishes, utensils gapgarmak to fill gapjamak to clamp gapjawa clamp gaplamak to cover, bury gapla– tiger gapma-garºy contradictory : Ol ma–a gapma-garºy dyrdy = He contradicted me gapmak to catch gapy door gapyl ignorant, ill-informed gapyrga rib gapyrjak box gar snow gara black gara-šrt bolmak to char garabasma nightmare garaorba Turkmen meat soup garagol disorderly garaguº epilepsy garahassalyk typhys garaj r. garage garak eye : NŠme, seni– garagy– Øokmy? = What, you don't have eyes to see? garaky bandit : de–iz garaylary = pirates garakšl baby sheep's pelt (used to make Turkmen telpeks) garalama draft, rough copy garalamak 1. to blacken : Ol gaºy–y garalaØar = She's darkening her eyebrows 2. to dye 3. to shame, sully garalawy public prosecutor, investigating magistrate garalmak 1. to become dark 2. to burn : DŸn men gŸne gataldym = I got a sunburn yesterday 3. to consider garaltmak to make black garaly plum, plum tree : garaly mŸrepbesi = plum jam garalyºmak to wait for someone garamak 1. v. to overlook 2. v. to consider 3. n. direction, auspices garamandalak thistle garamat responsibility garamaØak common people (???) garamazdan despite garamyk 1. chicken pox 2. a kind of plant garanjaklamak to look around garantja scarecrow gara–ky 1. dark, unlit 2. darkness : Gara–kydan gorkØary–my? = Are you afraid of the dark? gara–kylyk darkness gara–kyramak to darken garasšØmez reserved, unsociable garasuw glaucoma garaºdyrmak to make someone wait awhile garaºly bolmak to depend on garaºly dependent garaºlylyk dependence garaºmak to wait garaºsyz independent garaºsyzlyk independence: syØasy we ykdysady garaºsyzlyk = political and economic independence garaºyk attention, notice garawul durmak to stand guard garawul guard garaØag tar garaØagyz dark complexioned garaØyº 1. attitude, opinion 2. look, glance garaz in general, to put it shortly : Garaz sen razy dŠl-dŠ = To put it shortyly, you don't agree garbak-gurbak etmek to bite, eat some garbamak to suffice garbanmak to bite, eat some garygaØ fellow gardaº brother garderob r. wardrobe garga crow, raven gargy reed, rush gargyº damnation garjaºmak to get mixed up, confused garjaºyk hoarse gark bilmak to drown garlawa swallow (bird) garly snowy garma-gŸrmelik chaos, confusion garmak to mix with, shuffle garmon r. accordian garnizon r. garrison garnuw dash, pinch (in cooking) garnym ditch garpyºmak to be coupled with, to clamp on to garpyz watermelon : Ker garpuz iØ! = Eat a piece of watermelon! garramak to age garraºmak to get a little older garratmak to make old : Agyr zŠhmet ony Turkmen/English Dictionary 22 garradyrdyr = Hard work aged him garry 1. old, aged 2. old person garrygyz Old Girl (a variety of melon) garrylyk age, old age garsamak to put garsylyk obstacle garºy 1. against, adjoining 2. to meet, greet : Olary– garºysyndan babam ykdy = My grandfather went to meet them 3. constantly : Ol okuwa garºy gijŠ galyp gelmek = He always comes late to study garºy cykmak to disagree, object garºydaº adversary garºyldamak to greet, meet garºylyk gšrkezme protest garºylyk gšrkezmek to protest garºylyk obstacle, opposition garta– grown : Bu telpek seni garta– gšrkezØŠr = This hat makes you look older gartaºmak to grow old garym-gatym disorderly garyn stomach : Meni– garynym a = I'm hungry garyndaº relative garyndaºsyramak to be related garyndy dash, pinch (in cooking) garynja ant garyp poor : garyp adam = poor person garyplyk poverty garyº a unit of measurement equal to the width of a hand from the outside of the thumb to the outside of the little finger garyºdyrmak to mix, mix in garyºmak to be mixed garyºyk mixed gassap butcher gastrol r. tour (artistic) gastronom r. gourmet gasyk groin, pubis gasyn wrinkle gaº 1 1. eyebrow 2. before : gaºynda durmak = to stand before gaº 2 encrustations, inlayed stones gaºamak to scratch gaºba-gaº face to face (lit. brow to brow) gaºlamak to inlay, encrust gat layer, floor : iki gat jaØ = two-story house gatakar rapids gatalkmak to raise, strengthen : Ol sesi–i galtalkmali = He should raise his voice gatamak 1. to harden 2. to grow stale gatan share, portion gatbar-gatbar many-floored gatla dam, dike gatlak layer gatlakly layered gatlamak to deposit, add a layer gatmak 1. to add 2. to mix gatnamak to be going (on a regular basis) gatnaºmak to participate in, attend : Men lektsiØalara gatnaºdym = I attended the lectures gatnaºyjy participant gatnaºyk relation: dostlukly gatnaºyk = friendly relations gatnaw 1. movement, traffic : HŠzir ºaheri– kšelerinde gatnaw uly = There's a lot of movent on the streets today 2. communication, route gatnawy route gaty I. 1. hard, strong 2. stale : gaty šrek = stale bread 3. loud II. 1. very, extremely, a lot : Ol gaty gordy = He was very afraid 2. well-done : gaty biºirilen Øumurtga = hard-boiled egg gatyk soft milk product like yoghurt gatylyk hardness gatyr mule gatyrganmak to anger gatyºyk various gawun melon gaØ storm gaØa crag, cliff gaØamak to embroider gaØcy scissors gaØylamak to cut with scissors gaØduwsyz intrepid, fearless gaØdym derejesi gram. passive voice gaØdyp forward, beyond gaØdyºyn return, way back : GaØdyºyn size degip geepin = I'll stop by on the way back gaØgy etmek to worry gaØgy worry, sadness gaØgyly sad, worrisome gaØgyrmak to pity, feel sorry for gaØky strutting, with one's chest puffed out gaØma embroidery gaØmak 1. cream 2. [a:] to soar gaØmakly creamy gaØmalamak 1. to sew 2. [a:] to whirl, spin around : ‚agajik enesini– daºynda gaØmalap Øšrdi = The child whirled around its mother gaØmalaºmak [a:] to hurry about, bustle, make a fuss gaØnag boiled : Men di–e gaØnag suw imeli = I must drink only boiled water gaØnamak to boil gaØnatmak to boil (something) : Sen suw gaØnatØa–my? = Are you boiling water? gaØra north-east gaØragolulmasyz urgent gaØralmak 1. to worsen 2. to move backward gaØramak to hone, sharpen gaØrat strength, hutzpah gaØratlanmak to buck up, get gutsy gaØry different gaغarmak to sag, cave in gaغartmak to bend, bend back, indent Turkmen/English Dictionary 23 gaØta 1. time(s) : Kitaby birnŠe gaØta okadym = I read the book a few times 2. just the opposite : Ùagyº di–mŠn, gaØta gŸØlenØŠrdi = The snow didn't slacken – just the opposite – it got stronger gaØtalanmak to be repeated gaØtalaºdyrmak to review, repeat several times : …Ø iºleri–izi gaØtalaºdyry– = Review your homework gaØtalmak to repeat gaØtandan anew, again : GaØtadan geli–! = Come again! gaØtargy change (money) gaØtarma 1. negative command or gerrund form of gaØtarmak 2. A young wife who returns to her family for a short time after a month of marriage gaØtarmak to give back, return gaØtawul rebuff, repulse : Duºmana gaØtawul berdik = We repulsed the enemy gaØybana externally, by correspondence gaØyk boat gaØym firm, tough : gaØym aga = solid wood gaØyn in-law, in-laws : gaØyn ata = father-in-law gaØyº leather gaØzykmak to become weather-beaten, chapped gaz gas gaz [a:] goose Gazak Kazahk gazan big palow pan gazan earnings gazana [a:] pot gazanly profitable gazanmak to earn gazap anger gazaplandyrmak to make angry gazaplanmak to get angry gazaply angry gazet r. newspaper gazganak pothole : Ùol durºuna gazganak = The road is full of potholes gazly carbonated, gassy : gazly suw = carbonated water gazmak to dig gazyk peg geelge passage geginli popular, soughtafter gei goat : Gei ØŸwrŸp, keØik bolmaz = A very fast goat won't be a gazelle : GeŠ jan gaØgy, gassaba – Øag : The goat loves life, the butcher loves fat geiriji conductor geirimli merciful, charitable geirmek 1. to conduct, run, control 2. to translate : Turkmendiline geiri–! = Translate to Turkmen! 3. to reschedule, set a new time geis transition gemek 1. to pass 2. to begin, start : TŠze tema geØŠris = We're starting a new theme 3. to pardon, forgive 4. used as a helping verb like the English "through" : deºip gemek = to pierce through : okap gemek = to read through gemiº the past : yzak gemiº = the distant past gedam proud, arrogant gedaØ 1. poor 2. beggar, poor person gedaØlaºmak to impoverish gedemlik arrogance gegemoniØa r. hegemony gektar r. hectacre gele–sizlik carelessness gelin 1. young girl 2. sisterin-law, bride gelinalyjy wedding caravan gelinbarmak grapes (specifically, Lady's Finger, a long a sweet variety of grape) gelingyz young bride, girl gelip ykmak to originate gelip ykyº origin geliºmek to go with, suit : Bu kšØnek sa–a geliºmeØŠr = That dress doesn't suit you geljek future : Bagtly geljek hakynda arzuw etØŠrin = I wish for a happy future : geljek Øyl = next year gelmek 1. to come, arrive 2. to bear, carry 3. sometimes used as a modal verb with the -yp/-ip gerrund form : alyp gelmek = to bring : uup gelmek = to fly in 4. used to describe wants and desires : Ùatasym gelØŠr = I want to sleep : Ony– alasy– gelØŠr = She wants to cry gelnalyjy wedding procession gelneje bride gelºik beauty gelºikli beautiful gelºiksiz disadvantageous, hideous : Bu gelºiksiz iº = This is thankless work gelºiksizlik disadvantage gelºin the opposite way gemirek cartilidge gemirmek to gnaw, nibble gemiºek foreigner gemrijiler rodents general r. general (military) genial r. brilliant, eminent geniØ r. genius ge– strange, surprising, weird ge–eº advice ge–eºmek to advise ge–irgendirmek to surprise, startle ge–irgenmek to be surprised, startled ge–lemek to seem strange geograf r. geographer geografiØa r. geography geologiØa r. geology geometriØa r. geometry gep talk, conversation, parlance : dogry gep = honest words, straight talk gep-gŸrrŸ– conversation, talk gepi busy-body, gossip geplemek to speak geplemek to speak geplemezlik silence geplemºek talky, conversational gepleºik 1. negotiations 2. spoken, negotiated Turkmen/English Dictionary 24 gepleºikler negotiation(s) gepleºmek 1. to converse, talk gepletmek to allow to speak : Ol meni gepletdi = He allowed me to speak gerb emblem gerbariØ r. barbarism gerbli stamped, official gerden shoulder(s) geregie so much, as much as is needed gerek necessary, needed : Sa–a nŠme gerek? = What do you need? (lit. What is needed to you?) gereklemek to want gerekli necessary, needed : Ùany– bilen i– gerekli zatlary–y aldy = He took the most necessary things gereksiz unnecessary gerim 1. in a big way, in a grand style 2. great strides gerinmek to sip geriº back, spine gerk-gŠbe enough, a lot of germek to put up, set up germemek to obstruct germew obstruction gero r. hero getirmek to fetch, bring : Bu sa–a zyØan getirjek = That will bring you harm geØdirmek to dress (somebody) : Ol gyzy–a tŠze kšØnek geØdirdi = She put a new dress on her daughter geØim clothes geØim-eºik clothes geØim-gejim clothes geØindirmek to dress (somebody) geØmek to dress (oneself) geØnŸwli well-dressed gezdirmek to take for a walk : Murat, iti gezdir! = Murat, take the dog for a walk! gezegine in turns, by turns gezek 1. time (as in "3 times") : GŸrrŸmisŸ–i indiki gezege goØarys = We're putting of talking until the next time 2. turn, move gezek-gezigine in turns, by turns gezekleºmek to alternate gezelen etmek to go for a walk, stroll gezelen stroll gezemek to aim gezende stroll gezer jog, trot gezim stroll gezmek 1. to stroll 2. to wander : Kšp Øurtlary gezdik = We wandered around a lot of countries gezmelemek to pass gŠdik breach, fracture gŠgirmek to belch, burp gŠmi ship gŠp scarecrow gŠtmek to break off, chop off gŠz dirt gŠzlemek to get dirty gibrid r. hybrid gi late : Ol sapagi–a gije geldi = He came late to class : Gi Øagºy! = Good evening! giki late gilemek to come late gilik evening gidiºin going, one way gidiºin-gaØdyºyn round trip gidiºini passing, incidental giew son-in-law, brother-inlaw gigiena r. hygiene gijara before sunset gije night gije-gŸndiz day and night gijeki adj. night giji itch gijikdirmek to make too late, to delay gijikmek to be late : Sen iºe gijikØŠri– = You're late to work gikilewik annoyance, itch gimn r. hymn gimnastika r. gymnastics gi– 1. wide, spacious 2. composed, easy-going (personality) gi–elmek to be widened gi–iº spacious, wide gi–leme expansion gi–lemek to expand gi–lik 1. width, gauge 2. latitude (geographical) gipdal whirlpool gipdeji income, revenue gipdenek tubby person, frump gips r. plaster girelge entrance girew deposity, security deposit giriº introduction giriºmek to begin giriºmek to embark upon girizmek to let in, bring in girmek to enter : Ol ºŠhere girØŠr = He's coming into town gitar guitar : alty kiriºli gitar = six string guitar gitdigie gradually, little by little gitmek 1. to go 2. used as a modal verb : Øykypyp gitmek = to collapse (lit. to go falling) gizlemek to be concealed, put away gizlenmek to conceal, put away gizlenpeek hide-and-seek gizligin secret gizlin secret, illegal, hidden globys r. globe gobsynmak to raise oneself, to stand up go 1. ram 2. ram-like (a compliment) : go Øygit = a bold and daring young man goduklamak to wobble, stagger goh 1. noise 2. scandal goja 1. old, ancient 2. an old man gojalyk age gojamak to age (said of men) gojaman ancient gol 1. hand, arm 2. signature 3. gulf gol ekmek to sign (to pull arm) golak handless, armless golandirly Dutch person golasty dependent, colonial Turkmen/English Dictionary 25 golaØ next, near, about : Ol iki aØa golaØ dien Øaly dyn aldy : He rested about two months : Bizi– golaØymizdan kanal geØŠr = A canal passes close to here. golaØda 1. not far 2. not long ago golaØlamak to approach golaØlyk closeness golaØynda at gola earthenware pot, pitcher golur offshoot goldamak to support, to aid goldaw support, aid gollamak to support gollanmak to be guided, to follow : InstruktsiØany gollanmady–! = You didn't follow instructions! golsuz 1. armless, handless 2. unsigned goltuk armpit golØazma manuscript gom storm gomparmak to put on airs, become full of oneself gompy conceited, arrogant gonamylyk graveyard gon trouser-leg gondyrmak to land (a plane) gonmak to land : Kepderi tama gondy = The dove landed on the roof go–ak dandruff go–ralmak to turn brown go–ºy neighbor, neighboring go–ºy-golan neighbor go–ur brown go–ursamak to smell strongly (like burning rubber) goparmak to pull out, tear off gopbamsy arrogant, conceited gopgun noise, din, fracas gopmak to fall out, fall off gopuz mouth harp gor ferment, leaven gorag 1. protection 2. fence goragy protector goramak to protect, defend goranmak to be protected goraØyº protection goritsa r. mustard gorizontal r. horizontal gorka timidity gorkak shy, timid gorkaklyk cowardice gorkmak to be afraid gorkuly 1. frightening, dangerous 2. frightened gorkun 1. frightening, dangerous 2. monster gorkuzmak to scare gorky fear, fright gorp ditch gorsamak to turn (a corner) gorsanmak to be unsettled gorºok r. pot, potty gosgy poem, poetic gospital r. hospital goº things, property, belongings goº-gola– property, belongings goºa two, a pair goºant contribution goºar wrist goºawu handful goºma compound goºmaa 1. addition, appendage 2. appendix goºmak to add, add on, append : goºmak almaty = addition sign, plus goºtorba knapsack goºulma suffix, ending goºulyjy component goºun army goºunylyk military service gotan pelican gotaz tassel gotur 1. pitted, pockmarked 2. mangy, scabby gow snake scales gowa waterskin gowaa cotton gowak cave gowga din, racket gowgaly troubled, disturbed gowlamak to make a bed gowrak more than gowºak weak gowºamak to weaken gowºatmak to make weak gowºuramak to convey, deliver gowulandyrmak to make better, improve gowularmak to get better gowulaºmak to make better gowulyl goodness, good gowurma preserved meat that was fried in fat- something like jerky or hard tack gowurmak to fry gowuºmak 1. to give 2. to reach, make it to : Olar Aºgabada gowuºdylar = They reached Ashgabat gowuz not full gowy good, well gowy gšrmek to like, be fond of gowylandyrmak to improve gowylyk goodness gowzalmak to decrease, get rid of goØalamk to thicken goØazy serious goØbermek 1. to let go 2. used as a modal verb to signify reflexive or involuntary actions : Ol muny aØdyp goØberdi = He let this slip from his toungue by accident, He said this goØbolsun etmek to repeal, abolish goØŠ as if, as though goØmak 1. to put 2. to put forward, submit 3. used as a modal verb signifying a completed action : alyp goØmak = to make a purchase : edip goØmak = to get (something) done goØry dense, thick goØulmak to be placed, given goØulyk thickness, density goØum deposit, investment goØun sheep goØy dense, thick goza cotton boll gozgala– 1. uprising 2. unease, disquiet : Ondan gozgala–a duºØŠrin = That makes me feel uneasy, that disturbs me gozgala–y rebel, mutineer gozgamak to move (something) gozganmak to move (oneself) gšbek belly-button Turkmen/English Dictionary 26 gš 1. move, turn (in chess or checkers) 2. nomadic camp gšgŸnli jumpy, excited gšme mobile, transitory gšmek to move, to go somewhere else : Gš-aØ! = C'mon, move! (Heard often in buses) gšŸrmek 1. to move (something) 2. fig. to copy gšdek rude gšgerin wild dove gšgermek 1. to grow, rise, come up 2. to become blue or green gšjek clay ball (used for slingshots) gšk 1. blue 2. green 3. sky : Gškde eke-je bulut Øok = There's not a single cloud in the sky gšk šnŸm vegetable gšl central design, symbol in a Turkmen carpet gšle calf (young cow) gšm-gšk bluest, completely blue gšmelteØ directly, immediately gšmmek to fill in gšmŸk filled gšn leather gšnelmek to straighten out gšnenilik pleasure gšnenmek to get pleasure, benefit gšni straight, direct gšnŸburluk mat. right angle gšnŸkdirmek to direct gšnŸkme exercise (in a book) gšnŸlmek 1, to go straight 2. to speak directly gšnŸme directions gšnŸmek to be directed gšnŸmel straightforward gšr grave, tomb gšre pupil (of the eye) gšredeli model, example gšreº wrestling gšreºmek to fight, wrestle gšrŠ 1. by comparison : Ol sa–a gšrŠ daØawrak = By comparison to you, he's healthy 2. by, according to : seni– aØtmagy–a gšrŠ = by your words, according to your words gšrgi suffering, torture gšrgŸli unfortunate person gšrgŸlik torture : Bu nŠ gšrgŸlik! = What torture this is! gšrip envious gšrk beauty : Gšrk gšz bilen agyzda = Beauty is in the eyes and the mouth gšrkana 1. nice 2. pretty, picturesque gšrkezgi indicator gšrkeziji index, exponent gšrkezmek to show gšrksŸz not pretty gšrme-gšrŸº visit gšrmegoØ nice gšrmek 1. to see (in various senses: to meet, to understand, to figure out) 2. as a modal verb, implying attempt or dare Men dadyr gšrdim = I tried (dared) to taste it, I tasted it gšrnetin plain to see, obvious gšrnŸkli visible, eminent, attractive gšrnŸº 1. look, appearance 2. form, shape 3. kind, type 4. view, scene 5. gram. aspect gšrŸbilmezilik jealousy gšrŸnmek to appear, to seem gšrŸº vision gšrŸºmek to meet, greet gštergimek 1. to raise above 2. to extol gštermek to pick up gštsbogma whooping cough gšwher pearl gšwnayk open-hearted, artless gšwnamek 1. to agree with, desire : Ol bizi– bilen gitmŠge gšbnŠnok = He doesn't want to go with us, He has not agreed to go with us gšwnejaØ with spirit gšwnetmek to persuade, talk into gšwnŸne degilmek to be offended gšwnŸne degmek to offend gšwnŸne gotermek to cheer up gšwre trunk, torso gšwreli pregnant gšwrŸm volume gšwrŸmli voluminous, sizable gšwºŸl dilapidated (used of clothing) gšwŸn soul, spirit gšwŸnje– desirous of, wanting to : Men gitmŠge gšwŸnje– dŠl = I don't want to go gšwŸnly spirited : kii gšwŸnly = mean-spirited gšwŸnsiz disinterested, not desirous gšwŸs breast gšØduk sickly, puny gšz 1. eye 2. glance 3. vision 4. peephole gšz š–Ÿnde tutmak to aim gšz Øaº teardrop gšz-gšrtele obvious, patent gšz-gulak bolmak to watch over (lit, to be eyes and ears) gšzbagy hypnotizer gšzbaº spring, source gšzbaºy origin gšzboØagylyk deception gšzdandy blindman's bluff (game) gšzeg care gšzel pretty, nice gšzellik beauty gšzenek grating, lattice gšzgyny pathetic, pitiable gšzleg research gšzlemek to search, search for gšzØ as if gšzØaº teardrop gradus degree(s) (of temperature) grafa r. graph grafik r. draughtsman grafim r. decanter grajjdan r. citizen gram r. gram grammatik r. grammatical grammatika r. grammar granat r. grenade Turkmen/English Dictionary 27 grek hozy walnut grek r. Greek grim r. make-up grip r. flu gruppa r. gruppa gruzin r. Georgian gruzovik r. truck gubur tomb guda son-in-law or daughter-in-law's father or mother gudrat miracle, marvel guduz 1. mad, rabid 2. fig. mischeivous gujak 1. embrace 2. armfull gujaklamak to embrace gujaklaºmak to embrace gujur force, energy gujurly energetic gujursyz weak gulak asmak to listen attentively gulak ear(s) gulak salmak to listen attentively gulluk service gulluky servant gulmak to pour gulp lock gulpak corn silk gulplamak to lock gum 1. sand 2. desert gum-gulluk not a soul gumak sandy guna bud (of a flower) gundag swaddling clothes gunduz otter gunuºmak to whip up, inspire gupba traditional Turkmen girl's headpiece, made of metal and worn over a skullcap guradylan dried guragyryly rheunatism gurak arid gural instrument, tool : saz gurallary = musical instruments gurama organization guramay organizer guramak I. to organize II. [u:] to dry out guranmak to be put together gurat 1. corrected, improved 2. fattened (of sheep) guratlyk improvement gurbaga frog gurban sacrifice : gurban baØram = festival of the sacrifice (major holiday whichcelebrates the covenant of Abraham) gurbat ability gurbatly able guruk worm gurgun healthy, well gurjak doll, toy : Gyzjagazlar gurjak oØnaØarlar = The little girls play with dolls gurjurly forceful gurluº construction gurluºlyk construction gurluºyky carpenter gurmak 1. to build, create 2. to set : gapgan gurmak = to set a trap gurp ability gurplanmak to become strong, able gurply 1. strong, able 2. well-off gursak breast gurºaw hoop gurºawmak to enclose, encircle gurºun lead (metal) gurt I. [u:] wolf II. [u:] worm, maggot III. ball of dried curds : Ol gurt bolup oturdy = He was curled up in a ball, huddled up gurtlamak to become wormy gurultaØ assembly, conference, convention, gathering gurulyk dryness gurum soot guruºmak to get numb : Meni– aØaklarym gurºupdyr = My legs fell asleep gury dry gus-gury absolutely dry, the driest gusmak to throw up, puke, vomit gussa sorrow guº bird guºak belt : Ol guºagy–y da–dy = He fastened his belt guºaklyk 1. waist 2. geog. belt guºamak to tie with a belt guºulyk poultry gutap pastry, pie gutarmak 1. to finish, to end 2. used as a modal verb to express completion : gazyp gutarmak = to finish digging, to dig out gutarnykly final, last gutaryº conclusion gutlag congratulations gutlamak to congratulate gutly bolsun! Happy ... ! : TŠze Øul gutly bolsun! = Happy New Year! gutulgysyz hopeless gutulmak to recover guty box guwan pride guwanmak to be proud of guØgu funnel guØma casting (metal) guØmak to pour, pour in guØruk tail guØy well, shaft guzaØ shady side guzlamak to calve (used of cows, cats, sheeps, and some other animals) guzla––y productive, fastbreeding guzy lamb gŸberek protruding, bulging, convex gŸbermek to swell up, inflate gŸbŸrdemek to thunder, roar gŸe moth gŸje–lemek to tantalize, tease gŸjŸk puppy gŸl 1. flower 2. rose 3. ornament 4. cataract 5. curl, flourish gŸlaby a kind of melon gŸldŸrmek to make laugh gŸlŠlek red poppy gŸlki laughter : Meni– gŸlkim tutØar = This makes me laugh gŸlkŸli funny, humorous gŸlkŸn ridiculous, funny, humorous gŸlle blooming gŸllemek to bloom gŸlmek to laugh Turkmen/English Dictionary 28 gŸlŸmjiremek to grin gŸlŸºmek to laugh (of large groups) gŸlØaka traditional Turkmen brooch inlayed with stones gŸlzar flower bed gŸm bol! Get out of here! Be gone! gŸmana doubtful, uncertain, hardly possible : Olu– geljegi-gelmejegi gŸmana = It's uncertain if he'll come or not gŸmmez cupola, dome gŸmmŸrdemek to thunder, roar gŸmpŸldi gunshot (sound of a) gŸmrŸk import/export duty, customs gŸmrŸkhana customs house gŸmŸr-ØamŸr etmek to have a little chat gŸmŸr-yamyr chit-chat gŸmŸrtik unconsidered, sloppy : gŸmŸrtik jogap = thoughtless answer gŸn 1. sun 2. day: gŸneºli gŸn = sunny day gŸn tertibi agenda gŸnasa every other day gŸnaºa all day, in a day gŸnbatar west gŸndelik diary gŸndiz daytime gŸndizine daytime gŸndizki daily, daylight gŸndogar east, eastern gŸne Øanmak to get sunburnt gŸnebakar sunflower gŸneº sunshine gŸneºlemek to sunburn gŸneºli sunny : GŸneºli TŸrkmenistana hoº geldi– iz! = Welcome to sunny Turkmenistan! gŸnŠ fault, crime, sin : Onu– nŠme gŸnŠsi bar? = What has he done wrong? gŸnŠkŠr guilty one gŸnŠkŠrlemek to blame : Men ony hi zat Ÿin gŸnŠkŠrlŠmok = I don't blame him for anything gŸnŠli guilty gŸnŠsiz blameless, innocent gŸnin one day gŸnorta south, southern gŸnortan noon : Ol gŸnortan enli Øatdy = He slept until noon gŸnortanlyk nahar dinner, lunch gŸnsaØyn daily gŸnŸ– dogmagy sunrise gŸnŸ– Øaºmagy sunset gŸnŸzin all day : Men gŸnŸzin iºlemok = I have not worked all day gŸ– deaf gŸplemek to boast gŸpŸrdemek to stamp gŸr thick, dense gŸrlemek to say, speak gŸrma bolmak to be captivated, fascinated gŸrpŸldemek to crash gŸrpŸrdi stamping, rumble gŸrrŸldemek to roar, thunder gŸrrŸ– talk, conversation, discussion gŸrrŸ–deº partner in conversation gŸrrŸ–deºmek to converse gŸrrŸ–siz 1. wordless, unspoken 2. certain, sure gŸrsŸldemek to thump, beat gŸrsŸldi heartbeat gŸrŸm-jŸrŸm bolmak to vanish, disappear : Sen nirŠ gŸrŸm-jŸrŸm boldu– ? = Where did you disappear to? gŸw swan gŸwŠ guarantee gŸwwŸldemek to buzz, hum gŸØ strength, power gŸØlenmek to strengthen gŸØli 1. strong 2. capable gŸØgŸ ladel gŸØjemek to strengthen, intensify (of weather) gŸØlmek to tie up (specifically, to tie an animal's four legs together) gŸØmemek 1. to entertain, amuse 2. to detain, distract, delay gŸØmenje amusing gŸØmenmek 1. to be amused 2. to be detained gŸØz fall, autumn gŸzap torture gŸzer ford gŸzeran life, existence gwardiØn r. guard gybat gossip gybatkeº gossipper gybatkeº scandalmonger gygyrmak to gab, chatter, whistle, cry out gygyryºmak to shout back and forth gyjak Turkmen national musical instrument, vaguely resembling a violin gyjalat reproach gyjyk tickle : Gyjygym gelØer = It tickles me gyjyklamak to tickle gyjynmak to irritate gyk-bak etmek to shout, make a noise gykylyk noise, scream gykylyklamak to make noise gyl voice gylaw edge, blade gylyk tiny fishbones gyldyrgan splinter gyllyk spit gylØal horse gyly saber gylyk 1. character 2. habit gymmat expensive gymmatlamak to raise a price, prices gymmatly expensive, valuable gymyldamak to budge, stir gymyldamak to stir gymyldy flutter, small movement : Øapraklary– gymyldysy = fluttering leaves gyn scabbard gynamak to distress, bring grief to gynan regret gynanly grieved, sorrowful gynanmak to regret gynansamda unfortunately gy–a shawl, big scarf gy–ak little slice, crust (of bread) gy–yr angry, malicious gyp-gyzyl reddest Turkmen/English Dictionary 29 gypjyndyrmak 1. to overstretch, strain 2. to frighten away gypmak to wink gyr I. steppe II. [y:] gray (of horses) gyra border, coast gyrade– the same, exactly gyraky extreme, outer gyraw frost gyrgy hawk, merlin gyrgyn mass death gyrgynylyk slaughter, carnage gyrkmak to slaughter, cut down gyrkymy slaughterer gyrmak I. to kill : A saklap gyrdarys = We're dying of hunger II. to wear down, grate, rub off gyrmalamak to fill (to the rim) gyrmana silt, gratings gyrmyzy red, pink gyrty to clear off, clear up gyrylmak I. to kill II. to be straining, bursting gyrymsy stunted gyryndy shavings gyryz Kirghiz gysa vice (mechanical gripping device) gysby tight gysga short gysgaa briefly gysgaltmak to shorten gysgan 1. miser 2. greedy, miserly gysgy princers, tongs gysmak to grip, press gysmyljyramak to press up against gyssag urgently gyssagara haste, hurry gyssagly urgent, hurried gyssamak to hurry gysym handful, clutch gysymlamak to grab gysyr barren gyº winter gyºarmak 1. to lean, slant 2. to diverge gyºarnyksyz unswerving, steadfast gyºartmak to bend, distort gyºlag wintering gyºyk curve gyºyna wintertime gyt rare gytalmak to be in short supply : ºu gŸnler bazarda kŠºir gytalypdyr = These days carrots are scarce at the bazaar gyØa oblique, slanting gyØak splinter, shard gyØk sheep dung gyØkundy rags, scraps gyØmak to cut gyz [y:] 1. girl 2. daughter gyzamyk cerebral cortex gyzarmak to redden gyzdyrmak 1. to heat : GŸn Øeri gyzdyrØar = The sun heats the land 2. to intensify 3. to have a temperature gyzgala–ly intense gyzgyn 1. hot 2. intense 3. temperature : Meni– gyzgynym bar = I have a temperature gyzgynlyk intensity, heat gyzma hot-tempered gyzmak 1. to heat 2. to be fascinated with gyzmalyk heat gyzykdyrmak to be interesting to : Ony sport gyzykdyrØardy = Sports were interesting to him gyzyklandyrmak to interest gyzyklanmak to be interested gyzykly interesting gyzykmak to be fervoured, impassioned gyzyksiz boring gyzyl I. red II. gold gyzylšdek anat. esophagus, gullet gyzyºmak to warm, heat gyzzyrma malaria H habar 1. news 2. mark, note, item 3. knowledge 4. gram. predicate habar etmek to inform habar tutmak to get news habary correspondent habardar notification, advice habarlaºmak to exchange news, get news habarly expert, versed habarlyk gram. predicate ha cross haan when hadys prophecy hadysa 1. event, occurence 2. phenomenon hahahaØlamak to roar with laughter hajat need, want hajathana toilet ha££uk lizard hak I. correct, right II. 1. right, privilege 2. fee, wages 3. lot, fate hak-hukuk right, privilege haklaºmak to get even with, settle accounts hakly bolmak to be entitled to hakyda memory, rememberance hakykan reality hakykat 1. truth 2. reality hakykatdan really, in truth hakyky genuine hakynda about hal I. 1. health 2. strength, force, power, might 3. dialect II. birthmark, mole hal-ahwal health, situation, need halal just, righteous, pure, godly halamak to like halas bolmak to take refuge halas free halaºmak to like (one another) halat time, season halk 1. people, nation 2. people's, popular, folk 3. crowd, mob halk citizens, people Turkmen/English Dictionary 30 halka 1. loop 2. ring 3. environment, circle, company halkara international halkylyk nationality halkyØet nationality halta sack halwa helva, a Turkish dessert haly carpet halyy carpet maker halypa teacher, master halys totally ham animal skin hamala as it were, as if, as though hammam bath-house hamyr dough hamyrmaØa leavening, fermented dough hamyrturºy leavening, fermented dough hamyt collar, harness hamytlamak to collar, harness han ruler hanha there, over there hantama expectation hantamaylyk expectation hany I. where? II. well now, then ha–latmat to open, open wide hapa I. 1. dirt, mud 2. trash II. indecent, obscene hapalamak to dirty hapalanmak to get dirty hapalyk destruction haplamak to pour over, to scald hapysa slovenly, careless haraba ruins harajat etmek to spend, expend, use up harakteristika r. characteristic haram prohibited, forbidden haramzada rascal, imp harap spoiled, broken, depraved haraplamak to spoil, to break down harasat hurricane haraØ help, aid haraz mill harby military, war harby ØagdaØ martial law harbylaºdyrmak to militarize har expense, expenditure harlamak to spend, expend, waste harlamak to waste harlamak to neglect, disdain harma-harp literal, verbal harman flour harp alphabet letter harplyk alphabet book, kindergarten primer harpyk chaff hars : hars urmak to develop, make, evolve harsal coarse, crude, gross, rough harsallyk roughness haryt good, commodity harytlar products, goods has I. very II. peculiar, specific, characteristic hasa 1. [has‡] staff, stick 2. [h‡sa] gauze hasabat account of, report hasamak to tally up hasap 1. account, count, tally 2. inventory, calculation 3. arithmetic, mathematics hasap bermek to give an account hasap etmek to take into account, calculate hasapy accountant hasaplamak 1. to count in, consider 2. to calculate, compute 3. to rate, value, estimate hasaplanmak to be regarded, considered, taken into account hasaplaºmak to get even with, to settle accounts hasrat grief, distress, trouble, disaster, misfortune hassa sick, ill hassalamak to be ill hassalyk illness, disease, sickness hasyl harvest hasylly 1. fruitful 2. fertile hasyr-husur quickly, soon haºal weed haºam adornment, decoration haºamlamak to adorn, decorate hat 1. letter 2. writing 3. note, slip, letter, memo 4. handwriting 5. document hat-habar news hat-sowat reading and writing hatar durmak to stand in order, stand in file hatar I 1. row, line, file 2. order, array 3. in line II. danger, risk hatarlamak to be in order hatarly dangerous hatda even hatyra respect, esteem hatyrdamak to crunch hatyrjem relaxed, sure, certain, calm hawa yes haØ-kŸº etmek 1. to calm, soothe, reassure 2. to censure haØa embarassment, confusion haØal slow, slowly haØal-Øagallyk etmek to delay, linger, hesitate haØallamak 1. to weaken, slacken 2. to deteriorate haØallatmak to slow down, reduce, delay haØallyk slowness haØasyz shameless, indecent haØat fence, wall haØbat threat, menace haØdamak to do quickly, to rush haØdatmak to drive, urge, hurry up haØkylyk cry, outcry, shout haØkyrmak to cry out, shout, scream haØp used like the English "Unfortunately...", or "It's a shame..." haØran galmak to admire haØran suprise, astonishment haØsy which haØwan animal haØwanat adj. animal haØwanat bagy zoo haØØar clamorous, scandalous Turkmen/English Dictionary 31 haØØarlyk scandal haØykmak to be afraid of haØyn traitor haØynlyk treason haØyr 1. benefit, use 2. profit, gain 3. assistance, aid, help haØyrlanmak to make use of, take advantage of haØyrly 1. beneficial, helpful haØyº etmek to request, ask for haØyº request hazlamak to howl hazyna 1. treasury 2. treasure heder fear, risk, peril hek 1. lime 2. chalk hekaØa story hekaØat 1. story 2. even, occurence hekgermek 1. to let in 2. to be provoked, be vexed heklemek to bleach, whitewash heleØ woman, wife helŠk bolmak to perish helŠkilik 1. catastrophe 2. torment, suffering helŠklemek to torment, torture, vex, worry hellewlemek to loom hem too, also hemaØat etmek to provide help hemaØat help, aid hemiºe 1. always 2. earlier, former, first, before hemiºelik permanent hemme all, every hemmetaraplaØyn compreh ensive hemra 1. fellow traveller 2. life-long companion heniz until now, yet, still he– I. tune, melody II. mold he–kirmek to cry out, shout, scream he–lemek to get moldy hepbik snare, noose hepde week hepdeleØin week-long hepdelik 1. weekly 2. per week her every, all hereket etmek to move hereket movement herketlendirmek to move hernŠ 1. as it were 2. sometimes 3. always herrelmek to cry out angrily hersi every heºelle kakmak to exult het 1. limit, boundary, border 2. boldness, courage hetdenaºa excessive heØ I. "really?" , "is that possible?" II. "hey!" heØgenek scrambled eggs heØkel statue hezel etmek to enjoy hezel pleasure hezil interesting, captivating, pleasing hezillik amusement, entertainment, pleasure hezzet hospitality hezzet-hormat respect, esteem hezzetlemek to show, provide hospitality hŠ oh, oh yes hŠkim mayor hŠkimiØet authority, power, rule, regime hŠli 1. long ago 2. not long ago 3. still, yet, for now hŠli-ºindi endlessly, without conclusion hŠsiØet 1. character 2. property hŠsiØetlendirmek to characterize, mark hŠzir 1. now, at present 2. ready, prepared hŠzirki modern, contemporary, present hŠzirki zaman gram. present tense hŠzirlemek to prepare hŠzirlike for the time being, meanwhile hi nothing hikirdemek to snicker, giggle hikirdi giggle, snicker hil quality, style hile 1. cunning, craftiness hilegŠr cunning fellow, dodger hilegŠrlik craftiness, cunning hili-bir hili 1. homogeneous 2. somwhat himiki r. chemical himiØa r. chemistry hin hole, burrow hi––ildik swing hi––ilik swing hirurg r. surgeon hirurgik r. surgery hiØ I. "really?" , "is that possible?" II. "hey!" hojalyk ownership hojalyky housekeeper hojaØyn host, master hokga craftiness, cunning hokkeØ r. hockey hokurdamak 1. to gurgle 2. to crunch hol as such, like that holha there, over there holodilnik r. refrigerator honha there, over there ho–karmak to gape ho–uldamak to grumble, growl hopba bolmak to climb hopmak to fall in, fall off hopukmak 1. to gasp, choke 2. to be frightened, scared of hopurdatmak to drink hor ekmek to snore hor I. 1. thin, scrawny, lean, skinny 2. poor II. snore, snore III. r. chorus, choir horaz cock horkuldamak 1. to sob 2. to grunt horlamak I. to snore, snort II. 1. to exhaust, use up 2. to torment horlanmak 1. to grow thin 2. to organize horluk ekmek to suffer horluk pain, torment, suffering horlyk ekmek to suffer hormat honor, esteem, respect hormatlamak to esteem, honor, respect hormatly honored, esteemed hortum trunk hossar 1. patron, guardian 2. trustee hossarlyk 1. trusteeship 2. relationship Turkmen/English Dictionary 32 hossarlyk etmek to patronize, protect hoº I. well, good, okay II. just, favorable III. bye hoºa bunch, cluster hoºal satisfactory hoºallyk satisfaction hoºamaØ pleasant, affable hoºamaØlyk pleasantness hoºbagt happy, fortunate, lucky hoºboØ aromatic, fragrant hoºlaºmak to take leave of, say goodbye hoºloºyk parting hoºniØetli benevolent hoºwagt joyful, merry howa ºary balloon howa weather, air howala airs howandar 1. relative, relation 2. patron, protector howandarlyk 1. relationship 2. patronage howatyr fear, apprehension, anxiety howaØy empty, void, vain, idle howda pond howlukdyrmak to hurry (someone) up howlukmak to hurry up howly yard howlykmak to rush, hurry howp danger howpsuzlyk security howsala alarm, warning, alert howsalaly alarming, disturbing howtyrlanmak to fear, beware of howul-hara 1. hasty, hurried 2. careless, negligent howur heat, fever, ardour howuz pond, pool hoz nut hozanaklamak to turn, revolve hšjet obstinate, stubborn hšjetlik stubborness hšdŸr 1. entertainment, food, drinks 2. offer, proposal, suggestion hšdŸr etmek to treat hšdŸrlemek 1. to treat, entertain 2. to offer, propose, suggest hškman imperative, necessary, mandatory hškmany necessity hškmany obligatory, compulsory hškmŸnde as hškŸm 1. order, command 2. sentence, verdict hškŸm sŸrmek to reign hškŸm sŸrmeklik reign hškŸmet government hšre-kšºe caress, affection hšre-kšºe etmek to calm, soothe, reassure hšrezek scarlet fever hštde gelmek to inquire, consult hšwes 1. desire (for) 2. interest, zeal hšwesje– willingly, gladly, with pleasure hšwesje–ler amateurs hšweslendirmek 1. to encourage 2. to arouse interest in hšweslenmek to become interested in hšwŸrtge nest hšwŸrtgelemek to next hšzir pleasure hronika r. chronicle hrustal r. crystal hudaØ God, Allah hudaØa okunma prayer hudo£nik r. artist hukuk bermek to entitle hukuk right, perogative hupbat pain, suffering hurma date hususan particular, peculiar hususy private husyt greedy, avaracious husytlyk greed huº memory hut I. just, very, exact, particular II. personal hutma-hut drawn (game) huwwalamak to lull hŸjŸm raid, attack hŸ££ermek to lull hŸmer crowd, concourse hŸmŸrdemek to murmur, mutter hŸnŠr trade, craft, occupation hŸnŠrment craftsman, artist hŸnŠrmentilik crafted, handmade hŸnji beads hŸ–Ÿrdemek to grumble, growl hŸ–Ÿrdi grumbling, growl hŸºgŠr vigilant, watchful, alert hŸºgŠrlik alertness hŸwdi lullaby hŸwdŸlemek to lull hŸwi zool. eagle owl hŸØt-gara–ky total darkness hyjuw passion hy££yldamak to rattle, speak hoarsely hyklamak to groan, moan hykyrdamak to chuckle, giggle hykyrdy laugh, chuckle, giggle hyllalla difficulty, trouble, embarassment hy–ranmak to growl hyrawa wild hyrdar hunter, lover of the wild hyrra quickly, soon hyrsy–y diºlemek to be annoyed, vexed hyrsyz evil, malicious, spiteful, angry hyrsyzlanmak to be angry, feel angry hyru passion hyryn-dykyn full, complete, absolute hyssyldamak to puff, pant, sweat hysyrdamak to endeavor, strive hysyrdy troubles, cares / businesses, commissions hyºy-wuºy rumoured hytyrdamak to crack, crunch hyØal 1. intention, design, purpose 2. dream, daydream hyØallanmak to intend hyØally imaginary, supposed hyØanat etmek to do evil, harm Turkmen/English Dictionary 33 hyØanat evil, harm, malice hyØanaty tresspassor hyØanatylyk tresspassing hyØar cucumber hyzlamak to buzz, hum hyzmat 1. service 2. merit 3. employment, duty hyzmat daºlyk coopertation, collaboration hyzmat etmek to serve, host hyzmat service hyzmatdaº partner hyzmatkŠr servant I ibermek to send i inside, intestine iagyry diarrhea ialy spy, traitor iege intestine ieri inside, within, inner region ierik insides ierki insides igeme diarrhea igi alcoholic drink igin very well iigara envious, evil (adj.) iigaralyk envy, evil iinde inside iinden from inside iirgi beverage host iirgilemek to saddle iirmek to cause to drink iki adj. inside iki-geØim undergarments ilekli baked meat pie ilik baked meat pie iliklik female underwear imek I. to drink II. man's sheepskin coat iØan scorpion ideal r. ideal idediji watchful ideg 1. tending, care 2. surveillance ideg-sorag 1. search 2. investigative, watchful ideklemek to hold in hand, rein in idemek 1. to search for 2. to inform about ideologik r. ideological ideologiØa r. ideology idetmek to grow ideØa r. idea idili good, true idioma r. idiom idiomatik r. idiomatic idirdetmek to drive, force forward, to shovel igde bot. igde ige file (tool) igelemek to file igen grumbling igenje– grumbling, quarrelsome igenje–lik grumbling, quarrelsome igenmek to grumble, be quarrelsome iglemek 1. to lose weght 2. to rust igli thin, skinny ik spindle ikatŠk cuckoo iki two iki-Øeke rarely ikibir in pairs, by pairs ikiŠk eye to eye ikigšwŸnli undecided, undetermined ikilen second time, again ikilik the number two, a "D" grade ikindi early evening ikindin late afternoon ikinji derejeli secondary ikinji second ikinjilik second place ikirjinlemek to think upon, mull over ikiØanlaØyn two-sided ikiØŸzli two-faced ikiØyllyk two-year, for a two year period ikuly with two meanings, double entendre il people il-gŸn people il-halk people ilat population ilatly populous ili ambassador ilihana embassy ildeº countryman ildirgi 1. clothes peg 2. jewelry worn on the forehead ildirmek to hang ileri 1. to the front 2. the southeast ileri bolmak=to heal, get better ilerik 1. in the front 2. to the southeast ilerki forward ilerlegini 1. in the front 2. to the southeast ilerlemek to move forward ileºler people ilgin salient, bold, dazzling ilik button iliºmek to hook Turkmen/English Dictionary 34 ilkagºam early evening ilki first, initial ilkibada from the first, initially ilkibaºda from the start, initially ilkidurmuº primordial, first existing ilkinji initial, primary ilkinjilik primary illØustrasiØa r. illustration illØustratiw r. illustrative ilmek to be fallen iltemek to hook ilteºmek to be hooked imeºik disheveled imeºmek 1. to be disheveled 2. tangled hair imi-sala peaceful, quiet imisalalyk peace, tranquility imperialistik r. imperialistic imperializm r. imperialism import r. import importirlemek r. to import imtilmek to covet, be jealous ine thin inekesel type of illness inelmek to become thin ineltmek to make thin inesagt thin (relevant to people) indeks r. index indemek to look for (someone) indermek to leap off indi 1. now 2. next, following indiki next indikile next time indoneziØaly r. Indonesian industrial r. industrial industrialaºdyrmak r. to industrialize industriØa r. industry indØuk r. turkey ine here you are ine-gana calmly inedšrdŸl fat man iner male camel infeksiØa r. infection infleksiØon r. inflection informasiØa r. information informasiØon r. information ini little brother inisiatiwa r. initiative injener r. engineer injenerlik r. engineering injik shin injir fig inkŠr etmek to deny inkubasion r. incubation inkubasiØa r. incubation inkubator r. incubator inli breadth inmek to appear suddenly insiz without breadth inspeksiØa r. inspection inspektor r. inspector institut r. institute instruksiØa r. instruction instruktor r. instructor integral r. integral intelligent r. intelligent intenasional r. international internat r. boarding school interwal r. interval interwensiØa r. intervention interwØu r. interview intizar bolmak to miss someone intonasiØa r. intonation inwalid r. invalid inwentor r. inventor i– most (superlative) i–irdemek to cause trouble i–irdi cause i–kis doubt i–lemek to moan i–lis English i–lise English language i––e needle i––e needle i––ebagjyk safety pin i––Šn very i––gildi to be lazy i––ildemek to whine i–rik dusk i–rik garalmak to get dark ir early ir-iØmiº vegetable(s) irden morning irgin hesitation irginsiz without hesitation irgšzin early morning dawn iri fine, small irinmek to be lazy iri– pus iri–lemek to become puslike iri–li pus-like iriºme hesitation, pause irizmek to annoy irki early, earlier irkilmek to fall asleep irlandiØaly Irish irlemek to make fine, small irmek to be tired irnik person who is difficult to please isleg boØuna at will isleg desire islege laØyk rational islemek to want islŠn any ispan Spanish isrip bolmak to spoil (food) istrebitel terminator, destroyer iº matter, affair, work iºbil high-heeled shoes iºi worker iºdes colleague iºdŠ appetite iºdŠ–iz ayk bolsun=bon appetit iºdŠmen glutton iºek young sheep (2 years old) iºe––ir hard-working iºger colleague iºgŠr colleague iºik door iºje– lover of work iºje–lik love of work iºlemek to work iºle––ir hardworking iºletmek to make someone work iºli busy iºlik verb iºmek to knit iºsiz unemployed iºsizlik unemployment it I. dog II. a push italØan Italian iteklemek to push itelemek to push itermek to push iteºen rash itigi pushy person itmek I. to push, shove II. itniºik crush, squash itniºmek to push & shove iØdirmek to feed, cause to eat iØermen glutton iØermenlik gluttony iØilmek to catch hold of iØm feed, animal food iØmek to eat Turkmen/English Dictionary 35 iØmek-imek food and drink, to eat and drink iØmiº fruit iØmit food, nourishment iØmitlendirmek 1. to feed 2. to nourish iØmitlenmek to be fed iØmlemek to feed iØul July iØun June izolirlemek to separate izolØasion r. isolation izolØasiØa r. isolation izolØator r. isolator izweºeniØe information izzildemek to moan, whine, make a fuss J jabjynmak to snap at, attack jady magic jadygšØ magician, wizard jadylamak to cast a spell jahan world jahyl ignorant, uneducated, inexperienced jahyllyk ignorance jakyrdamak to laugh jakyrdy laughter jala downpour, cloudburst, heavy rain jalbar pants jam I. bowl II. capsule jamal poet. visage, countenance jan 1. soul 2. life 3. individual 4. energy, vitality 5. dear, dear one jan etmek to do one's best jana-jan 1. cherished jankšer faithful, devoted janlandyrmak to refresh, bring to life janlanmak to come to life, to revive janly 1. alive 2. lively, active jansyz 1. lifeless, dead 2. fig. spy janykmak to try janypkeº industrious, dedicated, hardworking janypkeºlik dedication ja– bell ja– etmek to telephone ja––yrdamak to ring jar I. ravine, gulley II. information jarnama appeal, address jaØ I. building, dwelling II. right, correct, in place jaØlama burial jaØlamak to hide, conceal, bury jaØlaºdyrmak to house, make at home jaØlaºmak to be housed jaØlaºykly comfortable jaØryk crack, split, fissure jaØrylmak to crack, split jaØtarmak 1. to stick out, stand out 2. to stand on end jaØtartmak to stand (something) up jaØyrdamak to squeak (of a shoe) jaØyrdy squeak (made by a shoe) jazyrdamak to hiss, sputter jazyrdy hiss, sputtering jebir compulsion jebis boarded up, sealed tightly : gapyny jebis Øapmak = to board up a door jebisleºmek to seal tightly, to consolidate jebislik unison, consolidation jedel argument, debate jedel etmek to make a bet jedelleºmek to argue jedilli argumentative jedirdemek to jabber, gab jem 1. sum, total 2. all jemagat the public jemgyØet society jemgyØetilik social conscience, publicmindedness jemlemek to sum up jemleØji final jenaØat crime jenaØatcy criminal (noun) jenaØatylyk attack, criminal act jenaØatly criminal (adj) jenaØeakŠr attacker jenjel noise, scandal, debauche je––el jungle, forest, wilderness jepa ekmek to suffer, bear a burden jepa compulsion, burden jepakeº hard-working jepakeºlik love of hard work jeren "jeren", gazelle-like animal indigenous to Turkmenistan jerime fine, penalty jerime salmak to fine jet in disagreement, not on good terms jetleºmek to quarrel, argue (with someone) jetlik disagreement, bad feelings Turkmen/English Dictionary 36 jeza 1. punishment, penalty 2. retribution jeza bermek to punish jezalandyrmak to punish jŠgildemek to wail, cry (of a baby) jŠgildi wailing jŠhek edging, border, hem jŠhet point of view jŠjek 1. shard 2. sequin, spangle, glitter jigi younger brother jiglemek to skip a beat jikjiki warbler (bird) jikme-jik in great detail, minutely jilt binding, jacket, cover jiltlemek to bind (a book) ji–kermek to stare at : Sen nŠme ma–a ji–kerip seredØŠrsi–? = Why are you staring at me? jir chintz, calico, printed cotton cloth jisim 1. matter, mass 2. body jogap answer jogap bermek to answer jogapkar responsible jogapkŠrilik responsibility jogapkŠrli responsible jogapsyz 1. unanswerable 2. without permission jojuk piglet jojuklamak to farrow jokrama hot, sultry, burning jomart lavish, liberal jomartlyk liberalness, lavishness jontuk short, bob (of an animal's tail) jora friend (female to female) jorap socks joºgun flood joºgunly flooded, gushing joºmak 1. to overflow, gush 2. to be enthusiastic (about something) joØa irrigation ditch joØalmak to irrigate jšgi phony, fake, hypocritical (usually of a person) jšgŸlik hypocrisy jšwenek hail jšwza heat juda incredibly, extremely jugurdamak to rumble jul horse-cloth juwan youth, young people juwanlyk youth, adolescence jŸbi pocket jŸbŸt even in number jŸlge valley jŸmle expression jŸmmŸº 1. depth 2. fig. heart, center jŸmºŸldemek to go numb, tingle (i.e. of a person's legs) jŸmºŸldi tingling, "pins and needles" (when a limb goes numb) jŸrletmek to whistle jŸrlewŸk n. whistle jŸrŸndik spout (of a teapot) jŸØgŸldemek to peep (of chicks) jŸØgŸldy peep, squeak jŸØje chick jybar frosty, freezing jybarlamak to freeze, be frosty jyda dŸºmek to get better jygyldamak to squeak jygyldy squeak (i.e. of a mouse) jyklamak to peep at, spy upon jykyrdamak to laugh jylaw reins jylawlamak to rein in, hold back (something) jyn race, caste jynsparaz racist jynsparazlyk racism jy–kyny ykarmazlk to keep quiet, not let a word slip (about something) jy–kytmak to gulp down jy––yrdamak to call, ring jy––yrdatmak to call up, make a call jy––yrdy ringing, bell, tone jyzlamak to sizzle jyzyrdamak to fry, sizzle jyzzyk crackling, sizzling £ £anr r. genre £eton r. 1. token 2. medal £iraf r. giraffe £iwopis r. painting £onglØor r. juggler £onglØorlyk r. juggling £urnal r. journal, magazine £urnalist r. journalist £Øori r. jury Turkmen/English Dictionary 37 K kabina r. booth, cubicle kabinet r. private office; study kabul etmek 1. to accept kaa– beautiful, handsome kada rule kadalaºdyrmak to standardize kadaly adj. 1. normal 2. regular kadr I.r. personnel II. specialist kafedra pulpit; rostrum kagyz paper kak 1. dried melon kaka 1. father 2. uncle(Balkan dialect) kakabaº ill-bred, illmannered kakamak 1. to become dry 2. to dry; to become dry kakao r. cocoa kakatmak to make dry kaklyºmak to collide (head on) kakma "kakmach", a special quick-fried salty meat dish kakmak 1. to drive in; hammer in 2. to knock; rap 3. to shake off 4. to shake 5. to clap 6. to pack down (dirt, sand...) kakyn fit, attack, seizure kakynly adj. fitful, like a seizure kalendar r. calendar kaloriØa r. calorie kaloriØaly r. caloric kamera r. chamber kampaniØa company kanagat 1. patience 2. satisfaction kanagatlanarlyk satisfaction kanagatlandyrmak to satisfy; make someone content kanagatlanlarlykly satisfact ory kanagatlanlarlyksz unsatisf actory kanagatlanmak to be satisfied kanagatly consistent kanal r. canal kanalizasiØa r. sewage system kandidat r. candidate kandidatly r. candidate position kanikul r. vacation kanselØariØa r. office kanun law kanunlaºdyrmak to legalize, legitimize kanunlylyk legality, legitimacy kanunsyz illegal, lawless, unlawful kanunsyzlyk lawlessness kanuny 1. legal, legitimate 2. natural, logical kanunylyk legality; legitimacy ka–kamak to go for a walk, to loiter, to drift (from place to place) kapas stuffy, close kapasa 1. cage 2. counter, shelf kapitalist r. capitalist kapitalistik r. capitalistic kapitalizm r. capitalism kapitan r. captain kapyr infidel kapyØa rhyme kapyØalaºdyrmak to rhyme; to make something rhyme kapyØalaºmak to rhyme (reflexive) karar I. 1. decision 2. conclusion II. 1. patience 2. peace of mind karara gelmek to make up one's mind karel adj. Karelian (nationality) karikatura r. cartoon karkas frame, framework karnawal carnival karta map kartoka r. card karton cardboard kartoºka r. potatoes karz duty karzyna indebted to kasam imek to vow, take an oath kasam oath kassa r. cashier's office; cashier's desk kassir r. cashier kast 1. revege, vengance 2. attempted assassination kaºgŠ if katalog catalogue kategoria category kater cutter; launch katok r. skating rink kauuk rubber kaØuta cabin; stateroom kaØyl pleased with kazak 1. Kazahk 2. Cossack kebap kebob; shish-kebob kebaphana kebob restaurant; cafe kebelek butterfly kebºir n. welding kebºirleØli welder kebze small shovel ke 1. n. furrow 2. stubborn, obstinate kede embroidery kee felt kejal stubborn, obstinate keje 1. obtuse; stupid 2. wrong kejelik stupidity, incoherence kelik stubborness; obstinacy kejebe old Turkmen gelinalyjy kejir stubborn, obstinate keke comb kekirdek larynx kekre wormwood kel mangy kelermek to show off kelek hornless (without horns) kelem cabbage kelep skein; hank (of thread) keleplemek to wind up kelesa– shiftless; good for nothing kelesa–lyk dissoluteness kellagyry adj. head (attrib.) kelle 1. head 2. mind kellebaºaØak malfunction kelleki bridle kellem cabbage kelpe– frivolous; flighty kelpe–lik flightiness kelpeze lizard kelte short Turkmen/English Dictionary 38 keltelmek to be shortened kelteltmek to shorten kem 1. defect, flaw 2. adv. not enough; insufficiently kem-kemden gradually kemakyl feeble-minded kemal : kemala gelmek = to mature, to become a man kemally 1. honest, decent 2. suitable, proper, appropriate kembaha : kembaha garamak = to underestimate kemilik shortage, scarcity kemelmek to decrease; diminish; decline kemeltmek to reduce kemene music bow kemer strap kemlik shortage; scarcity; lack kemmek to reduce kempir old woman kemput piece of candy kemsinmek to be offended kemsitmek to humiliate kemsiz irreproachable; flawless kemsiz-kšstsŸz flawless kenar coast kendir ? plant kendirik "kendirik", special table cloth (oilcloth) for making dough or sifting flour on kenep hemp kengir straining spoon; skimmer kentilmek to wearth (of a rope) kepderi pigeon; dove kepek siftings kepemek to dry; become dry kepgir large spoon-ladel to cook palow kepil bolmak to guarantee kepillik guarantee ker deaf ker hunk; chunk keremek to chop up keremara quietly; silently kerep spiderweb; cobweb kereplemek to cover oneself up kerlik deafness kerpi r. brick kert ledge kertik cut; incision kertmek 1. to cut slightly; make an incision 2. to eat away 3. to leave (something) kerwen caravan kes any; every kesdirmek to wound; injure kese 1. horizontal 2. someone else's; other people's 3. side kesek lump keseki someone else's; other people's keseklemek to throw; toss kesel 1. illness; disease 2. sick; ill keseleØin horizontally keselhana hospital keseligine horizontally kesellemek to be ill keselli ill; sick keser "keser", a special knife used in carpet-making kesewi poker (for a fire) kesgin 1. decisive; forceful; resolute 2. burning kesgir sharp kesgitleme definition kesgitlemek to define kesgitli adj. definite kesgitnama definition kesir stubborn; obstinate kesirlik stobborness; obstinacy kesiºmek to cross (each other), to intersect kesmek I. 1. to cut 2. to cut in, interrupt II. scab kesmeklemek to cover oneself up kesp profession keºbi surface keºdelemek to embroider keºdeli embroidered keºlemek to furrow keºleØin furrowed keºp 1. face 2. look, appearance keºte embroidery keºte etmek to embroider ketek bird-house (i.e. chicken coop, hen coop, pigeon loft) ketje stubborn, obstinate keØigim (informal address to women) Dear! Sweetie! keØik gazelle keØkermek to behave oneself dashingly keØkertmek to be alerted keØp 1. general physical and mental state 2. delight, pleasure keØp ekmek to revel keØpine just so; simply so (for no particular reason) keØtik adj. lame keØtiklemek to hobble kezzap cheat; swindler kezzaplyk cheating kŠ 1. that 2. kabir kŠbir some kŠbiri some; some people; certain people kŠdi squash, pumpkin kŠemek to curse out; swear out kŠkelemek to cluck kŠkilik partridge kŠmahal sometimes kŠmil perfect kŠmileºen perfect kŠmilleºdirmek to improve; perfect; refine kŠmilleºmek to improve oneself kŠmillik perfection kŠmillik Øaºy majority (18 years of age) kŠmillik Øaºyna Øetmek to reach majority kŠn a lot, much kŠnelmek kšpelmek kŠr profession kŠrdeº colleague kŠrende rental kŠrende tšlegi rent kŠrhana undertaking; venture kŠse cup kŠselemek to cut kŠºir carrot kŠte sometimes kŠtmen hoe kŠtmenlemek 1. to chop 2. to hoe kŠwagt sometimes kŠØarym kŠte kŠØemek to scold kŠØimek to quarrel with Turkmen/English Dictionary 39 kŠØin 1. pronunciation 2. reproach; reproof; rebuke kŠØinmek to complain kibirdemek to crunch kielmek 1. to decrease, diminish 2. to shorten kieltmek 1. to reduce 2. to shorten kii 1. small 2. underage, juvenile 3. adj. younger kiigšwŸnli modest kikirdemek to giggle kilim "kilim" small handmade carpet kilogram r. kilogram kilogramlyk r. adj. kilogram kilometr r. kilometer kilt bolt; catch kiltlemek to bolt; to hook the catch kim who? kimin like kinaØa irony kinaØaly ironic; ironical kine offense; insult kineli offended kino r. film kinoteatr r. theater (film) kiosk r. kiosk kir mud kireØ rental kiri 1. string of a musical instrument 2. bowstring kirlemek to get dirty kirletmek to soil; dirty; stain kirli dirty, filthy, muddy kirpi 1. hedgehog 2. fig. crew-cut kirpik eyelash kirºen dust kise pocket kisel "kisel", a desert made of fruit, berries, and potato starch, served with milk kislorod r. oxygen kislota r. acid kiºde 1. dried apricots 2. dried fruit kiºi person kiºmiº raisins kiº–emek to neigh kit r. whale kitap book kitapa small book kitaphana library kitaphon book-lover, bibliophile kitapsšØŸji book-lover, bibliophile kitir tea-pot kitirdetmek to crunch kitirdewŸk crisp kitŸw slow to forgive, harboring resentment klas r. class (meaning social class or class group, but not lesson) klasdaº classmate klassyk classical writer klassyky classical kleØonka r. oilcloth klinika r. clinic klub r. club klubnika r. strawberries knopka r. button; push button kodeks r. code (of law, principles) kofe r. coffee kofta r. woman's jacket kokamak to stink kolbasa r. sausage kolhoz r. collective farm kolhozi r. collective farmer kolleksiØa r. collection kollektiw r. n. collective, team, group, body koloniØal r. colonial kolonka r. water-dispenser, water-pump kolonna r. column, pillar kolonoØa r. colony komanda r. team komandir r. commander komandirlik r. position komandirowka r. assignment, business-trip komandowanie r. command komanduØyiØ r. commander kombaØn r. combine, harvester kombinat r. integrated plant kombinezon r. overalls komediØa r. comedy komendant r. commandant komissar r. commissar komissiØa r. commission; committee; board komitet r. committe kommunal r. public; municipal kommunist r. communist kommunizm r. communism komonawt r. cosmonaut, astronaut kompas r. compass kompleks r. complex kompleksleØin r. adj. complex, composite komplekt r. complete (of a set) komplektlemek r. to complete (a set) kompot r. "kompot", a sweet drink made of boiled fruit, water, and sugar kompozitor r. composer kompres r. compress komsomol r. 1. Komsomol, Communist Youth League 2. Young Communist konditer r. pastry cook, pastry chef konductor r. conductor (on a train, bus, etc.) konferensiØa r. conference kongres r. congress konki r. horse konkret r. adj. concrete, specific konkretleºdirmek r. to make specific, spell out konkurs r. competition, contest konsert r. concert, recital konserw r. canned foods, canned goods konserwatiw r. adj. conservative konserwatoriØa r. conservatory (for music) konstitutsiØa r. constitution konstruksiØa r. construction; design konstuktor r. designer konsul r. consul konsulhana r. consulate konsullyk r. consulate (consulary position) konsultasiØa r. consultation kontinental r. continental kontingent r. contingent kontor r. office kontrol r. control kontrollyk r. control Turkmen/English Dictionary 40 kontrolØor r. controller konus r. geom. cone konweØer r. conveyor kooperatiw r. cooperative kopiØa r. copy korabl r. ship koridor r. corridor, hall korpus r. body, trunk, torso kosekans r. mat. cosecant kosinus r. mat. cosine kosmetika r. make-up, cosmetics kosmos r. outer space kospekt r. synopsis; outline; abstract kospektirlemek r. to abstract; make an abstract of kostØor r. fire kostØum r. suit kotlet r. chop; cutlet kowalamak to drive (cattle) kowalaºmak to drive (cattle) kowalmak to chase, follow kowgy pursuit; chase kowmak 1. to drive on (cattle) 2. to dismiss, fire, discharge 3. to exile kowum-garandaº relatives kše street kšek a little camel kšjemek to lace, to tie kšk 1. root 2. basting kške cookie, biscut kšklemek I. 1. to baste 2. to quilt II. to take pleasure in kšl lake kšlege shade kšlegli shady kšmek n. help kšmeki assistant, helper kšmekleºmek to help kšmelek mushroom kšmŸr coal kšne old kšne-kŸºŸl old things, junk kšnee as before; unchanged kšneden adj. since olden times, since days of yore kšnelmek 1. to wear out, be worn out 2. to wear out all one's clothes kšneltmek to wear out (i.e. clothing, machinery) kšp 1. a lot, much, many 2. often, frequently kšp nokat elipses (...) kšpburluk geom. polygon kšpŸlik 1. mass, a lot of, a heap of 2. social kšpŸlikleØin adj. mass (as in "mass transit") kšpden long ago kšpek male dog, hound kšpelmek to increase; grow kšpeltmek 1. to increase 2. to multiply kšpgranlyk geom. polyhedron kšplen usually, generally, ordinarily kšplŸk a great number, a multitude kšpri bridge kšptaraply multilateral kšpŸk foam kšpŸrjik foam, bubble kšpŸrjiklemek to froth, to foam kšr blind kšrek unripened cotton bud kšremek to begin to burn properly kšrlŸk 1. blindness, darkness 2. dimwit, dummy kšrpe young kšrŸk 1. bellows 2. ash-pit (of a furnace) kšrzehin thick-headed, dimwitted kšsemek to call, summon kšsenmek to test, try out kšssek tripod kšsseklemek to hobble (a horse) kšst shortage, scarcity, lack kšsŸk pod kšsŸkli leguminous, beany kšºeºnek to grow still, become silent, calm down kšºk palace kštel raising, lifting kšw hollow, glen, dell kšw salmak to look; peep (over, under, behind, etc...) kšwek 1. removal, extraction 2. cave, cavern kšwlemek to dig kšwmek 1. to dig 2. to make a hole in 3. to wash away, erode kšwŸº shoes kšwŸººi shoemaker kšØdŸrmek to let something be wasted kšØmek to burn up, be burned up kšØnek 1. shirt (male) 2. dress (female) kšØneke dressmaker kšz live coals, embers krahmal r. starch kran r. faucet, spigot, tap kredit r. credit krem r. cream kreml r. Kremlin kreØser r. cruiser krizis r. crisis kros r. cross-country race krowat r. bed kru£ok r. small circle, club, group kub r. cube kubok r. goblet kuhnØa kitchen kultiwator r. cultivator kultiwatsiØa r. cultivation kupe r. compartment (on a train) kuplet r. verse, stanza kurort resort kurs r. course kursant student kurtka r. (man's) jacket kuwwat power, strength, might kuwwatlanmak 1. to aquire, gain 2. to stand kuwwatly strong, powerful kuwwatlylyk strength, power kuzow r. basket kŸde stack kŸdelemek to stack kŸkemek to be fragrant kŸkrek chest kŸkŸrt 1. sulfur 2. match kŸl ashes kŸl-owram (bolmak) to spit up kŸl-peekun etmek to break; shatter; smash kŸl-uºak to spit up kŸle small bread made from short pastry kŸldan ashtray kŸle (of a tail) short kŸlembibi little finger kŸlke small; minute Turkmen/English Dictionary 41 kŸlkelemek to crush; grind kŸme hut; shack kŸmŸº silver kŸmŸºlemek to silver; silver plate kŸndŸk special metallic pitcher for washing kŸnjek corner kŸnji sesame kŸnnŸk silver jug for water kŸrek oar; paddle kŸreklemek to row; to paddle kŸrk brood hen kŸrre young/little donkey kŸrsemek to burst into kŸrt kurd kŸºgŸrmek to sic ( a dog on) kŸºt chess kŸºtºi chess player kŸtek dull; blunt kŸtelmek to become dull kŸteltmek to blunt; dull kŸti thick kŸtŸlik thickness kŸØ n. thought kŸØkermek to hunch one's back; be hunched over kŸØki hunchbacked kŸØsemek to wish for; desire kŸØze pitcher; jug kŸØzegarlik potter's trade (craft) kwadrat r. 1. square (figure) 2. adj. square kwadratura r. n. squaring kwalifikasiØa r. qualification kwartal r. quarter; section (of a city) kwartira r. apartment kwas r. "kvass" a fermented drink made with bread kwitansiØa r. receipt kybap accordance; conformity kybapdaº corresponding kyn difficult kynylyk difficulty kynlaºdyrmak to complicate kynlaºmak to become complicated kynlyk difficulty kyrk forty kyrkynjy fortieth kyssa 1. prose 2. story 3. short poem kyssay writer kysym look; appearance L la just, will you : Ma–a aØtsa–yz-la = Just tell me laborant r. laboratory worker; assistant laboratoriØa r. laboratory labyr anchor labyrdamak to blaze; flare up; glow; burn labyz 1. melody 2. melodiousness layn falcon lager r. camp lagºamak to collapse; fall into pieces lak atmak 1. to start to speak 2. to brush against lak bolmak to conceal; keep secret lak r. lacquer lakam nickname lakgy talkative lakgyldamak to chat laklamak to lacquer lakyrdamak to seeth; bubble lakyrdy bubbling, gurgling lal I. mute II. lallyk muteness lampa moment; instant; twinkling lampa r. lamp lampoka r. lightbulb landshaft r. landscape lapyke bolmak 1. to be dispirited 2. to be disappointed lasyrdamak to brew; digest laØ I. 1. loam; clay 2. slush; dirt; mud II. bir laØ one complete set laØyk appropriate laØyk bolmak to conform laØyklyk proportion; accordance laØyklyk-da in conformity with lebiz promise legen basin leji ykmak 1. to become worn out 2. to become fatigued lejikmek to get tired lejini ykarmak to wear out Turkmen/English Dictionary 42 len bolmak to be hackneyed; tritel; banal lenta ribbon le–kewut spider lerzana gelmek to shudder letde scrap lezzet pleasure lezzetli 1. sweet; pleasing to taste 2. sweet; delightful lŠbik I. slush II. muddy; troubled; poppy lŠle kakmak to sing the "LŠle Jana" (traditional Turkmen song) lŠle poppy lŠlezar meadow lŠlezarlyk meadow lŠlik coddled; effeminate lŠliklik effeminateness lŠsh 1. corpse; body 2. carcass lŠshermek to wallow lokga lump; clod lokgalamak to crumple lomaØ sšwda wholesale lomaØ wholesale lomaØlygyna wholesale lomaylygyna satmak to sell wholesale lo–kuldamak to be afraid of lopbush chubby; plump lorsuldamak fire lotereØa r. lottery lowlamak to blaze; flare up lowurdamak 1. to shine; glitter 2. to sparkle 3. to blaze lowurdawuk brilliant lowurdy 1. lustre; shine 2. flame; blaze lšdere grounds; sediment;thicket lŸ– basmak to do the boundary strip lŸ– border lŸØk slush; mud lØstra r. chandelier lØuk r. hatch (way) lybas clothing lygyrdamak to gurgle lygyrdy gurgle lyzha r. ski; skiing lyzhay r. skier lyzhaly r. ski... M madda 1. matter; substance 2. article maddy material madyrdamak to talk; chatter magallaklamak to appear in the distance magaryf enlightenment, education magaryfy educator magazin r. shop magdan ore magistral highway, thoroughfare maglumat report, message magnit r. magnet magnitofon r. tape recorder magtamak to praise magtan praise magtanmak to brag, to boast mahal time mahanika r. mechanics mahlasy in a word; in short mahmal plush mahrum devoid mahsus characteristic makala article (of magazine) maksat aim, purpose maksatly having a specific purpose makul acceptable makulatura 1. pages spoiled in printing 2. rubbish makullamak to approve of mal cattle, livestock mal-mŸlk 1. property 2. fig. belongings mala harrow malalamak to harrow maldar animal breeder maldarylyk livestock breeding maliØe finance maliØeledirmek to finance mama 1. pox 2. small pox mamla right, correct manat Turkmen (and Azerbaijanian) currency mandarin tangerine; mandarin maner 1. riding academy; riding school 2. circus arena 3. playpen manØowr r. maneuver many meaning manyly rich in content; informative manysyz 1. having no meaning; senseless 2. pointless ma–a to me ma–laØ 1. forehead; brow 2. frontal ma–laØly 1. happy 2. lucky; fortunate maral fallow deer maral r. marshall marka r. 1. postage stamp 2. make, model; brand marksistik r. marxist marksizm r. marxism marksizm-leninizm r. marxism-leninism marmelad r. fruit jellies; candy mart r. March mastab scale (of a map) masgara shameful masgarabaz jester masgaralamak to disgrace masgarylyk shame, disgrace maska r. 1. mask 2. guise maskarad r. masquerade maslahat 1. advice, council 2. conference maslahaty adviser maslahatlamak to consult; seek advice maslahatlaylyk coordinate d, concerted maslahatlaºmak to confer maslyk dead body, corpse, cadaver massa r. mass massa£ r. massage maºgala family (can be used to refer to wife, wife and husband, or entire family) maºgala family, wife, household maºgalaly adj. family maºinist r. machinist, mechanic maºinistka r. 1. (woman) mechanic 2. typist maºinka r. machine maºk exercise maººarmak to become flat; flatten out Turkmen/English Dictionary 43 maººartmak to flatten maºyn 1. machine 2. automobile mata cloth; fabric matal riddle; puzzle matematika r. mathematics matematiki r. mathematical material r. material materialistik r. materialistic materializm r. materialism materik continent; mainland materiØa r. 1. matter 2. material, fabric matros r. sailor, seaman mawlamak to meow mawut smooth woolen cloth mawy 1. light/sky blue 2.pink mawzoleØ r. mausoleum maØ 1. May 2. moment; instant maØa 1. camel 2. leaven, ferment 3. n. fund maØda small; minute maØdal 1. moderate 2. temperate maØdalamak to crush; grind maØka r. t-shirt maØlamak to become warm; warm up maØmyn monkey; ape maØor r. major maØrylmak 1. to strain oneself 2. to crack up; break down maØsa 1. field of grain 2. field of endeavor maØygak 1. flexible 2. supple maØygaklyk flexibility maØyl warm maØyllyk warm weather maØyp disabled person, invalid maØyplyk disability maØyrmak 1. to blow up 2. to subvert maza pleasure mazaly 1. calmly 2. pleasant mazar grave mazarylyk cemetery mazmun maintenance; upkeep mazmuny content me used as English: "take it!", "here!" mebel furniture meew bermek 1. to sic (a dog on somebody, something) 2. coll. to set people against each other medal r. medal medeni cultural medeniØet cultural, culture medeniØeti culture medeniØetli cultural medisina r. medicine (the science of) meger used as English: "it can be" mehanik r. mechanic mehanizasiØa r. mechanization mehanizator r. specialist in mechanization mehanizm r. mechanism mehanizmledirmek r. to mechanize mejal powers, strength mejbur etmek to enforce mejbur forced mejbury compulsory mejlis conference mekan 1. inhabited area, place where people live 2. edge; rim, brim mekdep school mekgejšwen corn mekir sly, crafty mekirlik cunning, guile mel r. chalk mele 1. pale; yellow, straw colored 2. beige melhem panacea mellek yard; piece of land for individual use men I; me men-menlik conceit menek spot, stain; blemish meni–e used as English: "In my opinion..."; "I think..." menØu r. menu menzil distance me–ze similar me–zelik similarity, likeness, resemblance me–zemek to resemble, to look like me–zeº similar, resemblance me–zetme comparison me–zetmet to liken merdana bravely, courageously merdiwan 1. stairs; stairway 2. ladder mergen exceptional hunter; marksman mergenlik accuracy, marksmanship mergi cholera merhum the deceased meridian r. meridian merkeledirmek to centralize merkez center merkezi central mermer adj. marble mert 1. brave, courageous 2. manly mertebe 1. dignity 2. merit; virtue mertlere bravely, courageously mertlik courage mes 1. gay, merry, cheerful 2. prosperous, affluent 3. well fed, fat, plump 4. fertile mese-mŠlim obviously mesele task meselem for example mesge butter mesgen dwelling, abode; living quarters mesi boots (Turkmen traditional) meslik 1. gaiety, cheerfulness 2. prosperity, affluence meºgul busy; occupied meºgullanmak to be occupied (with); to be engaged (in) meºhur celebrated; famous meºhurlyk fame metal r. metal metallurgiØa r. metallurgy metbugat 1. seal; stamp 2. the press, news media metjit mosque metod r. method metodik r. methodical metodika r. methods metodist r. methodist (one who is skilled in methodologies) metr r. meter metro r. subway metropoliten r. subway Turkmen/English Dictionary 44 meØdan 1. field 2. clearing (in the woods) meØdana ground, site; area meØil 1. interest 2. wish meØillenmek to wish for, desire meØit dead body, corpse, cadaver meØletin voluntary meØletini volunteer mŠde stomach mŠhelle n. crowd mŠhir love mŠhirli adj. nice; pleasant; warm mŠhirsiz unpleasant, disagreeable mŠhnet huge, enormous; tremendous mŠhri compassion mŠhriban dear mŠkŠm strong, durable mŠkŠmlemek to strengthen, reinforce mŠkiØan hen mŠlemek to bleat mŠlim known, definite mŠmiºi orange mŠreke n. crowd mŠº a little green pea-like bean used to make soup mŠºe cock, hammer (of a firearm) mŠtŠ bolmak to need mŠtŠ needy mŠtŠlik need (implies dire need) mŠz gland mikrob r. microbe; germ mikrofon r. microphone mikroscop r. microscope milisioner r. policeman milisiØa r. the police, militia millet nation, nationality milli national milliard r. billion (in American English), milliard (British English) millimetr r. millimeter million r. million milt dare milt etmek to dare mineral r. mineral ministr r. minister ministrlik r. ministry minnetdar grateful, appreciative minnetdarlyk gratitude, appreciation minomØot r. mortar minus r. 1. minus sign 2. subzero, below zero (of temperature) minut r. minute minutlyk r. 1. adj. minute 2. momentary miras 1. inheritance 2. heritage miras almak to inherit mirasy successor mis copper misli like; just as missiØa r. mission (assignment) miting r. mass meeting, rally miwe fruit miweilik fruit growing (as an agricultural practice) miwelemek to bear fruit miweli adj. fruit, fruity miØesser to have occasion (to) mizemez unshakable, unwaivering, steadfast mobilizasiØa r. mobilization mobilizlemek r. to mobilize moda r. fashion, style model r. model molamak to moo; bellow moldowan Moldovan molekula molecule molekulØar molecular molla mullah mona bolmak to be glad, happy; to rejoice mongol Mongol monjugatdy Turkmen national game for girls only played during the Muslim New Year monjuk 1. beads 2. necklace montaÁ r. assembly; installation montØor r. fitter monument r. monument monumental r. monumental moral r. morals; morality mordwin r. Mordrin (an ethnicity of Central Europe and Russia) moroÁny r. ice-cream motor r. motor, engine motosikl r. motorcyle moØmuldamak to waddle mšber volume mšhlet 1. term of office 2. period of time; in a short time mšhletli urgent; pressing mšhŸm 1. important 2. necessary, essential mšjek 1. insect, bug 2. wolf mšlerilmek to glare, to stare mšlertmek to stare wideeyed mšn naive mš––Ÿrmek to roar mšr-mšjek insects mšw almak to spread terror; to rage; to wreak havoc mšwkemek to rage mšwrit time mšwsŸm season mšØ spider muakgat difficulty mudak admirer, devotee mugallym teacher mugallyma teacher (female) mugt free (of charge) mukaddes sacred, holy mukam melody mukdar quantity; amount; number mum wax mundan š– ago, before murt moustache murtly moustached, with a big moustache musulman Moslem, Muslim muzeØ r. museum mŸbŠrek congratulation mŸderi client; customer mŸgil difficult, hard mŸdir manager (of), head (of) mŸmkin 1. possible 2. used as the english "may" or "can": ‚ilim ekmek mŸmkinmi? = Can I smoke? Is it permissible to smoke? mŸmkinilik etmek to enable mŸmkinilik possibility, chance Turkmen/English Dictionary 45 mŸmkingadar as far as possible mŸnmek 1. to mount, board, get on 2. to ascend mŸ– thousand mŸ–kŸldemek to tremble, shiver, shake mŸ–kŸr insecure, selfdoubting mŸ–kŸrlenmek to doubt, to have doubts mŸ–kŸrlik n. doubt mŸrŸk wrinkled mŸrepbe n. jam (as in jelly) mŸrrelmek to become wrinkled mŸrrŸk wrinkled mŸØn consciousness mŸØnli guilty, at fault, to blame mŸØnŸrgemek to feel uneasy, self-couscious, awkward mŸzzermek to turn sour mymak 1. to miss, fly past(a target) 2. to race, speed along mydama always mydamalaØyn forever, for good mydar 1. strength 2. life myh nail (metal) myhman 1. guest 2. foreigner myhmanhana 1. hotel 2. guest room; receiving room myhmansšØer hospitable myhmansšØerlik hospitalit y myjabat n. slander, libel myjjarmakû to become soft, flabby myjjykû soaked mylakat friendliness, affability mylakatly open-hearted; amiable, affable mylaØym 1. warm 2. pleasant, nice 3. polyester; rayon mylaØymlyk pleasantness mylkarmak to become overripe mynasybetli 1. devoted to 2. dedicated (i.e. a book dedicated to someone) mynasyp bolmak to deserve mynasyp worthy (of), deserving (of) myngamak to knead; work (i.e. clay, leather) mynjyramak to break into pieces, shatter mynjyratmak to smash, shatter myrat wish; desire myrtar bad, poor mysal example mysal Ÿin for example mysala appearance; exterior myssarmak 1.to lower, let down 2. to wilt; wither myssyk 1. faded or withered 2. soft; mild; gentle myº-myº rumors, talk N na emphatic suffix nabat sweet naalinik r. chief; head, boss nadan ignorant nadanlyk ignorance nadara scandalous nadaralyk scandal nadyl offended nadyllyk offence; insult nagt available, on hand nagyº 1. n. ornamental design; decorative pattern 2. adj. intricate nagyº ekmek to embroider nagyºlamak 1. to decorate; embellish; adorn 2. to embroider nah adj. cotton nahal seedling, sapling nahar 1. meal 2. food naharhana 1. cafeteria, dining hall 2. dining room naharlamak 1. to feed 2. to nurse, suckle nakyl proverb nal horseshoe nala 1. n. groan, moan 2. complaint nala 1. forced, under duress 2. unintentionally, unwillingly nalajedeØin clumsy, inept nalamak 1. to forge 2. to stuff, fill, cram nalamak 1. to groan; moan 2. to complain (about) 3. to lament nalyº complaint nalyºly plaintive, mournful namart coward, cowardly namartlamak to be a coward; be afraid; get cold feet namartlyk cowardice namaz prayer namys 1. self-worth; conscience 2. shame; sense of shame namysja– dignity nan bread nar pomegranite narpyz mint Turkmen/English Dictionary 46 narpyzly adj. mint, minty narØad 1. order; warrant 2. duty nas green powder used like chewing tobacco nasos n. pump naturalist r. naturalist naw log naØa ovary naØalamak to form naØynjar 1. pitiful, pathetic 2. plaintive, mournful naØynsap unscrupulous; unconscionable naØza bayonet naØzalamak to prick; stab nazar look, glance; view, sight nazarkerde adj. representative ne negative particle nebere relatives nebis profit; advantage; gain nebisje– adj. mercenary nebisje–lik self-interest; mercantilism nebit 1. oil, petroleum 2. kerosene nebiti oil worker nebitli adj. containing oil nebsewŸr adj. mercenary nebsewŸrlik self-interest; mercantilism negr r. dark-skinned person nejat going out; coming out; emergence nejis 1. adj. foul, nasty 2. n. scoundrel nem 1. moisture 2. mucus nemes German nemjiremek to be covered with mist nemlenmek to be dampened nemli 1. humid; moist; damp 2. slimy nene– which? what? nene–si which? what? nepis elegant; graceful nepislik elegance; grace nerw r. nerve nesibe fate, destiny nesihat precept nesil 1. generation 2. descendants, posterity nesØe duty neºir ediji publisher neºir etmek to publish neºir issuance, promulgation neºirØat publishing house neºirØaty publisher netije 1. result 2. conclusion netijede consequently netijeli effective; successful netijelilik effectiveness netijesiz ineffective; unsuccessful nŠbelet unfamiliar, unknown nŠbeletilik unfamiliarity nŠbeletlik unfamiliarity nŠbelli unknown nŠbileØin unable to be known, unknowable nŠe how much? nŠelik of what number? nŠenji which? what number? nŠden how much? nŠdogry wrong, incorrect nŠgile dissatisfied; discontented; displeased nŠgilelik dissatifaction; discontent; displeasure nŠhak vain, futile nŠhili 1. how? 2. what kind? what sort? nŠhoº unhealthy, not well nŠhoºlamak to become ill nŠhoºlyk illness nŠlaØyk unworthy nŠlet curse; damnation, perdition nŠletlemek to curse, to damn nŠme Ÿin why nŠme what? nŠmede bolsa bir zat anything nŠmŠlim unknown nŠrazy dissatisfied nŠrazyylyk wail, scream, outcry nŠrazylyk dissatisfaction nŠsag bolmak to be ill nŠsag unhealthy, ill, sick nŠsaglamak to become ill nŠsaglyk illness nŠtanyº unknown nŠtanyºlyk ignorance nŠtmek what to do? nŠtŸØsli 1. how? 2. what kind? what sort? nŠwagt when nŠz 1. coquetry; flirting 2. whim; caprice nŠzenin beautiful women; a beauty nŠzik 1. tender; gentle; delicate 2. thin nŠzirgemek 1. to flirt 2. to be capricious nŠzli coquettish; flirtatious nika marriage nikalaºmak to marry nil trunk (of a tree) nire where? what place? nirede where niØet intention niØetlemek to mean; intend; design (for) nobat n. queue, turn-taking nobat tutmak to queue up nobaty adj. on duty nobatylyk n. duty nobatdaky next; immediate at hand nobatky next; immediate at hand nogaØ Nogai (ethnicity of the Caucuses) nogsan ? nogta halter (for a horse) nogtalamak to bridle a horse nohut peas nokat 1. dot 2. peroid (punctuation) nokatma-nokat exactly nol r. zero; naught nomer r. number nomerlemek r. to number norma r. norm; standard normal r. normal nosilººik r. porter nota r. note (musical); note (diplomatic) notarius r. notary notorial r. adj. notary (attribute) noØabr r. November noØba kidney beans nukdaØnazar point of view nur ray; beam nurana good looking; handsome nurbat screw nusga 1. sample; specimen 2. copy 3. example nyglamak to underline nygtamak to emphasize Turkmen/English Dictionary 47 nyrh price, fee nyrhlamak to appraise; evaluate; assess nysan almak to take aim nysan symbol/aim nyºan 1. mark, sign 2. sign 3. badge nyºana target; mark nyºanalamak to take aim nyzam 1. formation 2. marching O oba hojalygy agriculture oba village obaylyk territory where there are villages obadaº people from the same village obaly persons from village (attrib.) oblast province obraz hero (fictional) oburmak to erode oburylmak to be eroded obØekt r. 1. object 2. building site obØektiw r. objective; unbiased oerk essay; sketch oko point (in a game) odekolon r. cologne odeØal r. blanket odun wood ofiser r. officer ofiserlik officer's mess ofisian r. waiter oglan boy oglan-uak little children oglanlyk childhood ogramak to thieve ogrulyk theft ogry thief ogryn secret ogryna imperceptibly; insensibly ogºamak to kiss ogºaºmak to kiss eachother ogul son; boy ogul-gyz boys and girls ogulhajat ring finger ogullyk adopted child ogurlamak to steal ogurlyk theft oguºØa to be found (to be); to turn out (to be) ojak 1. hearth 2. center; seat (of war) ojar haloxylon ok 1. arrow 2. axis ok-dari ammunition okamak to read, study okatmak to teach okdurylmak to dash; dart okean r. ocean okgunly rapidly; swiftly; promptly okkupasiØa r. occupation okkupirlemek to occupy oklamak 1. to toss 2. to load; charge oklaw rolling pin oklukirpi porcupine oktØabr October okudyjy teacher okuma whitlow okuw studies okuwy pupil okuwly educated okyjy person who reads at the library ol she, he, it olar they olimpiada r. olympiad olja trophies; spoils (of war) olluk possessive olrug region olta– sole of a shoe olum ford; passage; crossing omurmak to break omuz shoulder omzamak to emphasize; to stress on ten onakly not very onda then; so ondan hem baºga in addition to; besides ongunlyk ten days onluk ten (noun) onso– so then onunjy tenth onØyllyk ten years onyana while; for the time being o– success o–armak to cope; deal; manage o–at good o–atlandyrmak to make something better o–atlaºmak to become better o–aØly favorable; propitious o–aØsyz unfavorable; not propitious o–lamak to agree o–luk well-being; prosperity o–ly good o–mak to be satisfied o––ut conditions o–ºuk peace Turkmen/English Dictionary 48 o–ºukly peaceful o–ºuksyz not peaceful o–ºuksyzluk unrest o–urga spine o–uºmak to be compatible opera r. opera operasiØa r. operation opmak broken (used for large things) opurmak to destroy opurylmak to be destroyed opurylyºyk disruption; frustration orak sickle oraky sickler oramak cover orbita r. orbit orbital r. orbital orden order; decoration ordenli decorated person orfografik r. orthographic orfografiØa r. orthography; spelling organ r, organ (biol.) organik r. organic organizm r. organism orkestr r. orchestra ormak to reap ornaºdyrmak to inculcate ornaºmak to work out; to settle down; to get fixed up ornaºykly comfortably ors Russian orsa Russian language orsØet Russia orta center; middle ortaal average ortak participle ortaky middle (adj.) ortanjy middle (adj.) orun place orunbasar deputy orunbasary understudy orunly local osetin nationality oslagsyz unexpected oslamak to expect osmak to suppose ot 1. grass 2. fire ot- šp twigs ot- iØm feed otag room otamak to destroy (crops) otarmak to feed grass (to cows etc.) otctawka r. dismissal otkrytka r. postcard otlamak 1. to eat grass 2. to burn otlinik r. person at the top otlino r. excellent otlušp match otluk grassy area otly train otnositel relative otnoºenie r. attitudes otrisatel negative otrØad detachment otur comma oturgy chair oturmak sit oturtmak to plant oturylyºyk meeting; party oturymly local otuz thirty otuzynjy thirtieth owadan beautiful owadanlamak to make beautiful owadanlanmak to be beautified owadanlyk beauty owarra "go away!" "go far!" owarram "to hell with it!" owaz sound owaza 1. absolute pitch 2. rumour; hearsay owazlanmak to be heard owgan of Afghanistan owkalamak to massage; to work up owlak baby goat owlaklamak to give birth to a goat owmak to crumble ownamak to become small ownatmak 1. to make smal 2. to change money ( to break a bill) ownuk little ; small ownukyl petty; trifling owranmak to crumble owratmak to make something crumble owu a handful owuntyk crumb owurt gulp oØ idea; thought oØ-pikir serious ideas; deep thoughts oØa awake oØaly-ukuly half asleep; dozing oØanmak to wake up oØarmak to awaken; call oØkamak 1. to rub 2. to grate; grind oØkanjyramak to fidget oØkanmak to rub oneself oØlamak to suppose oØlamazdan at random oØlanma consideration oØlanmak to reason; debate oØlanyºykly well thought out; considered oØlanyºyksyz not well thought out oØlap tapmak to invent oØlap tapyjy inventor oØlyk oasis oØmak 1. thimble 2. v. to hollow; chisel; gouge oØnamak to play oØnatgy laughing stock; butt of a joke oØnawa toy oØtak naturally formed bakja oØun game oØuny player oØunjak toy ozal before ozaldan a long time in the past; from time immemorial ozallar a long time ago ozalynda at the very beginning ozmak to overtake Turkmen/English Dictionary 49 … š vengeance šen extinct šgŸn matted, dull šmek to extinguish šŸgsi matt, dull šŸrmek to put out, to turn down (a fire or light) šŸrmek to switch off šdek oesophagus; gullet šdemek to vindicate šermek to marry a man to someone else šgemek to vomit šjŸkdirmek to stir up against šjŸkmek to become furious; to get mad škde able; skillful škdelemek to be able; capable škje heel škŸn regret; sorrow škŸnmek to pity; to regret škŸz bull šl wet šleg size, measure šlemek to measure šleØiº measurement šldŸrmek to kill šli dead šlina until one dies; all one's life šljermek to become wet šllemek to wet šlmek to die šlmez-Øitmez immortal; timeless šlºermek to cogitate, think hard about something šlºŸk slaughter, butchery šlŸm death šlŸm derejesi death rate šlŸm-Øitim deaths šmŸr life šmŸrlik lifelong, for life šndŸrijilik productivity, output šndŸrmek to produce šnmek 1. to be born 2. to grow up, mature 3. to produce šnŸm product šnŸmcilik production šnŸp-šsmek to grow up š– 1. in the past 2. in the front š– 1. ago, past 2. front š–delik first place š–den from many years ago, from time immemorial š–inŠ earlier, before š–ki previous, former š–kŸlik previous situation š––il year before last š––in day before yesterday š–Ÿnde in front of š–Ÿrdiklemek to gallop š–Ÿrti before, at first š–Ÿrtmek to be the first, to leave behind š–Ÿsyra before špmek to kiss špŸmek to kiss each other špŸº kiss šr to get up šrdek duck šrŠn very šrgŸn eruption, rash šrgŸnli typhys, spotted fever šri pasture šrk leash šrklemek to tie, to leash, to fasten šrkŸ hump šrmek 1. to knit 2. to braid 3. to break out (in a rash) šrtmek to cover šrŸzmek to wake someone up šsdŸrmek to grow, cultivate šsgŸn long šsmek to grow, develop šssŸrim fourteen šsŸmlik n. plant šsŸº growth, development št bile, gall šte very štegi passerby štelge passage štelgesi mountain passage šten last štgŸr sharp štmek 1. to cross, to go through 2. to burn štri therefore, that's why štunmenk to apologize štŸn apology štŸn soramak toapologize štŸrmek to put through a hole, to thread šwe a lamb two years of age šwelmek to gape šweØ step- (mother, father), adopted šwez compensation šwgi praise šwgn praise šwlŸØa cemetery šwmek to compliment; praise šwre 1. times 2. round šwrendekli 1. habit 2. chronic šwreniºdirmek to familiarize šwreniºmek to get used to; become accustomed šwrenje novice; amateur šwrenmek to learn šwretmek to teach, instruct šwrŸlip in the future; from now on; henceforth šwrŸliºik overturn; revolution šwrŸlmek 1. turn oneself over 2. to return šwrŸm n. turn šwºŸn šwŸºgin šwŸlØŠ graveyard šwŸnje– braggard šwŸnje–lik boasting šwŸnmek to boast; brag šwŸrmek to turn something šwŸsgin breeze šwŸsmek to blow šwŸºgin brilliance; shine šwŸt-nesihat advisors šØ hojalyky homemaker šØ house; home šØ-iºik family house šØjŸk nest šØke offence; injury šØke-kine injuries; offences šØkelek touchy; sensitive šØkelemek to be offended; take offence šØkeli offended; hurt šØken lung šØkŸnmek to imitate, to mimic šØle afternoon šØle/šØlŠn afternoon šØlendirmek to marry a man to someone else Turkmen/English Dictionary 50 šØlenmek to get married (for a man only) šØlŠn afternoon šØtmek to suppose, to think šz himself; herself šz kelle self-centered šz-šzŸnden to occur without help šzara between two people, mutual šzbaºdak independent šzbaºdaklyk independence, self-rule šzbaºy–a wilfullness šzbek Uzbek šzboluºly original; distinctive; peculiar šzelenmek to pray; plead; beg šzen- nucleus; core šzge another šzgeriº change; something new šzgeriºlik changes; alterations šzgermek to be altered or changed šzgertmek to alter; change ; vary šzleºdirmek to cope; assimilate; master šzluk gram. passive šzmek to repay a debt šzŸm myself šzŸni alyp baryº behavior, conduct šzŸ–e ekmek to attract P paak peel, rind pagta cotton pahna wedge pahyr wretch pajalamak to prosper, thrive pak empty paket r. packet pakgarak blister, bump pakgarmak to swell pakyrdamak to laugh loudly pal yawn palak rotten palan r. horsecloth palas r. thin rug palata r. chamber (of Parliment) palatka r. tent palyk mud, clay palykyldamak to make muddy pallamak to yawn palta axe paltalamak to chop with an axe palto r. overcoat pamyk absorbant cotton panorama r. panorama pansion r. pension panys torch, flashlight pa–kelle fool pa–lamak to brag papak cap papiros r. Russian cigarette papka r. folder para bribe parahat peace parahatylyk peace parahatlanmak to make peaceful parahatlyk peace parahor briber paramak 1. to reveal oneself 2. to crack parasat wisdom para scrap paralamak to scrap parh difference parhlandyrmak to differentiate parhly bolmak to distinguish parhly distinctive parhsyz indifferent park r. park parkyldamak to plumpen, fatten parkyldy fattened parlak sunshine, radiance parlamak to radiate parran throughout, through and through parta r. desk partisan r. partisan partiØa r. party (political) partladyjy fuse partlama explosion partlamak to explode pasport r. passport passiw r. passive pasyl season pasyrdamak 1. to soar 2. to wave pasyrdyr fluctuation paº exposure paºmak 1. to realize 2. anat. sole (of foot) pata blessing patlamak to hit, strike patrak fried corn patydyr stamping patyºa kind paØ r. portion paØa r. by portions paØawlamak to finish paØy shareholder paØdyrmak to trample paØhas wisdom paØhasly wise paØlamak to divide paØlanmak to be divided paØlasºmak to divide paØtagt capital paØyº abusive paza ploughshare pazyl feathers, lashes pe etmek to bake peat r. seal, stamp peatlamak to seal, stamp peek zool. field loach (fish) peenØe r. cookies pedal r. pedal pedelemek to package pekge dunce, dolt pel border pel ekmek to demarcate pelle finish pellehana finish pelte wick peltek mispronunciation Turkmen/English Dictionary 51 pelteklemek to mispronounce pena covering, defense penalamak to defend, shelter penalanmak to defend oneself penje 1. tassle 2. paw penjek coat, jacket penjelemek 1. to snatch 2. to fight, scuffle penjire window pensiØa r. pension penºenbe Wednesday pent 1. lecture 2. admonition per feather perbaØsyz indifferent perde 1. curtain 2. membrane 3. action, activity peresadka r. transplantation perewod r. translation perhaØlyk indifference perik spinning wheel periºan bolmak to be upset periºde angel perizat beautiful woman pero r. feather perron r. platform pers-ala shot up, wounded persona£h r. personage personal r. personal perspektiv r. perspective pert firm pes 1. short, low 2. undistinguished peseletmek to decrease peseltme reduction peseltmek to reduce pesinden a little at a time peslemek to decrease peslik n. decrease pessaØlamak to land an airplane peºehorda sore, ulcer peºeº gift peºew urine pet 1. bravery 2. starch petde pack, small stack pete-pet face to face petek anat. inner sole peteke crop pete– etmek to be tired, fed up with petilemek to lock petir r. unleavened bread petiº stuffy, sultry petiºlik stuffiness petle r. loop, stitch petlemek to stitch up petretmek to stare peØa r. landscape peØda bolmak to emerge peØda n. use peØdalanmak to make oneself useful peØdaly useful peØdasyz useless peØnir cheese peØwagtna 1. in one's way 2. idle, aimless peØwent etmek 1. to inoculate 2. to graft pŠendeki "paendeky", a winter melon pŠhim reason pŠhimli reasonable pŠk pure, clean, clear pŠki razor pŠkize clean pŠkizelik cleanliness pŠklik honesty pŠl intention pŠlwan fighter, hero pŠsgel bermek to bother pŠsgelilik obstacles pianino r. piano pianist r. pianist pida sacrifice pide haydust pijama r. pajamas pikerdeº like-minded pikir 1. thought, idea, opinion 2. intention, purpose pikir etmek to think pikirlenmek to think pil I. elephant II. shovel pile shoulder blade pile cocoon pilot r. pilot pilotka r. female pilot pionir r. pioneer pionirlyk r. pioneer days pirim trick, strategem, artifice pirog r. cake piro£ny r. little cakes pis 1. bad 2. suffering pisint oturmak to like pislemek to go bad pisse pistachio pistolet r. pistol piºek crutch piºik cat piºme r. fried bread piti pot pitiki n. crack pitikilemek 1. to click one's tongue 2. to snap one's fingers pitirdemek 1. to vomit 2. to crawl away pitne mutiny, rebellion pitnesi rebel piwa r. beer plakat r. poster, placard plan r. plan planaºdyrmak r. to plan planeta r. planet planetara r. between planets planly r. planned planlyk r. planning plastilin r. plasticine plastinka r. vinyl record plaº r. raincoat platforma r. platform pleØonka r. film, roll of film plita r. 1. slab 2. stove, range plomwa r. filling (for a tooth) plomwalamak r. to seal, fill in plug r. plow plØa£ r. beach plØus r. plus poerk r. hand-writing pota mail, post potalon r. mailman podoº r. anat. sole podpole r. n. underground podpolenyØ r. adj. underground podrazdelenie r. subdivision podwal r. cellar, basement podØezd r. 1. driveway, entrance 2. porch poema r. poem poeztik r. poetic pogon r. shoulder strap pokryºka r. cover, lid pol r. 1. floor 2. half 3. sex pola£hitel r. affirmative polat steel poliklinika r. polyclinic politeknika r. polytechnic Turkmen/English Dictionary 52 polk r. 1. regiment 2. shelf polkownik r. colonel pollamak 1. to lay, spread 2. to pave polotenste r. towel polotno r. linen polØak r. Pole polØar r. polar polØus r. pole, terminal pomidor r. tomato populØar r. popular poroºak r. powder porsy stench, stink porsyn r. bed sheet porºen r. portion port 1. brittle, frail, fragile 2. r. port portfel r. briefcase portret r. portrait portsiØa r. portion portugal r. Portugal pos rust posly rusty possun fur (coat) post r. 1. post 2. fast (religious) posulka r. parcel posØolok r. settlement potolok r. ceiling potratylyk contract potratlaØyn piece (of work) powest r. story powestka r. summons pozitsiØa r. position pškgi 1. ball 2. chubby, plump pškremek to swell pškretmek to inflate praktika r. practice predmet r. object premera r. premier prentsip r. principle preparat r. preparation pres-konferentisiØa r. press conference preslemek to press prezent child, baby prezi queen (in chess) prezident r. president prezidium r. presidium printsipal r. of principle pristan r. pier, quay pristawka r. prefix priz r. prize problema r. problem professional r. professional professor r. professor profsoØuz r. trade union prognoz r. prognosis programa r. program progres r. progress progressiw r. progressive progul etmek to shirk progul truancy projhektor r. searchlight prokuratura r. office of the public prosecutor prokuror r. public prosecutor proletariat r. proletariat proletor r. proletarian propaganda r. propoganda propagandirlemek r. to propagate propusk r. omission, blank, absence prospekt r. avenue protest r. protest protez r. artificial limb protokol r. protocol protsent r. percent protses r. process prowlenie r. 1. government 2. management, board, administration prowodnik r. guide, conductor prowokatsiØa r. provocation proØekt r. project, plan proØektirlemek to project proza r. prose prozai r. prose writer pru£in r. spring, source pu empty, hollow pudak branch, twig pudaklamak to branch out pugta 1. firm, solid, longlasting, durable 2. serious pugtalandurmak 1. to consolidate 2. to stabilize pugtalyk firmness pukara n. poor pukaralyk poverty pul money pulemØot r. machine gun punkt r. 1. station, place 2. point, item punktuatsiØa punctuation pursat time, moment puºman etmek to regret, pity puºman getermek to compel puºman regret, pity putØowka r. pass, permit pŸr crown pŸrepŸr overcrowded, overflowing pŸrepŸrlemek to overfill pŸrkmek splash, shuffle, sprinkle pŸrs 1. hollow 2. beam pØan drunk pØure r. puree pyak knife, blade pyaklamak to knife, stab pygy saw pygamber prophet pygyl intention, design, purpose pykyrdamak 1. to seethe 2. to chuckle, giggle pylan a certain, some pylana a certain (time, amount) pylamak to crack, strike pyntyk 1. bud 2. kidney pyntyklamak 1. to enlist, recruit 2. to dial (telephone) py–kyrmak to leap pyrlamak 1. to twist, twirl 2. to roll up pyrlanmak to twist oneself pyssarmak 1. to wither, fade 2. to give up hope pyºbaga turtle pyºdyl turtle pyºyrdamak to whisper pyºyrdy whisper pytramak 1. to crumble 2. to disperse pyØada by foot pyØadalamak to go by foot pyØaluºka little cup pyzmak to hurl, fling Turkmen/English Dictionary 53 R radio r. radio radionpryomnik r. receiving set radiostantsiØa r. radio station radiouzel r. radio center radist r. radio operator radius r. radius rahat 1. peace 2. peaceful; quiet rahat peaceful rahatlanmak to calm down; subside; become quiet rahatlyk rest; repose; peace rahatsyzlandyrmak to alarm; disquiet; disturb rahatsyzlanmak to be upset; anxious; alarmed raketa r. rocket raport r. raport rasØot r. calculation; estimation; settlement of accounts raspisaniØe r. schedule ratsionaylyk r. rationality ratsionalizator rationalist raund r. round (of a competition) raØat nationality; citizenship raØat- bolmak to become a citizen raØdaº someone in sympathy with others raØdaºlyk solidarity raØon r. region razrØad r. category; class razwedka r. 1. geol, prospecting 2. reconnaissance party 3. secret service razwedkay r. 1. scout 2. secret service officer, intelligence officer razØlyk 1. contentment ; satisfaction 2. agreement razy 1. content ; satisfied 2. agreeable razy bolmazlyk disagreement razy in agreement with razylaºmak 1. to make an agreement 2. to forgive 3. to reconcile razylaºmak to agree razylyk harmony reaksion r. reactionary reaksiØa r. reaction reaktiw r. reactive real r. real realistik r. realistic realizm r. realism redaksion r. editing redaksiØa r. editorial staff redaktirlemek r. to edit redaktor r. editor redaktorlyk r. editorship rediska r. radish reforma r. reform regbi r. rugby regbii r. rugby player registrasiØa r. registration registratura r. registry registrirlemek r. to register regulirlemek r. to regulate regulØar r. regular rehim pity, compassion rehimdar generous, compassionate, sorrowful rehimli generous, compassionate, sorrowful rehimsiz ruthless, heartless, soulless reje 1. sign, feature, characteristic 2. order, way, conditions rejelemek to bring, lead, result in rejeli accurate, punctual, neat, tidy reklama r. advertisement rekomendasiØa r. recommendation rekord r. record rektor r. president, rector, chancellor rektorlyk r. rectorship rels r. rails, track remont r. repair(s) rende plane rendelemek to plane rentgen r. X-ray(s) re–be-re– multi-colored re–k 1. paint 2. color re–klemek to paint, color re–kli colorful, colored repetisiØa r. rehearsal replika r. replica resmi official, formal resmileºdirmek to form, shape, legalize respublika r. republic respublikan r. republican restoran r. restaurant resurs r. resource ret etmek to deflect, dissuade, reject retsept r. recipe rewolØusion r. revolutionary rewolØusiØa r. revolution reØs r. flight, voyage, trip rezerw r. reserve(s) rezhim r. regime rezhissØor r. stage manager rezin r. rubber rezolØusiØa r. resolution rŠhnet 1. well-being 2. bliss rŠhnetli blissful rifma r. rhyme rol r. part, role rolik r. roller rom r. rhombus roman r. novel rota r. company rowa bolmak to be worthy rowa worthy, well-deserved rowa successful, good rowalanmak to attain success rowaØat legend, story roØal r. grand piano ršwºen radiant, brilliant, light, joyful ruka r. pen rugsat permission ruh I. soul, spirit, mood II. r. rook (of chess) ruh spirit, soul ruhlandyrmak to inspire ruhlanmak to feel inspired ruhubelent inspired ruhubelentlik inspiration ruhy spiritual, mental, ecclesiastical, religious rul r. steering wheel rumyn r. Romanian rus Russian rusa Russian language rusalamak to speak in Russian rØadowoØ 1. r. ordinary 2. r. private (class of soldier) Turkmen/English Dictionary 54 rØukzak r. rucksack,backpack S sabamak 1. to diminish 2. to release, to get rid of 3. to be empty sabyn soap sabynlamak to wash with soap sabyr et "God bless you" (said after a sneeze) sabyr patience sabyrly patient sabyrlylyk patience sa hair sa šrŸmi braid, plait sada 1. simple 2. sincere sadalyk simplicity sadap button sag aman safely sag I. health sag bol!=be healthy/thank you! II. right sag-gurgun sag-gurgun gezip Øšremek=to be in a good mood, healthy sagalmak to recover sagat I.healthy II. 1. watch 2. hour sagatlyk hour's worth sagdyn healthy sagdynlaºdyrmak to cure, treat, take care of sagdyrmak to make someone milk a cow saglyk health sagmak to milk sagry back of a horse/donkey sagym mirage sagymy milkmaid sagynmak to pause, hesitate, delay sahap cover sahna stage sahypa page sak vigilant, watchful saka divide, watershed sakar kelle bald sakaw stutterer saky watchman sakgal beard saklamak 1. to keep 2. to store 3. to detain 4. to take care of, oversee, act as a guardian 5. to retain 6. to support 7. to keep from someone 8. to make someone do something saklanan second-hand saklanmak to restrain one's self saklaØyº upkeep, maintenence sakydamak to tweet sakyrdama!=shut up! sakynmak to stutter sakyrtga skin burrowing animal, chigger sal raft sala advice salam hi salamlaºmak to greet, say "hi" salat r. salad salawmaleØkim may peace be upon you saldamly heavy, ponderous salfetka r. napkin salgamak to wave, flap salgy atmak to find out about salgylanmak to refer to, cite salgym mirage salgyt tribute, payment, tax salgyt tšlemek=to pay taxes salkym bunch, cluster bir salym ŸzŸm=a bunch of grapes salkyn cool salkynlamak to become cool sallah bachelor sallamak to lower, cast down, drop, hang sallanak 1. crib 2. swing sallanmak 1. to hang 2. to be hung salmak 1. to place, put 2. to build jaØ salmak=to build a house 3. iºe salmak=to help someone get a job 4. abraØdan salmak=to dishonor 5. to pretend not to bilmezlege salmak=to pretend not to know, gšrmezlege salmak=to pretend not to see salparmak to dangle salpy dangling salØut r. salute salyhatly serious Turkmen/English Dictionary 55 salykatly to be courteous salym one moment bir salym aØak ekmek=to stop for one moment samahylamak to chatter saman straw saman kelle=stupid sambo wrestling samolØot r. airplane samramak to mutter, mumble samsyk fool, stupid samsyklyk foolishness samyrdy mutterings, mumblings san 1. number 2. amount 3. score 4. cardinal numbers 5. ordinal numbers 6. weight san-cyz 1. a great number of something 2. person who has lost his authority, credibility, or honor san-sajak a lot, an exaggerated amount sana 1. leather bag 2. bellows sanamak to count sanandarlyk musucianship sanaºmak to talk back sanatoriØa r. sanatorium, resort sanmak to stab with a dagger sandyk chest, hope chest sandyramak to tremble, shake, shudder sandyrawuk trembling, shaking sani r. sled sanitar r. male nurse sanjak safety pin sanjamak to prick sanjy colic sanly counted sansyz-sanjak-syz a lot sa–almak sa–alyp durmak=to stop numb/ stop dead sa–– yldamak sandyramak=to shake, shiver sap I. 1. cunning 2. shrewdness 3. temptation 4. a row II. 1. pure, clean 2. morally pure III. handle sap sary yellowest sapa enjoyment, delight, pleasure sapak I. thread II. lesson sapalk evasion sapaly merry, happy, blessed sapar I. time indiki sapar=next time II. trip, journey saplamak to clarify, purify, leanse saplanmak to be cleaned, purified sapmak 1. to thread a needle 2. to immunize a plant 3. to combine sar starling bird sarag bandage saralmak 1. to become yellow 2. to make yellow saramak 1. to spin 2. to wrap 3. to tie sar cowardly sargamak 1. to confide 2. to order sargyt commission, message, mission sargyt etmek=to go on a mission sarkmak to drip sarkyrmak to make something drip sarmak sargamak=1. to confide 2. to order sarnamak to mutter, mumble sarp etmek to consume sarpa goØmak to respect sarpa respect sarsdyrmak to shove, to shake sarsgyn shoving, shaking sarsmak 1. to shudder 2. to quiver sarsmaz indestructible,, untouchable, proud sary yellow sarykmak to dry sarymsyk garlic saryØag clarified butter, ghee saryØagyz sallow, yellowish sataºmak to meet someone satmak 1. to sell 2. to betray satyjy seller satyn almak to buy satynalmak to sell sawy machmaker sawylar matchmaker sawylyk matchmakerness saØ sandbank, shoal saØgarmak to distinguish saØgylamak to whip saØhallaºdyrmak to put in order, organize saØlama 1. selected, chosen 2. choice saØlamak to choose saØlanan chosen saØlanmak 1. to be chosen saØlaw election saØlawy voter, elector saØlow election, vote saØmak I. 1. to consider 2. to think II. 1. to tousle, churn up 2. to beat up saØpallamak to subside, hall, decrease saØrak singing saØrak guº=singing bird saØramak to sing saz I. music, musical II. accurate, intact sazak type of tree sazanda musician sazandar musician sazylyk adj. music sazylyk mekdebi=music school sazlamak to make accurate, intact sazlaºyk concordant, accordant sazly musical, with music sebŠbi because sebŠp cause, reason sebŠpkŠr guilty person sebŠpli 1. reasonable 2. with an alabi sebŠpsiz 1. unreasonable 2. without an alabi seek fringe seekli fringed seme bullet semek 1. to shatter 2. to choose segezdan wanderer, vagabond segsen eighty segseninji eightieth seh r. shop, guild seki porch sekiz eight sekizinji eighth sekmek to appear, emerge Turkmen/English Dictionary 56 sekretar r. seretary seksiØa r. section sekunt r. second selen seyØrek=seldom selenlemek seØreklemek =to diminish, reduce sele– 1. space 2. coolness sele–lemek to go out into coolness seljermek to distinguish, determine selle turban sellem bir sellem=a little bit sellofan r. cellophane sellØuloza r. cellulose selpemek 1. to trot 2. to look for sem bolmak to pause, hesitate sem bol!=shut up! semawar r. samovar, water boiler semek to weigh, to hang out, spread out semelemek to fumble sememek to fumble sement r. cement sementlemek to cement seminar r. seminar semiz fat, plump semizlik fatness, girth, obesity semremek to fatten, gain weight semretmek 1. to get fat 2. to put on weight sen you senagat industry sene date senemere ediºmek to quarrel senet 1. trade, craft 2. occupation seneti master, skilled person senetilik master seni–e your way, in your style senitmeter r. centimeter senlik Øš–keme "you" pronoun sentner r. sentner (100 kg.) sentØabr September se–kildemek to leap se––er rampart, bank, wall se–rik bridge of the nose se–se brain-damaged from and explosion se–selemek to faint se–selik confusion, bruise sep I. 1. seam, joint 2. row, line, file, series II. dowry sepelemek 1. to shatter 2. to drizzle 3. to spray sepgil freckle sepgit 1. joint 2. hem sepikdirmek to cut out sepikmek to retreat sepiºmek to join, connect seplemek 1. to join, connect 2. to weld sepmek I. 1. to sprawl 2. to fold down II. 1.to sprinkle 2. to shatter sepºik de– bšlemek to cut along the grain serb r. Serb, Serbian sere sparrow seri sparrow serdar leader serenjam gear, equipment seresap careful seresap bol=be careful seresaply carefully seretmek 1. to look at 2. to look after 3. to stare 4. to glare sereØa series sergezdan bum, vagrant sergezdanylyk hermitage, state of being a vagabond sergezdanlyk hermitage, state of being a vagabond sergi exhibition, show serhet border serheti border guard serhoº drunkard seriºde means, remedy serkerde commander, general sermek to spread out sersag sober sersaglyk sobriety serzhant r. sergeant ses 1. sound 2. voice 3. noise ses-ŸØn sounds seslenmek 1. to be heard 2. to respond sesli I. andj. sound, talking II. loud, noisy sessiØa r. session sessiz 1. silent 2. mute setilemk to line up, to put in lines, rows setin r. satin setir 1. line 2. row setka r. net seØalka seeder seØil walking, revelry stroll, roam, wander seØis horse jockey seØislemek to train a horse seØran etmek to roam, stroll, wander seØrek 1. rare, seldom 2. unusual seØreklemek to diminish, reduce sezewar bolmak to face difficulties and overcome them sŠginmek to pause, hesitate, stop sŠhel a little, slightly sŠhele a liitle, slight sŠher dawn sŠhra steppe sŠwlik occasion sfera r. shpere shema r. scheme sifr r. figure, number sifrlemek to count, to figure signal r. signal sil flood silindr r. cylinder silkmek 1. to shake 2. to brush off silos r. hay siloslamak to make hay siltemek to jolt or shake sim wire, clothesline simap mercury simbol r. symbol simlemek to become infected sindirmek to digest sink r. zinc sinonim r. synonym sintaksis r. syntax sintaktik r. synthetic sintenjiremek to fidget sintez r. synthesis sinus r. sinus si–dirmek 1. to absorb 2. to digest si–e attentively si–ek fly si–mek 1. to be absorbed 2. to be digested Turkmen/English Dictionary 57 si––itli 1. to be drizzled 2. soft food sirk r. circus sirke I. lice eggs II. vinegar sirkul r. circle sistema r. system sistemleºdirmek to systemize sisterna r. cistern siºenbe Wednesday sitada r. quotation sitirlemek to quote siØdik wine siz you (pl.) sizinge your way, as you would (pl.) skafandr helmut sklad r. storehouse skulptor r. sculptor skulptora r. sculpture skwar r. alley skwazhina r. motorized water pump slawØan r. Slavic slesar r. plumber slØot r. congress smena r. period, shift smirno r. at attention snaØard missle sogan onion sogap good deed sogurmak to pull out sojamak to gasp sokgarylmak to be snoopy sokjamak to suck sokmak to insert soky pestle soldat r. soldier soldatlyk soldierhood solgun pale, faded solmak 1. to fade 2. to wilt somsa r. meatpie so– 1. later, after, then 2. continuing 3. end so–abaka adv. later so–ky final, last so–lamak to complete, finish so–ra later so–raundan after sorag 1. question 2. interrogation sorag bermek to question sorag question soragcyz unquestionable soramak to ask, question soraºmak to ask someone a question sorgu tissue paper sorkuldmak to throb,beat sormak 1. to suck 2. to absorb sort r. sort, kind, variety sortdurmak to be angry sortlamak to sort sosial r. social sosialism r. socialism sosialstik r. socialistic sosiska r. sausage link sostaw r. staff sowa by-passed, missed sowal question sowamak 1. to cool 2. to become disinterested sowat literacy sowatly literate sowatmak to become literate sowatsyz illiterate sowatsyzlyk illiteracy sowet r. advice sowgat president sowhoz state farm sowly successful sowmak 1. to consume 2. to divert 3. to urn around 4. to complete sowsuzlyk failure sowuk cold sowuk-sala sloppy sowukganly old-blooded sowukganlylyk coldbloodedness sowuklamak to catch a cold sowuklatmak to give someone a cold sowuklyk cold sowulmak 1. to turn 2. to finish 3. to by-pass, to avoid sowurmak 1. to have a dust storm 2. to blow money carelessly soØmak 1. to skin 2. to scratch 3. to cut off soØulmak 1. to shed hair 2. to flake (skin) soØuz union sšbeºmek to fight sšbŸk hill sše supporter (thing) sšgmek 1. to scold, curse, abuse 2. to swear at sšgŸn obsenity, swear word sšgŸºmek to quarrel sšhbet chat, discussion sšhbetdeº conversation partner sškmek 1. to take apart 2. to rip out a seam 3. to plow 4. to reinvestigate sškŸlmek to rip out a seam sšlpi absent-minded, sloppy sšmelmek to be dumbfounded, numb sšndŸrmek to extinguish, turn off the light sšnen extinct sšnmek to fade sšw-sšw with syryp Øšremek=to hang out sšwda commerce, trade sšwda etmek to make a trade sšwdagar trader, merchant, businessman sšwdalaºmak to bargain, haggle sšweº battle sšweºjen militant, energetic sšweºlyk militancy sšweºmek to fight sšwmek to swear (curse) sšwŸt willow sšØemek to lean sšØenmek to be leaning sšØget support sšØgi love sšØguli favorite sšØli favorite, beloved sšØmek to love sšØnji gift to the bearer of good news sšØnmek to be happy sšØŸºmek to love one another sšz 1. word, introduction 2. conversation 3. speech 4. promise sšzbaºy preface, title sšzlem sentence sšzlemek to speak sšzleºmek to arrange sšzlŸk dictionary sšzlŸklik little dictionary sšzso–y preposition spartakiØada r. olympics spasiba r. thank you spektakl r. spectile spesalist r. specialist spirit rubbing alcohol Turkmen/English Dictionary 58 spisok r. the least sport r. sport sportmen r. sportsman sprawka r. permission spwa£ga 1. pocket money 2. reason stadion r. stadium stakan r. glass stanok r. loom stansiØa r. station starºina the oldest in the group start r. beginning (n.) stazh r. tenure sterzhen r. ink cartrige stil r. style stol r. table strahowanie r. insurance student r. student studentlyk studenthood stul r. chair subut bolmak to be proven subut etmek to prove, make clear subutnama proof sud r. court sudlaºmak to sue sudur outline sudØa judge sugun deer sugunylyk raising deer sumat bolmak to disappear 2. to disguise 3. to conceal sumka r. bag sungat art surat 1. picture 2. photographg suraty artist suratlandyrma description suratlandyrmak to depict, describe suraty illustrated surnukmak to suffer, to be tortured susak ladle susgu shovel susmak to scoop sustupes exhausted, frustrated suºilka dryer suw 1. water 2. watery suwag stucco plaster suwamak to plaster suwarmak to water suwarym watering suwasty underwater suwjarmak 1. to soak 2. to sentimentalize over suwlamak to spray suwsamak to be thirsty suwuk thin, fluid suwuklyk liquid (n.) suwulu sprayer suwulgan lizard sŸbce broom sŸbcelemek to sweep sŸem barmak pointer finger sŸlhi detective sŸle oats sŸlenmek to crown, swarm sŸlgŸn phesant sŸllermek to fade sŸllŸmbaØ to be wet, to be soaked sŸlŸk leech sŸmek earlobe sŸmgŸrmek to blow one's nose sŸmmek to creep into, get into sŸmmŸl stalk sŸmsŸnmek to walk, stroll sŸnbŸl stalk of wheat sŸnnet circumcision sŸ–k bone sŸpŸrmek 1. to sweep 2. to wipe sŸrek ice-crusted, slippery sŸren den, cave, lair sŸrgŸn etmek to exile sŸrgŸn exile sŸri 1. herd, flock 2. group, crowd sŸrmek 1. to drive 2. to till sŸrtenmek to rub sŸrtmek to rub in sŸrŸgi driver sŸrŸm tillage sŸsdŸrilmek to run into something sŸsmek to butt, gore sŸtem pressure, oppression sŸtŸk fur sŸtŸkli furry sŸtŸn column, pillar sŸu goºamak to feel sick 2. to be numb sŸu organism, constitution sŸØdemdirijiler animal sŸØgeºik swampy, marshy sŸØgeºiklik swamp, marsh sŸØjemek to be sweet sŸØji 1. sweet, sugary 2. fresh water 3. pleasant 4. sweets, candy sŸØjiil sweet tooth sŸØkemek to rub, grate sŸØkenmek 1. to rub, itch oneself 2. to pester, annoy sŸØndŸrmek 1. to stretch out 2. to extend, prolong sŸØnmek 1. to stretch out, recline 2. to extend sŸØpent rudder, wheel, handle bar sŸØremek to pull out sŸØrenjen to be at the end sŸØrenjiler reptiles sŸØrenmek 1. to creep, to crawl 2. to be at the end sŸØri oblong sŸØºmek to move sŸØºŸrmek to move something sŸØt milk sŸØtdeº native, own, blood, true sŸØtli milky. dairy sŸØŸm fiber sŸØŸºmek 1. to move 2. to move forward sŸzgu filter sŸzme yogurt sŸzmek to strain, filter sŸzŸlmek 1. to wear out 2. to stick togehter, close eyes from fatigue syan mouse syramak 1. to spray, splash 2. to stand on someone's feet suddenly (?) syratmak to splash, spray sygmak to find room sygym capacity sygyr cow sygyrmak to whistle syhalamak to slice, cut with a sharp edge syk thick, density syklyk density sykmak to squeeze, press sykyklyk whistling sylag 1. respect, honor 2. gift 3. reward sylamak to respect sylaºyk mutual respect syn etmek to stare, observe syn survey, review syn-syn on end (as hair) Turkmen/English Dictionary 59 synag test, trial synamak to test, experience, undergo, try, attempt synanmak to try, attempt synanyºyk attempt syngamak to pick, poke syngylawuk hiccup syngylawugy– tutmak=to hiccup syny 1. alert, shrewd, sharp 2. surveyor, reviewer syndyrmak to destroy, abolish, annul synlamak to watch, observe synmak to abolish synp class, caste synpy class (struggle) synthetika r. synthetic sy–ral hoof sypal straw, thatch sypalamak to smooth, to pet sypalga reason, cause sypa–-serme– sypa–-serme– etmek=to be haughty, to spoil (a child) sypat I. 1. appearance 2. quality II. adjective sypatlandyrmak to depict, describe sypaØylyk politeness, courtesy sypaØylykly courteously , with courtesy sypaØy 1. courteous 2. elegant sypdyrmak 1. to miss, let go, let escape 2. to miss 3. to say something accidentally sypjyrmak to scratch sypjyryk scratch sypmak 1. to release, escape 2. to get rid of 3. to make a mistake sypynmak to have free time sypyrmak to peel, tear off syr secret, mystery syramak I. to circle, whirl, spin (sand or snow) II. to sew a blanket, to quilt syrat appearance, figure syratly slender, slim syra enamel syrdambitin unspoiled syrdaº favorite syrgyn I. blizzard, snowstorm II. row of houses syrkaw 1. ill 2. ill person syrkawlamak to fall ill, to ache syrkawlyk disease, illness syrkyramak to ache syrly weird, mysterious syrma knot, noose syrmak 1. to sweep 2. to shave syrt 1. backside 2. bottom (anatomical) syrtartmak to grin, jeer syrtky back (adj.) syryk pole syrykdyrmak to divert one's attention, to digress syrykmak to flow, leak, stream syrylmak diffused, to diffuse (?) syØa ink syØahat etmek to travel syØahat trip, journey, travels syØahaty traveller syØasat politics, policy syØasaty politician syØasy political syzlamak to ache, throb syzmak I. 1. to feel 2. to have a premonition II. to ooze º ºa king, shah ºabyrdamak to pour, flow, spread ºadyØan merry ºadyØanlyk merriment ºagal jackal ºagala– merriment ºagala–ly gay, merry, cheerful ºagga quickly, soon ºaggyldamak to make a noise, rustle ºaggyldy noise, rustle ºaglawuk waterfall ºagyrdamak to rustle, make a noise ºagyrdy rustle, noise, sound ºah horn (of an animal) ºaha branch ºahadatnama certificate ºahalak branchy ºahalamak to branch out ºahly horned ºahra poetess ºahs personality, identity ºahsy personal ºahsyØet personality, identity ºahta r. mine, pit ºahtay r. miner ºahtØor r. miner ºahyr poet ºahyrlyk poetic works, creations ºakŠse bowl ºakgalamak to split ºakgyrdamak to rumble ºakgyrdatmak to rumble ºakgyrdy rumble ºalgam turnip ºalpy-ºara– 1. complete 2. wet, moist ºalpyldamak to splash ºalpyldy splash ºaly adj. rice ºan glory, fame ºan-ºšhrat glory ºanly famous ºa–lamak to ring, jingle ºa––yrdamak to ring, jingle ºa––yrdy peal, chime ºapak glow of dusk, glow of dawn Turkmen/English Dictionary 60 ºapba quickly, momentarily ºapbat 1. palm of hand 2. slap in the face ºapyrdy splash ºapyrtdatmak to squelch ºar r. sphere, ball ºaramak to take with a fork ºarf r. scarf ºar£ cartoon character ºark-ºurk quickly ºarkyldamak to rattle, clatter, knock, rap ºarkyldy knock, rattle, clatter ºarlamak to rage, seethe ºartyldamak to crack, crackle ºartyldy crack, crash ºaryk fork ºaºka r. checkers (Asian style) ºat joyful, happy ºatlama 1. frozen 2. hard, ringing ºatlamak to freeze, congeal ºatlanmak to enjoy ºatlyk joy ºatlykly joyful ºatyrdamak to crack, chirp, crackle ºatyrdy crash, crack ºaØ adornment, decoration, embellishment ºaØ-sep 1. dowry 2. costly, valuable ºaØat witness ºaØatlyk evidence ºaØatnama evidence, certificate, license ºaØba r. disk ºaØlar parts ºaØy 1. coin 2. nickel ºaØylyk 1. nickel 2. trinket ºek doubt, question ºekel 1. form, outline, sketch 2. image, picture, representation 3. figure ºeker inrigi sugar-beet ºeker sugar ºekillendirmek to depict ºekilli similar to, such, like ºeksiz without doubt, unquestionably ºem candle ºemal wind : Øuwaº ºemal = breeze ºemallamak to be aired out, inflated ºemallatmak to air, inflated ºembe Saturday ºembeºik sticky ºepbeºmek to stick ºepbik resin, pitch, tar ºer scandal ºerap wine ºerbert r. sherbert ºerebe salty, salt solution ºermende wretch ºert I. 1. condition 2. vow, pledge II. conditional, relative ºertli conditional, relative ºertnama contract ºetdaly peach ºeØle such, so, just like ºeØle-de as such ºeØlelik bilen thus, then, so, well ºeØlelikde well, then, so, thus ºeØtan devil ºeØtanlyk cunning, trickery, craftiness, ruse ºeØtmek to do so, to do such ºŠgirt apprentice ºŠgirtlik apprenticeship ºŠhdayk merrily, in good spirts ºŠher city ºŠherara intercity, longdistance ºŠht spirit, mood ºŠnik stone ºŠrik companion ºŠrikli together ºifirlemek r. to cover, coat, trump ºifr r. cipher, code ºifrlemek r. to ciphere, code ºikaØat 1. complaint 2. appeal ºikaØat etmek to complain ºikes 1. mutilation 2. breakage ºillirdemek to murmur ºillirdi murmur ºin r. 1. tire 2. splint ºinde 1. wedge 2. embryo, bud ºindi 1. now 2. still, yet ºindiki present, actual ºinel r. overcoat ºinelemek to get bound up, get entangled ºir Leo (zodiac sign) ºire juice ºirin 1. sweet, tasty 2. pleasant, agreeable ºirrildemek to murmur, purr ºitil sprout, sprouts ºitilhana nursery ºitirdi rustle ºiwe accent, dialect, talk ºkaf r. cupboard, wardrobe ºlang r. hose ºlem r. helmet ºlØapa r. hat ºofØor r. driver, chauffeur ºoh gay, merry, happy ºokolad chocolate ºokolady adj. chocolate ºol that ºona so, so much, so many ºor salty, saline ºorluk saltiness ºorpuldatmak to squelch ºorsuw salt water ºorta sšz anecdote ºosse r. highway, turnpike ºow good luck, success ºowa kšr short-sighted ºowalyk short-sightedness ºowhun din, hubbub, noise, rustle ºowhunly noisy, loud, sensational ºowly successful, good ºšhle ray, beam ºšhlelendirmek 1. to shine 2. to illuminate, elucidate ºšhrat glory ºšhratlanmak to glorify ºšhratly glorious ºšhratparaz vain ºšhratparazlyk vanity ºšwŸr wakefulness, care ºrift r. type, print ººi beet soup ºtab r. headquarters, staff ºtamp r. stamp ºtamplamak r. to stamp ºtat r. state ºtepsel r. plug, jack ºu this, that ºugullamak to carry or bring, inform, slander ºugundyr beet ºum wicked, evil Turkmen/English Dictionary 61 ºumjarmak to sob ºumlukda thus, so, well, then, now ºumroØ deformed, ugly, abnormal ºumroØluk ugliness, deformity ºuna so, so much, so many ºuwlamak to buzz, honk, hoot, whistle ºuwwuldamak to whistle ºuwwuldy whistle, hiss ºŸbhe doubt ºŸbhelenmek to suspect, doubt ºŸbheli doubtful, dubious ºŸbhesiz unquestionable, doubtless ºŸdŸgŠr field, tillage ºŸle rice porridge ºŸwele– merry, joyful ºŸwele–li merrily, joyfully ºwed r. Swede ºybyrdamak to rustle ºybyrdy rustle ºygar slogan ºyglamak to buzz, rustle, hiss, whiz ºygyr verse, poem ºygyrdamak to rustle ºygyrdy rustle ºykyrdamak to rustle ºykyrdy rustle ºylha rags, tatters ºyltak etmek to slander ºyltak slander ºy––yrdamak to ring, jingle, click ºy––yrdy jingle, ring, peal, chime ºyrdak hat (esp. for horseback riding) ºyrkyldamak to snap, crack, crackle ºyrkyldy snap, crackle, rustle ºyrlamak to murmur T taba pan tabak dish, bowl, cup tabel r. time-sheet tabigat 1. nature 2. personal nature tabletka r. tablet, pill tablisa table, list, schedule, scale tabºyrmak 1. to charge with a comission, to entrust 2. to deliver, hand in, hand over 3. to punish, order tabºyryk 1. message, mission, comission, instruction 2. warning, notification, prevention tabyn subordinate tabynlyk subordination tabyt coffin tagalla effort, strain, exertion tagam dish, taste, flavor tagamly tasty tagan vanity mirror tagaºyk convenience, comfort tagaºykly 1. convenient, comfortable 2. close taglymat apprenticeship, learning tagma brand, stigma, strain tagmalamak to brand, stigmatize tagt ripe tagta I. 1. board 2. plank 3. blackboard II. sheet, certificate, deed tagtabiti bedbug, termite tahØa "tahya", Turkmen national cap tahyl box, case takat patience takdyr fate takgaz herring takmyn approimately, about, almost: Oba henli takmyn 2 kilometer Øol Øšremeli bolarcyn = You should reach the village in about 2 kilometers. takmynan almost taksi r. taxi taktika r. tactic takyk exact takyklamak to specify takyklyk exactness, precision takyr I. bald II.smooth, plain, lank takyramak to be empty takyrdamak to rumble takyrdatmak to rumble takyrlyk cracked desert area tal willow talamak to rob, plunder talant r. talent talantly r. talented tala– theft tala–ylyk theft tala–ylykly stolen talap 1. demand 2. requirement 3. claim 4. order talapkŠr exacting, particular, fussy talapkŠrlik exactitude, particularity talh tart talhan oat flour talon r. coupon tam house tama etmek to hope tama hope tamakin inept person tamam bolmak to finish, end tamamlamak to finish, end tamamlanmak to finish, complete, accomplish tamdyr clay oven for baking šrek tamdyra dutar tamdyray dutarist tamºanmak 1. to bite through, take a bite 2. to lick one's lips tanalmak to introduce tanamak 1. to know somebody 2. to recognize tanap rope, cable tangens r. math tank r. tank tankydy critical tankyt criticism, critique, review tankytlamak to critique tans etmek r. to dance tans r. dance tansy r. dancer (prominent) Turkmen/English Dictionary 62 tanymal distinquished, notable, eminent tanyº bolmak to meet (lit. to become acquaintance) tanyº I. known, familiar II. acquaintance, known person tanyº-biliº acquaintance tanyºdyrmak 1. to introduce 2. to acquaint tanyºlyk acquaintance tanyºmak 1. to meet, make acquaintance 2. to be introduced to ta–ka "tangka", a traditional Turkmen tea vessel, placed in a fire ta––yr basin ta––yrdamak to peal, thunder, rattle ta–rybir united under God tap 1. mood, spirits 2. strength, force, power, might tapa rest, repose, peace, calm tapawut difference, differentness tapawutlandyrmak to distinguish, differentiate tapawutlanmak 1. to differ 2. to be noted, to stand out tapba suddenly, all of a sudden tapbat pat tapbatlamak to pat tapgyr 1. group, party 2. round, tour taplamak 1. to whet, grind, sharpen 2. to kill or slaughter taplanmak to be hardened, tempered tapmaa riddle tapmak 1. to find, come across 2. to think out, devise 3. to find, discover 4. to determine, designate, define 5. to receive, get, obtain tapylgysyz irreplacable tapylmak to be found tapyndy find, discovery tapyrdamak to stomp tapyrdy stamping, tramping tapyºmak to help to find something tar 1. string 2. r. tar tarap 1. direction 2. place, land 3. side 4. part 5. group, side tarapdar supporter tarapdar supporter taraplaØyn sided : bir taraplaØan = one-sided taraº cleansing, polishing taraºlamak 1. to cleanse, polish, clean 2. to grind, polish taraz divide, watershed tarkyldamak to knock, rap, rattle tarkyldatmak to knock, rap, rattle tarkyldy knocking, rattling tarlamak to buzz, honk, hoot, whistle tarp virgin soil tarpa sudden, unexpected tarpa-taØyn sudden tarpyldatmak to stamp, trample tarpyldy stamping, trampling tarsuldamak to knock, rap tarsuldy n. knock, rap tartmak 1. to pull, draw, tow 2. to stretch, drain, pull tarØelka r. plate taryh history taryhy historian taryhy historical taryp etmek to speak highly taryp praise taryplamak to praise tas 1. almost: Men tas Øykyldym = I almost fell 2. nearly, missing a little taslama sketch, draft taslamak to give up tassyklamak to ratify tassyklanmak to be ratified taºlamak to throw with force taºlandy thrown tatar Tartar tataºmak to inflame, get inflamed tawus peacock taØ I. stallion, colt II. 1. pair, couple 2. one of a pair III. direction : ºu taØda = here taØak stick, cane, club, pole taØaklamak to knock taØanak foal, colt taØga slippery taØganak 1. slippery 2. rink, mangle (?) taØhar baby donkey taØlamak to balance taØmak to slide, slip taØpa tribe, clan taØØar ready taØØyn ready taØyarlamak 1. to prepare 2. to cook 3. to compose, make up taØyarlyk preparedness, preparations taØyarlyly ready taØynalmak to prepare, get ready taØzarmak to stick out tazy hound teatr theatre tebigy natural : tebigy gaz = natural gas tebip arch. doctor tebit heat, fever tegek coil, spool tegelek I. 1. round, circular 2. precisely, exactly II. circle, sphere tegelenmek to become circular, grow in a circle tegmil spot, stain, blotch tehnik r. technician tehnika r. technique tehniki r. technical tehnikum r. technical shool tejribe experience tejribeli experienced teke I. Teke (Turkmen tribe) II. goat producer tekepbir haughty, arrogant tekepbirlik haughtiness, arrogance tekge support, approval tekiz smooth tekizlemek to smooth tekizlik smoothness tekje level, shelf teklip etmek to make an offer teklip offer tekst r. text telbe crazy, mad telefon etmek to telephone telefon r. phone telegraf r. telegraph Turkmen/English Dictionary 63 telegrafirlemek r. to telegraph telegramma r. telegram telek erroneous, mistaken teletin skin, leather telewideniØe r. adj. television telewizion r. television telŠr awning, shed telim 1. a few, some, several, somewhat 2. repeated, many telkermek to slouch telli-pelli somehow (or other) telpek hat, Turkmen hat telper small little, pretty, fine tema r. theme, subject tematic r. thematic temen big needle temenge pin, saftey pin temmŠki tobacco temmi bermek to punish temmi punishment temperatura r. temperature ten flesh teneir 1. dragonfly 2. earrings tenekar borax tengin heat rash tenmek to pour out, in tennis r. tennis tentek I. silly, stupid II. fool, simpleton tentemek to wander, roam te––e coin, currency teorema r. theorem teoretiki r. theoretic teoriØa r. theory teplisa r. hot-house teplohod r. motorship teplowoz r. cargo ship ter fresh, cool, lastest, new terapewt r. therapist terapewtik r. therapeutic terbiØe upbringing terbiØei educator, tutor terbiØeilik educational, pedalogical terbiØelemek to bring up, educate terbiØeleØiº upbringing, education terbiØeleØjilik educational, pedalogical terbiØeli well-bred terezi scales, balance terjime translation terjimei translator terjimehal biography terlik freshness termin r. term, notion terminologiØa r. terminology termometr r. thermometer termos r. thermos ternaw gutter terne small mellon ternelemek to begin to grow territoriØa r. territory terrorizm r. terrorism ters 1. incorrect, false 2. uneven 3. backwards, inside-out tersine 1. on the contrary, opposite 2. against 3. contrary to, in spite of 4. vice-versa 5. in defiance of tersleºik quarrel, altercation tersleºmek to quarrel tertibe agyrmak to discipline, call order tertip order tertip sanlar ordinal numbers tertip-dŸzgŸn order, way tertipli ordered, disciplined tertipsiz undisciplined, unruly tes superlative prefix tesilli peaceful tesmek to slow down teºne thirsty teºnelik thirst teØ I. bottom II. 1. by no means, not at all 2. quite, totally teØ-ahyr at last, finally teØdar mark, marking teØene reproach tez timid, fearful tezek dung, droppings tŠ right up to, until : TŠ Øe– ØanŠ– gšreºmek = to fight until victory tŠ 1. crown 2. birthmark, mole tŠjihoraz scarlet fever tŠjik Tajik (person from Tajikistan) tŠk 1. odd (in number) 2. alone tŠleØ fate, lot tŠlim learning, instruction, apprenticeship tŠmislik cleanliness, purity tŠmiz clean, pure tŠmizlemek to cleanse, purify tŠr method, means, manner, way tŠsgenmek to suspend, linger, be delayed tŠsin wonderful, marvelous, amazing tŠsir etmek to influence tŠsir galdyrmak to impress tŠsir influence, impression tŠsirli interesting, influential, impressive tŠze 1. new 2. modern 3. latest, current, cool 4. fresh 5. young tŠzee anew, once again tŠzeden again, anew tŠzelemek 1. to renew, renovate 2. to replace, substitute tŠzelenmek 1. to renew 2. to replace, substitute tŠzelik news, newness, new thing tŠzeliki innovator tŠzelikilik innovation tibirdemek to tremble, shake, shiver tigir 1. wheel 2. spool, bobbin tigirlemek to roll, drive, wheel tigirlenmek to sweep, move, flow tijemek to strain, stretch, bow tijenmek to strain, stretch, bow tike piece, bit, morsel, scrap tiken thorn, prickle, barb tikeneklemek to feel, sense tikenli thorny, prickly, barbed tikin seam, joint, stitch tikini seamstress, tailor tikinilik sewing tikmek 1. to sew, embroider 2. to hem, sew onto tikmek to sew tilki fox tilsim secret, mystery Turkmen/English Dictionary 64 timar bermek to brush, comb timarlamak to bring, lead, result ti––irdemek to click, jingle, strum ti––irdetmek to click, jingle, strum ti––irdi click, jingle tip r. type, style tipik r. typical tipleØin r. typical tipografiØa r. printing plant, office tira£ 1. circulation 2. drawing of a lottery tire I. tribe, clan II. r. dash tirkeg sight tirkemek to hook onto, latch onto tirkeºmek 1. to go together : Olar tirkeleºip barØardylar = They used to go together 2. to befriend, to be on friendly terms tirlemek to twist, twirl, roll, whirl tirlendirmek to twist, twirl, roll, whirl tirsek 1. elbow 2. knee tisginmek to start, shudder, shake up titremek 1. to tremble, shiver 2. to shake, quake titretmek to be shaken titretmek to be shaken titrewuk tremble, shake tiz fast, quickly tizleºdirmek to speed up, accelerate tizlik speed toba penance togalak sphere, spherical togalamak 1. to roll, drive, ride 2. to wheel, roll along togalanmak to sweep, move, flow toganynjy nintieth togaØ skylark (bird) togsan ninety togtamak 1. to stop, pause 2. to cease tohum I 1. seed 2. race, breed 3. posterity, descendants II. thoroughbred tohumylyk seeding tohumlyk seeded, seminal tok r. electrical connection toka buckle tokar r. lathe, turning instrument tokaØ forest, wood tokaØylyk forestry tokaØlyk forest, wooded place tokga a lump, clod tokgalamak to crumple tokly small sheep, lamb tokmak mallet, wooden hammer tolgundyrmak to agitate, excite, worry (someone) tolgunyºyk agitation, worry, excitement tolkun wave tom r. tome, volume tomaºa sight, spectacle, show tomaºay spectator, onlooker tomat r. 1. tomato sauce 2. adj. tomato tomazak dung beetle tomsma in the summer tomus summer tomusky adj. summer tonna r. ton tonnel r. tunnel top I. ball II. gun, cannon III. 1. group 2. piece, bit, morsel topala– rebellion, mutiny topar 1. group 2. layer, stratum toparlamkak to form a group toparlanmak to form a group topbak heap, pile, a lot of topy artilleryman toplamak to gather or collect toplanmak to gather, assemble, prepare toplum group toprak ground, earth, land : Ene toprak = Mother Earth topuk ankle topulmak 1. to dash, rush, plunge, dart 2. to have a fit tor 1. net 2. grid, scale 3. trap, snare torba bag tormoz r. break torsarmak to be offended torsuk badger : torsuk Øaly = full, complete, absolute tort r. cake torum camel (specific type) tos-toslamak to invent, contrive, design toºap molasses toty parrot tow 1. turn, rotation : tow bermek = to give a turn tow bermek to give a turn towakga request, petition towa apricot pit towlamak to turn, twist, rotate towlanmak to twist, turn, roll towly twisted towsa gštermek to snatch away, buy up towºan rabbit towuk chicken towusmak to jump, spring, leap toØ celebration, party toØlamak to organize a party, have a party toØnak hoof toØun loam, clay toØunsow loamy toz dust tozamak to dust tozan dust tozanlamak to become dusty tozatmak to dust tozdurmak to wear out (by use) tozga pollen tozmak 1. to wear out 2. to be bankrupt tšhmet atmak to slander tšhmet slander tšhmeti slanderer tšhmetilikli slanderous tšleg payment tšlemek 1. to pay 2. to compensate, recompense tšlemek to pay tš––e stump tšp 1. thickness, density, mass 2. bream tšr head of the table for honoured guests tšrpi sander, planer Turkmen/English Dictionary 65 tšrpŸlemek to grind, polish tštŠnden casual, by accident tštŠnleØin accidental, casual, by chance tšwekgel resolute, firm, decisive tšwekgelilik risk tšwekgellik risk tšweleme excellent tšwella admonition: tšwella etmek = to admonish tšwerek 1. environs, neighborhood 2. surroundings, vicinity 3. circumfrence 4. near, about 5. around tšwir (galdyrmak) post-meal prayer tragediØa r. tragedy tragiki r. tragic traktor r. tractor traktory r. tractor driver tramwaØ r. streetcar transport r. transportation trassa r. route, line trener r. trainer, coach trewoga r. alarm, warning, alert tribuna r. tribune, platform trikota£ r. hosiery trolleØbus r. trolley trotuar r. sidewalk truba r. pipe, tube, chimney trubka r. 1. tube, pipe 2. receiver tukat sad, sorrowful, dreary tukatlanmak to grieve, long tukatlyk sadness, grief, melancholy tultuk 1. soft, mild, gentle, tender 2. sleek, smooth 3. lenient, easy tulum wineskin tumºuk muzzle, snout tundra r. tundra tunir r. tournament tupan storm, tempest turist r. tourist turistic touristic turmak 1. to stand up 2. to awake turp radish turºamak to turn sour turºy sour turuzmak 1. to get up, make stand 2. to waken 3. to begin, to undertake turuzmak to wake someone tussag 1. prisoner 2. arrested person, detainee tussag etmek to arrest, take prisoner tussag prisoner tut mulberry tutanØerli persevering, persistent, obstinate tutanØerlik persistence, obstinance tutaryk argument tutaºdyrmak to heat, rouse, unleash, set loose tutaºdyryjy incendiary tutawa 1. handle 2. railing, banister tutgaØ epilepsy tutma grip tutmak 1. to hold, support, keep 2. to catch 3. to hire out, employ 4. to fill, crowd, imbue 5. to stretch, draw in, pull in tutnak assault, onslaught, onset tutuk 1. dully, gloomy 2. gloomy, sullen, cloudy 3. hoarse, husky tutuº entirely, wholly tutuºlagyna totally, entirely tutuºlaØyn totally, entirely tuty 1. partition 2. curtain tuwaly r. from Tuva tŸkel all, the whole, full, everything tŸkeniksiz incessantly tŸkenmek to be finished tŸketmek to finish, to cease tŸm darkness, obscurity tŸmlŸk darkness, obscurity tŸmmek I. hillock II. full, complete, absolute, perfect tŸmmeklemek to fill, crowd, imbue tŸnt blunt, obtuse, stupid tŸ–e pitcher (iron) tŸ––Ÿn can tŸpe– rifle tŸpe–lemek to shoot, fire (a rifle) tŸrgen 1. skillful, skilled 2. trained tŸrgenleºik training tŸrgenleºmek 1. to train 2. to master tŸrk Turk tŸrkana simple, humble tŸrki Turkish tŸrkmen Turkmen tŸrkmenilik "Turkmeness" tŸrme prison tŸrmŠ basmak to imprison tŸrmŠ basmak to imprison tŸsse smoke tŸsselemek to smoke (give off smoke) tŸtemek to smoke, steam tŸw 1. rice 2. palow (pilaf) tŸwe heifer tŸweleme 1. well done 2. exclam. "Great!" "Fantastic!" "Stupendous!" tŸweleØ gust tŸØ hair tŸØdŸk "tuyduk", a native Turkmen flute-like instrument tŸØdŸki person who performs on the tŸØdŸk tŸØdŸlmek to wear out tŸØjermek to be hairy tŸØkŸlik saliva, spittle tŸØkŸliklemek to salivate tŸØkŸrrmek to spit tŸØlek hairy tŸØs 1. genuine, real 2. just like 3. sincere, frank, cordial 4. definite, fixed, certain, positive tŸØsli as such, like : her tŸØsli = all kinds tŸØt-mŸØt etmek to lacerate, tear to pieces tŸØtmek 1. to comb one's hair 2. to wear out (by use) tØul r. tulle tyg 1. blade, edge : Tyg Øarasy biter, sšz Øarasy bitmez = A blade wound will get bigger, a verbal wound, never tygºyt economy, saving tygºytlamak to save, economize tygºytlamak to spare tygºytly economical tygºytlylyk economy tykyramak to waver tykyrdamak 1. to rumble 2. to knock, rap, rattle tykyrdatmak to knock, rap, rattle, clatter tyl rear, base tylla gold, golden Turkmen/English Dictionary 66 typanan I. slippery II. rink, mangle typmak to slide, glide, slip tyrkyldamak to knock, rap, throb, rattle tyrkyldatmak to knock, rap, throb, rattle tyrkyldy knock, rattle, clatter, noise tyrpma to slide down, slip off U u finish, end uar airplane uastok r. district, region udantutma successively, one after the other ugun sparkle, spangle ugur shoe lace uiliººe r. school umak 1. to fly 2. to stagger 3. to disappear, vanish uramak 1. to come across, meet, receive, welcome 2. to undergo, be exposed to uurmak to rock, swing, shake uursyz very uuº flight uØot r. inventory uØotik r. bookkeeper udel r. specific uglerod r. carbon ugramak 1. to set off, embark 2. to direct, refer, send ugratmak 1. to see off 2. to set off for 3. to embark upon ugrukdyrmak to put right, in order, to set straight ugur 1. direction 2. trend 3. list ugurdaº 1. parallel 2. fair, favorable ugurlaºmak to agree upon, arrange ugurly good ugursyz bad ujypsyz insignificant, tiny ukaz r. decree, edict uklamak to sleep, fall asleep ukol r. injection ukrain r. Ukranian ukuyl sleepyhead uky sleep, dream ukyp 1. capability, talent, ability ukyply 1. capable, able 2. talented, gifted ukyplylyk ability ulag transport ulalmak 1. to magnify, enlarge 2. to grow, increase ulaltmak 1. to increase, make larger 2. to grow, rear 3. to raise, promote 4. to swell up, puff up, exaggerate ulanmak to use, utilize ulgam ridge, geol. range ullakan 1. big, heavy 2. grownup ululyk size, quantity ulumsy snobby ulumsylyk snobbiness ulumsyramak to put on airs uly 1. big in size, weighty 2. much, big in number 3. old 4. significant, important 5. long in duration uly-kii young and old alike ummasyz without end umuman generally umumy common umumyhalk nationwide umumylaºdyrmak to sum up umumylyk commoness, community umyt etmek to hope umyt hope un flour unamak to find, come across unaº noodle soup uniwermag r. department store uniwersal r. universal uniwersitØet r. university unutmak to forget uprawleniØaØuººi¬ r. manager uprawleniØe r. management ur-tut at once urgy blow, shock urkay female urmak to strike urnamak to combine urp-adat custom, habit urºujy fighter urug genus, race urunmak 1. to fight, beat 2. to toss, jerk uruº 1. war 2. scuffle, fight uruºmak 1. to struggle, fight 2. to wage war ussa master, craftsman ussaylyk mastery ussahana studio, workshop Turkmen/English Dictionary 67 ussat craftsman, master ussatlyk know-how, mastery ustaw r. statute, resolution, charter usul 1. manner, way 2. method usully careful uºak small, little, fine uºamak to become smaller uºatmak 1. to make smaller, shallower 2. to exchange, barter utan shame utansyz shameless utandyrmak to embarass, to shame utanja– shy, bashful utanja–lyk shyness utanmak to be shy, ashamed of utdurmak to lose utgaºdyrmak to combine utgaºmak to unite utgaºyk united utmak to win utuk point, spot utulmak to lose (a game) utuº winnings, profit uwlamak to howl uwlundyrmak to cause pain uØa sister uØalmak to be shamed uØamak to go sour uØan bridle uØanlamak to bridle uØat shame uØgunlaºdyrmak to adapt uØgunlaºmak to get used to uØgur Uighur (nationality) uØluk pail uzak 1. far, distant 2. long, for a long time 3. whole, intact uzaklaºdyrmak 1. to postpone, put off 2. to draw out, drag out uzaklaºmak to become distant, move away from uzaklyk 1. length 2. distance 3. longitude uzalmak to be lengthened uzaltmak 1. to lengthen 2. to prolong uzanmak to lie down, to go to bed uzatmak to stretch out, extend uzel r. junction, center uzyn 1. long 2. tall 3. protracted 4. sustained uzynlyk 1. length 2. longitude 3. extent † ŸbtŸk down, fluff Ÿ three Ÿburluk triangle Ÿin for, intended for ŸlŸk three ŸŸnji third Ÿflemek to blow, gust Ÿlemek to divide, share Ÿlje cherry Ÿlke 1. region, land, country 2. fringe, edge, outskirt Ÿl–i pattern ŸlpŸldemek to shine, glitter, flash ŸlŸº 1. lot, fate 2. part, share, piece Ÿmez fog Ÿmezlemek to grow foggy, dim Ÿndemek to put, place, set Ÿnjalmak to calm down, subside, become quiet Ÿnji unrest, trouble, anxiety Ÿns attention Ÿns bermek to pay attention ŸpjŸn 1. in full supply 2. provided for, well-to-do ŸpjŸnilik security ŸpjŸnetmek to supply, provide ŸpjŸnlik prosperity Ÿretmek to fall into the habit of ŸrgŸn dry Ÿrkek timid, fearful Ÿrkmek to be frightened, be scared of ŸrkŸzmek to frighten, scare ŸsgŸlewuk cough ŸsgŸlewukli suffering from a cough ŸsgŸrlewŸk cough ŸsgŸrmek to cough Ÿst surface, top, upper part Ÿst-baº clothing Ÿstaºyr over, about, at, with Ÿste to boot, in addition Ÿstesine to boot, in addition Ÿsti bilen via, by way of ŸstŸn ykmak to win, conquer, vanquish ŸstŸnlik success, achievement Turkmen/English Dictionary 68 ŸstŸnlikli accomplished Ÿºemek to be cold, catch cold Ÿºerilmek to be on the alert, to be on one's guard Ÿºertmek to prick up (one's ears) Ÿºetmek to be cold ŸºŸk sharpness, quick wittedness ŸºŸtmek to feel chilly Ÿtmek to tear, pull out ŸtŸk r. iron (for clothing) ŸtŸklemek r. to iron Ÿwemek to grind Ÿwremek to rock ŸØn sound, tone, tune ŸØºenmek to fear, be afraid of ŸØºmele– 1. crowd, mob, throng 2. party, gathering ŸØºŸrmek to gather, collect ŸØtgediji 1. to change (by itself) 2. to spoil ŸØtgeºik 1. different 2. particular, peculiar, special ŸØtgeºiklik 1. difference 2. modification, alteration ŸØtgetmek to change, alter, modify Ÿze––i stirrup Ÿzmek 1. to tear off, pluck 2. to extinguish, put out 3. to interrupt ŸznŸksiz uninterrupted Ÿz–e enraged, furious Ÿz–elik rage, fury ŸzŸl-kesil resolute, firm, decisive ŸzŸlmek 1. to tear off, pluck 2. to settle accounts with, get even with 3. to break off ŸzŸm grape ŸzŸmilik grape production W wada promise wadalaºmak to make a pact, negotiate wadalaºyk treaty, settlement wagon r. wagon wagºy predatory wagºylara brutal, bestial wagt time wagtal-wagtal from time to time wagtlaØyn temporary wagtly-wagtynda at the right time wagtynda at the right time wagyr noise wagyrdamak to make noise wagyz etmek to preach wagyz-nesihat 1. directions, instructions 2. sermon wah oh! gosh! waharman a kind of melon wajyp important waka event, situation wakgyldamak to cluck (like a chicken) waktsina r. vaccine wakyrdamak to belly-laugh WaleØkimessalam "And God's peace be with you!" (formal reply to SalamaleØkim) waleØkimessalam response to formal greetng walla honestly walØuta r. currency wanna r. bath wa–kyrmak to wail warak no-good, worthless wariant r. variant warkyldamak to croak warsaky chatter, gossip wasp description watan country watany patriot waØ oh! oh boy! : WaØ waØ waØ != Oh my goodness! waØkyrmak to cry out wazypdamak to buzz wazzyldy buzz, drone we and wehim terror wejera shameful wekil representative weli but, but also welosiped r. bicycle welwet r. velvet welØur r. velour wengr r. Hungary wepa truth wepaly true, honest wepalylyk allegiance wepat bolan deceased wepat bolmak to die wepat dead, finished werdiº adaptation: agyr iºe werdiº boldim = I've adapted to this difficult work wertikal r. vertical wertolØot r. helicopter wesØet law wesØetnama will (document) weºalka r. peg, rack weºe–-weºe– very much weteran r. veteran weterinariØa r. veterinary weØranylykly ruined, demolished wezipe 1. task 2. position, appointment, rank wŠ eek! (expresses surprise) wŠgirmek to scream from fright wŠk ouch! wŠºi joker, jokingly wŠºilik lightheartedness wiktorina r. quiz wilka r. fork witamin r. vitamin witrina r. shop window wiØ oh! wizit r. visit, call wodolaz r. diver wodoprowod r. water pipe wodorod r. hydrogen wojatyØ r. guide wokzal r. station (railway) woleØbol r. volleyball wra r. doctor wulkan r. volcano wyjdan conscience wyklØuatel r. switch wympel r. pennant wypiska r. copying, excerpting wyºka r. turret, tower wyºy-wyºy whisper Turkmen/English Dictionary 69 wyºyrdamak to whisper, gossip wznos r. payment, fee wzwod r. platoon Ù Øa 1. or 2. "well, now" Øabany 1. wild 2. out of control Øabºyrmak to sew into Øaby horse Øada or Øadamak to tire, grow weary Øadatmak to tire out Øadaw tired Øadawlyk fatigue Øadawsyz tireless, energetic Øadro r. nuclear ØadygŠr recollection, memory ØadygŠrlik 1. monument 2. souvenir Øadyrgamak to shun, avoid Øag oil (for cooking), grease ØagdaØ 1. situation, condition 2. scenery 3. atmosphere ØagdaØlaºmak to operate, function Øaglamak to grease, oil Øagly 1. oily 2. bun Øaglyk scarf Øagmak to precipitate Øagmyr rain, precipitation Øagny "that is to say..." Øagºy good Øagºylandyrmak to improve Øagºylanmak to be improved, grow more beautiful Øagºylaºmak to be improved, grow more beautiful Øagºylyk benefit Øagty well lit Øagtygšzin by daylight Øagtylgy star Øagtylmak 1. to dawn 2. to brighten Øagtyltmak 1. to ellucidate 2. to illuminate Øagtylyk 1. light 2. joy, gladness, pleasure Øagy enemy Øagyn precipitation Øagynly rainy Øagyrnilik lining, support Øagyrny back, spine Øagyº rain Øagyºly rainy Øakymly nice, pleasant Øakymsyz mean Øakyn near Øakynda the other day Øalan false Øalana naked Øalany liar Øalandan false Øalkamak to pardon or spare : ta–ry Øalkasyn = thank you Øal–yº mistake Øal–yºdyrmak to confuse, muddle, mix up Øal–yºmak to be mistaken Øalpa momentary, instantaneous Øalpak 1. shallow 2. small, petty Øalpylda duran shiny, brilliant Øalpyldawuk brilliant, sparkling, shining Øalpyldy lustre, shine, brilliance Øalta still, idle, lazy Øaltaklamak to examine, take a view of Øaltalyk stillness, idleness, laziness Øaltanmak to be idle, lazy, to tire Øaly like Øaly-la seems Øalym-Øulumetmek to ingratiate Øalyn flame Øama patch Øamamak 1. to mend, repair 2. to sharpen Øaman 1. bad 2. very Øamanlamak 1. to slander 2. to talk, say Øamanlyk harm, damage, detriment Øamaºgan anew, once again Øamaºgandan anew, once again Øanamak 1. lean 2. to press 3. to oppress Øanawu handful Øa– echo Øa–ak cheek Øa–y Øakynda recently Turkmen/English Dictionary 70 Øa–yja just now Øa–yltma tongue-twister Øap ditch Øapbaºak slope, pitch Øapbaºdyrmak to flatten Øapbaºmak to flatten Øapgy cover Øapgyt slope, incline Øaplamak to lean Øaplanmak to lean against Øapmak 1. to close 2. to cover 3. to bake 4. to enclose, affix 5. to finish, to end Øapon Japanese ØaponiØa Japan Øaprak leaf Øapraklamak to be leafy, grow leaves Øapy I. slope II. lid, cover Øapyk 1. closed 2. covered, enclosed Øapynja cape, cloak Øapyºdyrmak to stick (something into something else) Øapyºmak 1. to stick to, hold fast to 2. to be pasted to Øar beloved Øara wound Øarag weapon Øaraglandyrmak to arm someone Øaraglanmak to take up arms, arm oneself Øaragly armed Øaragsyzlandyrmak to disarm Øaragsyzlanmak to lay down arms Øaralamak to wound Øaraly 1. wounded 2. adj. wound Øaramak to like Øaramaz bad, useless Øaramazlaºmak to deteriorate, worsen Øaramly 1. suitable, good, fit 2. useful, helpful Øaran adherent, supporter, partisan Øaranja– toady, lickspittle, sycophant Øaranja–lyk sycophancy Øaranlyk friendship Øaranmak to please Øaraºdyrmak to reconcile (others to others) Øaraºmak to make up (become friends) Øaraºyk peace, reconciliation Øaratmak to use, employ Øarawsyzlyk painfulness, morbidity, sickness Øardam aid, help Øardam etmek to help Øarma grits, groats Øarmak 1. to cut up 2. to blow up, explode Øarmaºmak to climb Øarpy half Øarsmak 1. to be warped 2. to be offended, disgusted Øartma cut, section, angle Øarty half Øary gije midnight Øary half Øaryk fissure, crack, crevice Øarylma explosion Øarylmak 1. to crack, split 2. to explode Øarym half Øarymada peninsula Øaryº race, competition Øaryºmak to race, compete Øasama artificial, false, imitation Øasamak to craft, make ØasaØjy master, craftsman Øasli r. 1. day care center 2. crib, manger Øassanmak to lean on one's elbows Øassyk pillow Øasy flat Øasylamak to flatten Øaº 1. age 2. young 3. teardrop Øaºamak to live Øaºarmak to water ØaºaØyº life, living Øaºdaº person of the same age Øaºlyk youth Øaºmak "yashmak", traditional bridal mouth covering Øaººik r. case, chest, box Øaºuly elder Øaºyl green Øaºyrmak to conceal, hide Øaºyryn secret, stealthy, vague Øat I. mind II. 1. alien, foreign Øata stagnant Øatak 1. bread 2. stall for animals Øatakhana hostel, home Øatalatmak to remind Øatdan ykarmak to forget Øatlamak to remember Øatmak to lie down, sleep ØatymlaØyn 1. overnight 2. daily, a day's Øatyrlma abolition Øatyrmak to abolish Øaz spring Øazdyrmak 1. to unbutton, unfasten 2. to lower, launch, set loose, slacken Øazgarmak to accuse of, charge with Øazgy 1. entry, registration, record 2. note, sign, inscription Øazgyt fate Øazlamak to lead, guide, conduct Øazlyk adj. summer, spring Øazmaa cursive, handwriting Øazmak I. to lay down; write II. to become loose, unfastened III. 1. to spread 2. to smooth, iron, press Øazuw writing Øazyjy writer Øazyk sin Øazykly guilty Øazyksyz innocent Øazyksyzlyk innocence Øazylmak to subscribe Øazylysyk subscription Øedi seven Øedigen : Uli Øedigen = Big Dipper : Kii Øedigen = Little Dipper Øedilik a "seven" (i.e. used for a bus number) Øedinji seventh ØefreØtor mil. lancecorporal Øegen 1. nephew 2. niece Øegeni niece Øegsan etmek to destroy; obliterate Øegºermek to bend; flex Turkmen/English Dictionary 71 Øek-tŸk rarely Øeke 1. alone 2. lone; only Øeke-Šk alone Øeke-tŠk one and only Øeke-Øeke one by one Øekebara personal Øekedaban sledgehammer Øekelemek to thin out ØekeleØin by the piece Øekelik 1. one (the number) 2. oneness Øekemen unsociable; solitary Øekesiremek to feel the same Øekºenbe Sunday Øel wind Øele leeward; out of the wind Øelejiretmek to air out ØelejirŠp gelmek to stroll in the open air Øelejirmek to be aired out Øelek feather Øelekli feathered Øelgin gust of wind Øelgine 1. carried by the wind 2. fig. in the throes (of something) Øelim glue Øelimlemek 1. to glue 2. to seal Øelin gozgamak to lactate Øelken n. sail Øelkenli adj. sail, sailing: Øelkenli gaØyk = a sail boat Øellenmek 1. to be bloated; troubled with gas 2. to be swollen Øelli windy Øelmemek to glue; attach with glue; seal with glue Øelmeºmek to be glued; attached with glue Øelpemek to fan Øelpewa n. fan (for fanning) Øemlemek to stick Øemºermek to be dented; pressed in Øemºertmek to dent; press in Øemºik 1. dented 2. flattened Øenmek to beat up; beat on Øene 1. again; once more 2. and even more; and furthermore : hi zat bile– ok, Øene šwnen bolØarsy– = You know nothing and you even brag about it Øe– sleeve Øe–e 1. the back of the head 2. the back end, rear part (of something) 3. used as a preposition: ye–sesine gemek = to move back Øe–iji victor; winner Øe–il 1. light 2. simple 3. fig. easy 4. fig. weak Øe–ilkelle lightwited; airheaded Øe–ilkellelik stupidity; vapidity Øe–illeºdirmek to simplify; easy Øe–illik privilege; ease Øe–ilmek to lose (a game or contest) Øe–ilmez invincible Øe–iº victory Øe–lemek to become easier; lighter Øe–lenmek to shake hands Øe–leºmek to become easier; lighter Øe–letmek to lighten Øe–lik a cushion-like mitt used when baking Traditional Turkmen bread in a clay oven Øe–mek to defeat; conquer; be victorious Øe––e Øepbeºdirmek to stuff; make bulging Øepbeºik flabby; overstuffed Øer 1. place 2. land 3. earth, ground 4. Earth 5. place, position, duty 6. sleeping area Øer ºary globe Øer titremesi earthquake Øerasty underground Øerdeºikli comfortably Øeri well; so : Ùeri nŠme aØtmaky? = Well, what would you like to say? Øerine in place of Øerine Øetirmek to complete Øerlemek to be settled, to make a place home Øerleºdirmek 1. to lay, place 2. to accomodate, lodge, place Øerleºmek 1. to be situated, located 2. to enter into, be placed in 3. to be staying (at) Øerleºmek to be situated, to get situated Øerli local Øerlikli appropriate, apropos Øerliksiz inappropriate Øerzemin basement Øeser gšzler shifty eyed Øesir captive, prisoner Øesirlik captivity Øeterlik enough Øetginjek juvenille, adolescent Øetginjeklik adolescence Øetim orphan Øetiºik progress Øetiºikli successful, efficient Øetiºiksiz inefficient, unsuccessful Øetiºmek I. to be on time, to make (a train, plane) II. 1. to ripen, mature 2. to reach a marriagable age Øetmek to suffice Øetmezilik insufficient, unsuitable Øetmiº seventy Øetºenlik maturity Øgjarmak to shine Øigdelmek to grow or look younger Øigit fellow Øigitlik youth, adolescence Øigren hatred Øigrenji repugnant, hateful, disgusting Øigrenmek to hate, despise Øigrimi twenty Øigriminji twentieth Øilik bone marrow Øiteltmek to sharpen Øitgi loss, waste Øiti 1. sharp 2. poignant, penetrating 3. quick-witted 4. slim, slender 5. caustic, venomous Øitigsi dim, dull, dead Øitileºmek to become aggravated, strained Turkmen/English Dictionary 72 Øitirim bolmak to vanish, be lost, go missing Øitirmek 1. to lose, give up 2. to spend, waste Øitmek 1. to go missing 2. to vanish, disappear Øoda tropic, tropical Øogsa or else, otherwise Øogsa-da by the way Øogyn wide, thick Øok no, not present Øokan infectious Øokanly infectious Øokarky top, upper Øokarlanmak to raise, bring up Øokarlygyna 1. above, over the top 2. to the east Øokarsyna above Øokary 1. above, on top 2. tall 3. high, high up 4. senior Øokary ykmak to climb Øoklamak to put Øokluk 1. absence 2. poverty Øokmak 1. to come off 2. to get better (of a patient recovering from an illness) 3. fig. to be healthy (of food) Øoknasyz incessant Øokumly helpful Øokundy plank, layer Øokuº degmek to be unpleasant (of words or actions) Øokuº gšrmek to be offended Øokuº sšz aØtmak to say unpleasant words Øokuºmak 1. to come off 2. to get better (of a patient recovering from an illness) 3. fig. to be healthy (of food) Øol 1. road, path, way 2. course, system 3. means, method 4. purpose Øola time, repetition Øolagy passenger Øolbars lion Øolbaºy leader Øolbaºylyk leadership Øoldaº friend, companion, ally, partner Øolgalmak to be finished, used up Øolka r. evergreen tree Øollamak to send Øolmak 1. to pluck, strip off 2. to cut off Øolmalamak to pluck out Øolukmak to meet someone Øolunmak to be broken, to cut off Øomak pun Øonmak to shave, plane off Øonuºga shaving, filing Øo– cold, chill, fever Øo–lamak to catch a cold Øorelmek to creep, crawl Øorgan quilt Øorgan-dŸºek bedding Øorka film, coating Øorkaryk above Øorunja clover Øowar community aid, assistance Øowuz hard ØoØmak to distort, misconstrue Øšne I. 1. gratis, free, for nothing 2. just, only, simply so II. but, however ØšnekeØ 1. simple, easy 2. plain, humble Øšnekme subject (of a sentence) Øšneliº turn Øšnelmek to head for, turn for Øš–keme face, countenance Øš–kemek to denegrate, slander Øšrelge 1. path 2. tradition Øšremek 1. to walk, go 2. to advance, move forward Øšretmek 1. to establish 2. to conduct, guide ØšrgŸnli 1. popular 2. marketable, saleable Øšriº 1. gait 2. pace, speed Øšrite special Øšrite special Øšritelesºdirmek to specialize in Øšrmek modal verb (see appendix for usage examples) ØšrŸº march, campaign ØubileØ r. jubilee Øubka r. skirt Øuka 1. thin, slender, delicate 2. tender, sentimental Øuka ØŸrek good-natured, tender-hearted Øukalmak to refine Øukalyk thinness Øumak skein, claw, tangle Øummak to close Øumralmak to round off Øumruk fist Øumruklamak to make a fist Øumruklaºmak to fist-fight Øumrulmak to destroy, demolish Øumºak 1. soft 2. loose, crumbly 3. gentle, meek Øumºaklyk 1. softness, gentleness 2. looseness Øumºamak 1. to soften 2. to loosen Øumurmak to destroy, demolish Øumurtga egg Øumurtgalamak to lay eggs Øumuº duty, errand Øurt land, nation Øuwan liquid, watery, sparse, weak Øuwaº 1. quiet 2. slowly Øuwaºamak 1. to cram in, stuff 2. to reduce Øuwaºatmak to diminish, reduce Øuwaºlyk humility, meekness Øuwdum a swallow Øuwdunmak to swallow Øuwgurmak to knead Øuwmak to wash Øuwmarlamak to smooth out Øuwundy slops, garbage, dust Øuwundyrmak to wash Øuwunmak to wash oneself Øuwutmak to swallow ØŸk 1. load, freight, cargo 2. duty, service ØŸki loader ØŸklemek 1. to load up 2. to entrust with ØŸkli loaded ØŸksŸz empty ØŸ– wool ØŸp string, yarn Turkmen/English Dictionary 73 ØŸpek silk ØŸpeki one who works with silk ØŸpekilik silk production ØŸplŸk adj. cotton yarn ØŸrege dŸºmek to annoy, bother ØŸregine dŸwmek to decide (set your heart) ØŸrek 1. heart 2. soul, mind, disposition ØŸrek gysmak to miss ØŸrek heart ØŸrekdeº affectionate, intimate ØŸrekdeºlik intimacy ØŸrekli bold, courageous ØŸreklilik courage, boldness ØŸrkese edinmek to bite, have a snack ØŸwrŸk deft, nimble, quick ØŸwse thimble ØŸwŸrji brother-in-law ØŸwŸrmek to be victorious over, to vanquish ØŸz I. 1. face 2. surface 3. side 4. edge II. one hundred ØŸz tutmak to turn to, to appeal to, to apply for ØŸze ykmak to arise ØŸzin prone ØŸzlenme conversion, transformation ØŸzlenmek 1. to turn to, address 2. to direct, refer, send, assign ØŸzleØ 1. small, petty 2. superficial ØŸzlŸk one hundred ØŸzmek to swim ØŸzŸgaralyk shame, disgrace ØŸzŸji swimmer ØŸzŸk ring ØŸzŸnji one hundredth Øygjam dense Øygjamlatmak to speed up, make more frequent Øygmak to pick, gather Øygnak gathering Øygnamak 1. to gather, collect 2. to concentrate, store up 3. to pile up, pack up, clean up, tidy up Øygnanmak 1. to be collected 2. to amass Øygnanyºyk 1. collection, gathering, harvest 2. party, gathering Øygnaºdyrmak to tidy up Øygra shy, timid Øygralyk shyness, timidity Øygren hateful Øygrenmek to hate Øygrykmak to become embarassed, perplexed Øygrylmak 1. to shrink, be shy 2. to waver Øygºyrmak to hide, conceal Øygy thick, dense, deep Øygy-Øygydan often Øygyjy I. 1. typesetter, compositor 2. collector II. harvesting, harvest Øygym collection, gathering Øygymy collector Øygyndy I. collector II. selection Øygyrmak 1. to crumple, twist, wrinkle 2. to draw in Øygyrt wrinkled Øykgynylyk sabotage, diversion Øykmak to destroy, demolish, knock down, overthrow Øykylmak 1. to fall 2. to die 3. to be ruined, wrecked Øykyrdamak to chuckle Øyl year Øylamak to warm up, heat up Øylan snake Øylatmak to warm, heat Øyldan frisky Øyldan-Øyla from year to year Øyldanlyk friskiness Øyldyramak to sparkle, glitter, flash Øyldyrawuk sparkly, glittery Øyldyrym akmak lightning to strike Øyldyrym lightning Øyldyz star Øylgyrmak to smile Øylgyrys smile Øyllyk 1. annual 2. anniversary Øylmamak to cut, hew Øylmanak smooth Øylpyldamak to twinkle Øylpyldy 1. light 2. blaze, flash ØylsaØyn year by year Øyly pleasant, warm Øylylyk 1. warmth 2. temperature Øylynmak to warm up, heat Øyly–-Øylyna from year to year Øyrºarmak to grin, smile Øyrtmak to tear off, break off Øyrtyjy 1. beast 2. predator 3. bird of prey Øyrtyk 1. torn, broken, ripped 2. slit, torn Øyrtylmak to tear, be torn Turkmen/English Dictionary 74 Y ybadathana 1. council, diet 2. cathedral ybarat bolmak to consist ybarat comprised of ydysaty economist ygal rain, precipitation ygally rainy yglan etme announcement yglanetmek to declare ygºyldamak to rustle ygºyldy rustle ygtyØar permission, license ygtyØarly entitled ygtyØarsyz 1. without permission 2. against one's will yhlas zeal yhlasly zealous, eager yk leeward ykbal fate ykdysady economy ykdysadyØet economics ykjam strong, hearty, firm, robust, solid ykjamak 1. to sway, swing, flicker 2. to shake, rattle, rock ykjamlamak to gather, collect yklamak to take shelter ykmak to linger, loaf around ykmanda tramp, vagabond ykrar etmek to recognize ykyrdamak to crunch, gnash, creak ykyrdy creak, scratch ylalaºdyrmak to reconcile ylalaºmak to agree, make up, be reconciled ylalaºyksyz disagreeable ylalyºyk harmony, agreement ylaØta particularly ylgamak to run ylgamak to run ylgaw run, running, escape ylham inspiration ylmy scientific ylym science, knowledge ylymly educated ymam pilgrim (one who has made the trip to Mecca) ymarat building ymgyr boundless, unlimited ymtylmak 1. to desire, long for 2. to aspire, strive to ymykly 1. serious 2. final, definitive ynam belief ynamly 1. reliable, dependable, sure 2. firm, steady, confident 3. trustworthy ynan belief ynandyrmak to convince ynandyryjy convincing, urgent ynanja– trusting, confidential ynanmak to believe, to trust ynjalyk rest, repose, peace, calm ynjalykly comfortable ynjalyksyzlandyrmak to alarm, disquiet ynjalyksyzlanmak to be anxious, to worry ynjalyksyzlyk unrest ynjamak to be afflicted, distressed ynjatmak to grieve ynjyk 1. capricious, whimsical 2. tender, fond, delicate, soft, sentimental yns-jyns nothing, no one ynsan human ynsanyØet humanity ynsap 1. conscience 2. justice, truth ynsaply 1. conscientious 2. just, fair, true, right ynsapsyz 1. unconscious 2. unjust, unfair, untrue ynsapsyzlyk 1. unconsciousness 2. unfairness y––yldamak to whine,. snivel y––yldy whine yralamak to swing, rock yramak to swing, rock yranmak to swing, rock yra– atmak to swing, rock yrga rolling, pitching yrgyldamak to vibrate, move yrgyldatmak to vibrate, oscillate yrgyldy oscillation, vibration yrmak to bend, incline yrsaramak to find fault with yrØa loss, waste ys odor, smell, aroma ysgamak to smell ysgyn strength, power, force, might ysgynsyzlanmak to tire, lose energy ysgynsyzlyk feebleness, weakness yslanan rotten ysly aromatic ysmanak spinach ysnyºmak to become friends ysnyºyk closeness (emotional) yssy hot yssylamak to get hot, heat up ysygra earrings ysytma fever, malaria yº crevice, slit, crack yºk love yºyk light yºyklamak to spy, peep yºyklandyrmak to touch up, brush up, refresh yz 1. trace 2. backside, rear, base 3. close by yza ache, pain yzaly painful yzarlamak 1. to track down 2. to trace, follow, look after, watch yzgar moisture yzgarly humid, damp yzgyt caress, affection yzlamak to whine, snivel yzly-yzynda successively, one after the other yzy bilen right after, behind, following yzygideri consistent, successively yzynda behind yzzat reverence, respect, awe Turkmen/English Dictionary 75 Z zabt etmek to invade, attack zabun cruel zaØot r. exam zag crow, raven zagyrdamak to shake, tremble zakaz r. order, command zakaznoØ by order, by command zakyja jackdaw zal r. hall zalym tyrant, tyrannical zalymlyk tyranny zaman epoch, era, time zama type of melon zamun bail, surety, guarantee zapas r. storage, savings, back-up zaply 1. strong 2. swift, sudden zapowednik r. preserve, reserve zar die, dice zarba swift attack, blitzkreig zarbykdyrmak to wound, to inflict harm zarbykmak to be hurt, to be inflamed zar–yldamak to call, ring zarp strength, force, power zarpy battler, fighter zarplandyrmak to strengthen zarplanmak to be strengthened zarØadi r. 1. charge (electric) 2. cartridge, ammunition zarØadka r. 1. drill, exercise 2. loading, charging zarØadlamak to load, to charge zaryn mournful, sad, plaintive zarynlamak to mourn zastawa r. outpost zat thing zawod r. factory zaØa spoiled zaØaylyk rotteness zaØalamak to pollute, spoil zaØalamak to spoil, ruin zaØalanan spoiled zaØalanmak to spoil, go bad zaØawka r. claim, demand zaØleek to dampen, liquify, moisturize zaØom r. loan zehin talent, gift zehinli talented, gifted zehinsiz untalented zelel harm zelelli harmful zemzen giant lizard zenzele noise, racket zerarly because zergŠr jeweler zerrin bolmak to be stuffed (from eating) zerur necessary zerurlyk need zeØ dampness, moisture zeØilli such zeØren complaint zeØrenmek to complain zeØtin olive zŠherli poisonous zŠhmet labor zibil litter, trash, garbage znaok r. sign zogdyrylmak to spurt, gush, rush out zol all the time, constantly zolak 1. bar 2. band, belt, strip zolakly striped zoluk compulsion zomamak to go, to press forward, to push zomp edip ykak to jump out, to spring forth suddenly zompa suddenly zona r. zone zoologik r. zoological zoologiØa r. zoology zor 1. strong 2. force, forceful zoraØakdan by force, forcibly zordan with effort zorlamak to compell, to force zowlatmak to shout, cry out zowwam straight, through zowzuldamak to worry zšmmek pointed, conical zšrletmek to howl zšwwe immediately, without delay zulum opression, tyranny zut gayp gitmek to run away zŸwwetdin coward zweno r. a link, section, row zynjyr chain zy–mak to throw zyØan harm Turkmen/English Dictionary 76 A a bir a little biraz, alaja, sŠhel, azoblak, birazajyk a lot kŠn, kšp, san-sajak, sansyzsanjak-syz, eneme, gerk-gŠbe a lot of kšpŸlik, topbak A student bŠºlik ability baºarnyklyk, gurbat, gurp, ukyplylyk, ukyp able baºarnykly, gurbatly, škde, gurplanmak, gurply, ukyply abnormal ºumroØ abode mesgen abolish goØbolsun etmek, syndyrmak, synmak, Øatyrmak abolition Øatyrlma about barada, hakynda, takmyn, Ÿstaºyr, golaØ above daºgyn, Øokarlygyna, Øokarsyna, Øokary, Øorkaryk abrasion dyrnaak absence Øokluk, propusk(r) absent-minded sšlpi absolute hyryn-dykyn, tŸmmek absolute pitch owaza absolutely dŸØbŸnden absolutely dry gus-gury absorb si–dirmek, sormak absorbant cotton pamyk abstract kospekt(r), kospektirlemek(r) absurd bolgusyz abundance bereket abundant bereketli, bolulyk, barly abuse sšgmek abusive paØyº accelerate tizleºdirmek, altlandyrmak accent ºiwe accept kabul etmek acceptable makul accident betbagtlyk accidental tštŠnleØin accomodate Øerleºdirmek accomplish tamamlanmak accomplished ŸstŸnlikli accordance kybap, laØyklyk accordant sazlaºyk accordian garmon(r) according to boØuna account hasap account of hasabat accountant hasapy accuracy mergenlik accurate rejeli accusative (gram.) aØypgy accuse of Øazgarmak ache yza, syrkyramak, syzlamak, syrkawlamak achievement ŸstŸnlik acid kislota(r) acquaint tanyºdyrmak acquaintance beletilik, tanyºbiliº, tanyºlyk acquainted belet acquire adykmak acrobat akrobat(r) action amal, perde active aktiw(r), janly activity iº actor aktØor(r), artist(r) actual ºindiki adapt adatlanmak, uØgunlaºdyrmak adaptation werdiº add gatmak, goºmak add a layer gatlamak add on goºmak addition goºmaa address adres(r), ykyw, jarnama, ØŸzlenmek adherent Øaran adjective sypat adjoining garºy admiral admiral(r) admire haØran galmak admirer mudak admit boØun almak admonition tšwella, pent adolescence Øetginjeklik, juwanlyk, Øigitlik adolescent Øetginjek adopted šweØ adopted child ogullyk adorn nagyºlamak, haºamlamak adornment haºam, ºaØ adroit akgan adroitness akganlyk advance ozmak, Øšremek advance in pregnancy agralmak advantage bŠhbit, nebis adverb ahwalet adversary garºydaº advertisement reklama(r) advice ge–eº, maslahat, sala, sowet(r), habardar advise ge–eºmek adviser maslahaty advisors šwŸt-nesihat aesthetic estetik(r) aesthetics estetika(r) affability mylakat affable hoºamaØ, mylakatly affair iº affect degirmek affection hšre-kšºe, yzgyt affectionate ØŸrekdeº affirmative pola£hitel(r) affix affiks(r) African afrikaly after so–raundan, so– afternoon šØle, šØle/šØlŠn, šØlŠn aftertaste škŸndi again baryp, tŠzeden, Øene, gaØtandan, ikilen against gabat, garºy, tersine against one's will ygtyØarsyz age garrylyk, gojalyk, Øaº, garramak, (said of men) gojamak aged garry agenda gŸn tertibi agile alasyn agility alasynlyk agitate tolgundyrmak agitation tolgunyºyk ago mundan š–, š– agree o–lamak, razylaºmak, ylalaºmak agree upon ugurlaºmak agree with gšwnamek agreeable ekimiz, razy agreement ylalyºyk, razØlyk agressor basybalyjy agriculture ekeranylyk, oba hojalygy ah! ŠhŠ ah! I see! Š aha! aha aid Øardam, dalda, goldaw, haraØ, hemaØat, goldamak aim maksat, gezemek, gšz š– Ÿnde tutmak aim at dogrulamak aimless peØwagtna air asman, howa, ºemallatmak air out Øelejiretmek airheaded Øe–ilkelle airplane samolØot(r), uar airs howala alarm howsala, trewoga(r), rahatsyzlandyrmak, ynjalyksyzlandyrmak alarmed rahatsyzlanmak alarming howsalaly alcohol akyr alcoholic drink igi alert syny, hŸºgŠr, howsala, hŸºgŠr, trewoga(r) alertness hŸºgŠrlik alien Øat alive diri, diriligene, janly all barha, bary, Šhli, hemme, tŸkel, her, em all day gŸnaºa, gŸnŸzin all in all bary-Øogy all of a sudden birdenka, tapba all one's life šlina all the time zol Allah hudaØ Turkmen/English Dictionary 77 allegiance wepalylyk alley skwar(r) allow speak gepletmek ally Øoldaº almost diØen Øaly, takmynan, tas, takmyn alone Øeke, Øeke-Šk, tŠk along boØuna alphabet elipbiØ alphabet book harplyk alphabet letter harp already I era eØØam also hem alter ŸØtgetmek, šzgertmek alteration ŸØtgeºiklik alterations šzgeriºlik altercation tersleºik alternate gezekleºmek always elmydam, elmydama, hemiºe, mydama, hernŠ amass Øygnanmak amateur šwrenje amateurs hšwesje–ler amazing tŠsin ambassador ili amiable mylakatly ammendment dŸzediº ammunition ok-dari, zarØadi(r) amount mukdar, san, pylana amuse gŸØmemek amusement hezillik amusing gŸØmenje analysis der–ew anchor labyr ancient gadym, gojaman, goja and we and even more Øene and with that... galyberse-de anecdote ºorta sšz anew gaØtandan, tŠzee, Øamaºgan, Øamaºgandan, tŠzeden angel periºde anger gazap, gahar getirmek, gatyrganmak angle bur, Ÿ–k, Øartma angry gazaply, gy–yr, gaharjan animal haØwan, sŸØdemdirijiler animal breeder maldar animal food iØm animal skin ham animosity duºmanylyk ankle topuk anniversary Øyllyk announcement bildiriº, yglan etme annoy irizmek, ØŸrege dŸºmek annoyance gikilewik annual Øyllyk annul syndyrmak anonymous anonom another šzge answer jogap, jogap bermek answer correctly dŸrs jogap bermek ant garynja antiquity gadymy anxiety howatyr, Ÿnji anxious rahatsyzlanmak any islŠn, kes anything nŠmede bolsa bir zat apartment kwartira(r) ape maØmyn apologize štunmenk apology štŸn, štŸn apparent belki appeal jarnama, ºikaØat appeal to ØŸz tutmak appear gšrŸnmek, sekmek appear in the distance magallaklamak appear suddenly inmek appearance mysala, sypat, syrat, gšrnŸº, kysym, sypat, keºp append goºmak appendage goºmaa appendix goºmaa appetite iºdŠ applaud el arpmak applause arpyºyk apple alma apply for ØŸz tutmak appointment wezipe appraise nyrhlamak appreciation minnetdarlyk appreciative minnetdar apprehension howatyr apprentice ºŠgirt apprenticeship ºŠgirtlik, taglymat, tŠlim approach ebeteØ, emeleºmek, golaØlamak approimately takmyn appropriate laØyk, Øerlikli approval synag, tekge approve of makullamak apricot erik apricot pit towa apron fartuk(r) apropos Øerlikli aquire kuwwatlanmak arbitrariness eden-etdilik archeological arheologik(r) archeologist arheolog(r) archeology arheolog(r) architecture arhitektura(r) archive arhiw(r) ardour howur area meØdana argue ekeleºmek, dawalaºmak, jedelleºmek, (with someone) jetleºmek argument jedel, tutaryk, dawa argumentative dawaly, jedilli arid gurak arise dšremek, ØŸze ykmak arm gol arm oneself Øaraglanmak arm someone Øaraglandyrmak Armanian ermeni(r) armed Øaragly armfull gujak armless golsuz, golak armpit goltuk army goºun aroma ys aromatic hoºboØ, ysly arouse interest in hšweslendirmek arrange ugurlaºmak, sšzleºmek arranged Šklenmek arrest tussag etmek arrested person tussag arrive gelmek, emeleºmek arrogance gedemlik, tekepbirlik arrogant gopbamsy, gedam, gompy, tekepbir arrow ok art sungat, eperilik artery damar artful eper article len(r), madda, (of magazine) makala artifice pirim artificial emeli, Øasama artificial limb protez(r) artillery artilleriØa(r) artilleryman topy artist artist(r), hudo£nik(r), suraty, hŸnŠrment artless gšwnayk as hškmŸnde, dek as before kšnee as far as possible mŸmkingadar as if goØŠ, gšzØ, hamala as it were hamala, hernŠ as much as is needed geregie as one birlikde as soon as dessine as such hol, ºeØle-de, tŸØsli, beØle as though goØŠ, hamala as yet entek as you would (pl.) sizinge ash-pit (of a furnace) kšrŸk ashamed of utanmak ashes kŸl ashtray kŸldan ask eØgermek, dilemek, soramak, soramak, intgemek ask for haØyº etmek ask someone a question soraºmak asphalt asfalt(r) aspire ymtylmak assault tutnak assemble toplanmak assembly gurultaØ, montaA(r) assess nyrhlamak Turkmen/English Dictionary 78 assignment komandirowka(r) assimilate šzleºdirmek assist arkalaºmak assistance Øowar assistant assistent(r), kšmeki, laborant(r) association bileleºik assume aklamak, enlemek asthma demgysma astonishment haØran astronaut komonawt(r) astronomer astronom(r) astronomy astronomiØa(r) at golaØynda, Ÿstaºyr at attention smirno(r) at dawn da–dan at fault mŸØnli at first š–Ÿrti at last teØ-ahyr at once derrew, ur-tut at present hŠzir at random oØlamazdan at the right time wagtlywagtynda, wagtynda at the very beginning ozalynda at the wrong time biwagt at will isleg boØuna athletics atletika(r) atlas(r) atlaz atmosphere atmosfera(r) atom atom(r) attach with glue Øelmemek attached with glue Øelmeºmek attack jenaØatylyk, hŸjŸm, jabjynmak, kakyn, zabt etmek, aralaºmak attacker jenaØeakŠr attain success rowalanmak attempt synanyºyk, dyrjaºmak, synanmak attend gatnaºmak attention dykgat, garaºyk, Ÿns attentively si–e attitude garaØyº attitudes otnoºenie(r) attract šzŸ–e ekmek attractive gšrnŸkli audience di–leØji auditiorium auditoriØa(r) aunt daØza authentic Šhtibar authority at-abraØ, hŠkimiØet automobile maºyn autumn gŸØz available nagt avaracious husyt avenue prospekt(r) average ortaal avoid gaalaklamak, Øadyrgamak, gaa durmak, gagakmak, gaalak etmek avoidance gaalga awake oØa, turmak awaken oØarmak awe yzzat awkward emelsiz, mŸØnŸrgemek awkwardness emelsizlik awl biz awning bassyrma, telŠr axe palta axis ok B baby bala, bŠbek, prezent baby donkey taØhar baby goat owlak bachelor sallah back šwre, geriº, Øagyrny, (adj.) syrtky, (physical) arka back of a horse/donkey sagry back-up zapas(r) backside syrt, yz bacteria bakteria(r) bad bet, erbet, myrtar, pis, ugursyz, Øaman, Øaramaz bad feelings jetlik bad luck betbagt badger torsuk badness betlik, erbetlik bag bukja, sumka(r), torba baggage bagaj(r) bail zamun bake pe etmek, Øapmak baked meat pie ilekli, ilik balance terezi, taØlamak balcony balkon(r) bald sakar kelle ball pškgi, ºar(r), top ballet balet(r) ballistic ballistik(r) balloon howa ºary banal len bolmak band zolak bandage sarag bandit galtaman, garaky bandy-legged aslyk, aغyk banister tutawa bank bank, se––er banquet wreath emen bar zolak baracade barrikada(r) barb tiken barbarism gerbariØ(r) barbed tikenli barber dellek barber shop dellekhana barefoot aØakØala–a bargain sšwdalaºmak bark gabyk barley arpa barren gysyr barrier barØer(r) barter alºyrmak, alyºmak base baza(r), esas, dŸØp, tyl basement Øerzemin, podwal(r) bashful utanja– basic esasy basically esasan Turkmen/English Dictionary 79 basin legen, ta––yr basis esas, fundament(r) basket kuzow(r) baste kšklemek basting kšk bath wanna(r) bath-house hammam battallion batalion(r) battery batareØa(r) battle sšweº battler zarpy bawl ygyrmak bay (color of a horse) dor bayonet naØza bazaar bazar be bolmak be able to škdelemek, bilmek, edip bilmek, baºarmak be absorbed si–mek be afflicted ynjamak be afraid eØmenmek, namartlamak, gorkmak, ekinmek, ŸØºenmek, haØykmak, o–kuldamak be aired out ºemallamak, Øelejirmek be alerted keØkertmek, šzgermek be amused gŸØmenmek be angry hyrsyzlanmak, sortdurmak be annoyed hyrsy–y diºlemek be anxious ynjalyksyzlanmak be at the end sŸØrenjen, sŸØrenmek be bankrupt tozmak be beautified owadanlanmak be bent bŸkŸlmek, egrelmek be bloated Øellenmek be born dogulmak, dŸnØŠ inmek, šnmek be broken Øolunmak be burned up kšØmek be bursting dyzamak be capricious nŠzirgemek be captivated gŸrma bolmak be careful ŠgŠ bolmak be chosen saØlanmak be cleaned saplanmak be cold Ÿºemek, Ÿºetmek be collected Øygnanmak be compatible o–uºmak be complicated ylºyrymlaºdyr mak be concealed gizlemek be cooked biºmek be coupled with garpyºmak be courteous salykatly be covered with mist nemjiremek be dampened nemlenmek be dazed gamaºmak be defeated basylmak be delayed tŠsgenmek, eglenmek be dented Øemºermek be destroyed agsamak, opurylmak be detained gŸØmenmek be digested si–mek be directed e–mek, gšnŸmek be disappointed lapyke bolmak be disgusted gamaºmak be disheveled imeºmek be dispirited lapyke bolmak be divided paØlanmak be driven crazy bizar bolmak be drizzled si––itli be dumb-founded sšmelmek be empty takyramak be engaged (in) meºgullanmak be entitled to hakly bolmak be eroded oburylmak be eyes and ears) gšz-gulak bolmak be faced with duar bolmak, duº bolmak be fallen ilmek be fascinated with gyzmak be fed iØmitlenmek be fermented ajamak be fervoured gyzykmak be filled dolmak be finished tŸkenmek, Øolgalmak be firm ersmek be flipped over dšnmek be fond of gowy gšrmek be found tapylmak, oguºØa be founded on esasanlamak be fragrant kŸkemek be frightened Ÿrkmek, hopukmak be frosty jybarlamak be frozen do–mak be fulfilled bitmek be glad mona bolmak be glued Øelmeºmek be going (on a regular basis) gatnamak be guided gollanmak be hackneyed len bolmak be hairy tŸØjermek be hanging asylyp durmak be happy sšØnmek be hardened taplanmak be heard owazlanmak, seslenmek be hooked ilteºmek be housed jaØlaºmak be hunched over kŸØkermek be hung sallanmak be hungry ajykmak be hurt zarbykmak be idle Øaltanmak be ill hassalamak, kesellemek, nŠsag bolmak, syrkawlamak be improved Øagºylanmak, Øagºylaºmak be in order hatarlamak be in short supply gytalmak be inflamed zarbykmak be insecure aljyramak be interested gyzyklanmak be interesting to gyzykdyrmak be introduced to tanyºmak be isolated etleºmek be jealous imtilmek, gabanmak be knotted dŸwŸlmek be late gijikmek be lazy i––gildi, irinmek be leafy Øapraklamak be leaning sšØenmek be led eØermek be lengthened uzalmak be lifted galmak be lost Øitirim bolmak, gagakmak be made of edilmek be made well abadanlaºmak be mistaken Øal–yºmak be mixed bulanmak, garyºmak be noted tapawutlanmak be numb sŸu goºamak be occupied (with) meºgullanmak be offended gšwnŸne degilmek, kemsinmek, šØkelemek, torsarmak, Øokuº gšrmek, Øarsmak be old agsamak be on one's guard Ÿºerilmek be on the alert Ÿºerilmek be on time Øetiºmek be oppressed ezilmek be organized Šklenmek be out of breath daljykmak be parted dyr-pytrak bolmak, Øapyºmak be placed goØulmak be poured out dškŸlmek be prim eljiremek be propped up direnmek be protected baØrynmak, goranmak be proud buØsanmak, guwanmak be proven subut bolmak be provoked hekgermek be pushed in dyknyºmak be put together guranmak be quarrelsome igenmek be quiet dymmak be ratified tassyklanmak be reconciled ylalaºmak be rectified dŸzelmek be regarded hasaplanmak be related garyndaºsyramak be repeated gaØtalanmak be resolved šzŸlmek be right against galtaºdyrmak be ruined bozylmak, Øykylmak Turkmen/English Dictionary 80 be satisfied kanagatlanmak, o– mak be scared of Ÿrkmek be settled Øerlemek be shaken titretmek be shamed uØalmak be shortened keltelmek be shy Øygrylmak, utanmak be situated Øerleºmek be snoopy sokgarylmak be soaked sŸllŸmbaØ be spoiled ajamak be still Šºermek, durmak be straightened up dogralmak be strengthened zarplanmak be stuffed (from eating) zerrin bolmak be supported baØrynmak be surprised ge–irgenmek be sweet sŸØjemek be swollen Øellenmek be taken with deprenmek be the first š–Ÿrtmek be thirsty suwsamak, suwsamak be tightened bŸzŸlmek be tired irmek, pete– etmek be torn Øyrtylmak be tortured surnukmak be uncaring dšzmek be united birleºmek be unpleasant Øokuº degmek be unsettled gorsanmak be upset periºan bolmak, rahatsyzlanmak be vexed hekgermek be victorious Øe–mek, ØŸwŸrmek be warped Øarsmak be wet sŸllŸmbaØ be widened gi–elmek be worn out kšnelmek be worthy rowa bolmak be woven dokalmak be wrinkled bŸrjeºmek beach plØa£(r) beads hŸnji, monjuk beam nur, pŸrs, ºšhle beany kšsŸkli bear (animal) aØy bear (bring) gelmek bear a burden jepa ekmek bear fruit miwelemek bearable ydamly beard sakgal beast Øyrtyjy beat gŸrsŸldemek, urunmak beat on Øenmek beat up Øenmek beautiful gelºikli, kaa–, owadan, ajaØyp beautiful woman perizat, nŠzenin beauty gelºik, gšrk, gšzellik, owadanlyk because Ÿnki, sebŠbi, zerarly become a citizen raØat- bolmak become a man kemal become accustomed šwreniºmek become aggravated Øitileºmek become chilly igremek become complicated ylºyrymlaºmak , kynlaºmak become cool salkynlamak become dark garalmak become dense gal–amak become disinterested sowamak become distant uzaklaºmak become dry kepemek, kakamak become dull kŸtelmek become dusty a––alak, tozanlamak become easier Øe–lemek, Øe– leºmek become embarassed Øygrykmak become empty olarmak become enervated ejizlemek become entangled olaºmak become fatigued leji ykmak become flat maººarmak become friends dostlaºmak, ysnyºmak become full bitmek become full of oneself gomparmak become furious šjŸkmek become ill nŠhoºlamak, nŠsaglamak become infected simlemek become inflamed iºmek become interested in hšweslenmek become literate sowatmak become overripe mylkarmak become pus-like iri–lemek become quiet rahatlanmak, Ÿnjalmak become rich baØan, baØanmak become silent kšºeºnek become small ownamak, uºamak become soft myjjarmak– become strong gurplanmak become thin inelmek become warm maØlamak, igremek become weatherbeaten gaØzykmak become wet šljermek become wormy gurtlamak become worn out leji ykmak become wrinkled mŸrrelmek become yellow saralmak bed dŸºek, krowat(r) bed sheet porsyn(r) bedbug tagtabiti bedding Øorgan-dŸºek, dŸºek bee ary bee-keeper baly beehive bort(r) beer piwa(r) beet ºugundyr beet soup ººi(r) before ozal, š–Ÿrti, š–Ÿsyra, gaº, mundan š–, š–inŠ before sunset gijara befriend tirkeºmek beg šzelenmek beggar aºaky, gedaØ begin baºlamak, giriºmek, gemek begin to grow ternelemek beginning start(r) behavior šzŸni alyp baryº, hŠsiØet, boluº behind yzynda, yzy bilen being barlyk belch gŠgirmek belief ynam, ynan believe ynanmak bell ja–, jy––yrdy bellow molamak bellows kšrŸk, sana belly-button gšbek belly-laugh wakyrdamak belong degiºli bolmak belongings emlŠk, goº-gola–, goº beloved Øar, sšØli below aºak, ast below zero minus(r) belt bilbag, guºak, bilguºak, zolak Belugian doky bend itmek, eplenmek, epilmek, bŸkmek, aغarmak, egmek, epmek, ga–rylamak, ga–yrmak, gaغartmak, gyºartmak, Øegºermek, yrmak, (oneself) bŸkŸlmek bend back gaغartmak beneficial haØyrly benefit haØyr, Øagºylyk, gšnenmek benevolent hoºniØetli bent egri berries kisel besides daºyndan, ondan hem baºga bestial wagºylara betray satmak betrothe adaglamak betrothed adagly between planets planetara(r) between two people šzara beverage host iirgi beware of howtyrlanmak Turkmen/English Dictionary 81 beyond daºgyn, gaØdyp bibliophile kitaphon, kitapsšØŸji bicycle welosiped(r) big belent, ullakan, iºik big in size uly billion milliard(r) bind bogmak, dolamak bind (a book) jiltlemek binding jilt binoculars dŸrbi biography biografiØa(r), terjimehal biology biologiØa(r) birch berØoza(r) bird guº bird of prey Øyrtyjy bird-house ketek birth dogluº, botlamak birthday doglan gŸni birthmark tŠ biscut kške bit tike bitch ganjyk bite atagzy, okmak, diºlemek, garbak-gurbak etmek, garbanmak, ØŸrkese edinmek, eØnemek bite through tamºanmak biting apgyn black gara blackberry bšwŸrslen blackboard tagta blacken garalamak blackhead dŸwŸrtik blade tyg, gylaw, pyak blame aØyplamak, gŸnŠkŠrlemek, mŸØnli blameless gŸnŠsiz blank propusk(r) blanket odeØal(r) blaze Øylpyldy, labyrdamak, lowlamak bleach heklemek bleat ekremek, mŠlemek bleed ganjarmak blemish menek blessed eºretli, sapaly blessing pata blind kšr blindman's bluff (game) gšzdandy blindness kšrlŸk bliss rŠhnet blissful rŠhnetli blister pakgarak blitzkreig zarba blizzard syrgyn block beklemek blood gan, sŸØtdeº bloodless gansyz bloody ganly bloom gŸllemek blooming gŸlle blotch tegmil blow urgy, šwŸsmek, Ÿflemek blow one's nose sŸmgŸrmek blow up maØyrmak, Øarmak blue gšk bluest gšm-gšk blunt dŸrtme gŸrsak, tŸnt, kŸtek, kŸteltmek bluntly Ÿrt-kesik board tagta, mŸnmek, komissiØa(r), prowlenie(r) boarded up jebis boarding school internat(r) boast gŸplemek, šwŸnmek, magtanmak boasting šwŸnje–lik boat gaØyk bob (of an animal's tail) jontuk bobbin tigir body beden, endam, korpus(r), lŠsh, jisim boil baº, yban, gaØnamak, gaØnatmak, (water for tea) demlemek boiled gaØnag bold ØŸrekli, batyr, ilgin boldness batyrlyk, ØŸreklilik bolt kilt, kiltlemek bomb bomba(r), bombalamak bombastic epeØ bone sŸ–k bone marrow Øilik book kitap book-lover kitaphon, kitapsšØŸji bookkeeper buhgalter(r), uØotik(r) boot Šdik, Ÿste, Ÿstesine, mesi booth kabina(r), atØatak borax tenekar border araŠk, et, Šk, il, gyra, lŸ–, pel, serhet, jŠhek, het border guard serheti bordering araŠkdeº bore burawlamak boring gyzyksiz borscht borº(r) bosom emjek boss baº tutan, baºlyk, naalinik(r) botanical botanika(r) bother ØŸrege dŸºmek, pŠsgel bermek bottle ŸØºe bottom ast, dŸØp, aØagu, teØ, syrt bounce bškmek boundary het, et boundless Šksiz, ymgyr bow egmek, tijemek, tijenmek bowl ºakŠse, tabak, jam bowstring kiri box gap, gapyrjak, guty, tahyl, Øaººik(r) boxer boksy boxing boks(r) boy oglan, ogul boys and girls ogul-gyz brace arkadaØŠn, direg, diremek bracelet bilezik brag šwŸnmek, magtanmak, pa–lamak braggard šwŸnje– braid sa šrŸmi, yrmaºmak, šrmek, šrmek brain beØni branch pudak, ºaha branch out pudaklamak, ºahalamak branchy ºahalak brand tagma, tagmalamak, daglamak brandish bulaØlamak brave edermen, mert bravely merdana, mertlere bravery pet breach gŠdik bread šrek, nan, Øatak, galla breadth inli breadwinner ekleØji break tormoz(r), dšwmek, dšwŸlmek, kŸl-peekun etmek, omurmak break down maØrylmak, haraplamak break inpieces mynjyramak break off Øyrtmak, gŠtmek break out (in a rash) šrmek break through bšwŸsmek break up aºmak break. time-out arakesme breakage ºikes breakfast ertirlik, ertirlik nahar breast dšº, emjek, gšwŸs, gursak breath dem breath heavily demikmek breathe dem almak breeding edep breeze šwŸsgin brew lasyrdamak bribe para briber parahor brick kerpi(r) bride gelneje, gelin bride price galyn bridge kšpri bridge of the nose se–rik bridle kelleki, uØan, uØanlamak bridle a horse nogtalamak briefcase portfel(r) briefly gysgaa brighten Øagtylmak brilliance šwŸºgin, Øalpyldy Turkmen/English Dictionary 82 brilliant genial(r), lowurdawuk, Øalpyldawuk, ršwºen, Øalpylda duran bring getirmek, eltmek, Šklemek, rejelemek, timarlamak, alyp gelmek bring good tidings buºlamak bring grief to gynamak bring in girizmek bring life janlandyrmak bring up Øokarlanmak, terbiØelemek brittle port broken dšwŸk, harap, Øyrtyk, opmak bronze bŸrŸn brood hen kŸrk broom sŸbce brother dogan, gardaº brother -in- arms egindeº brother-in-law ØŸwŸrji, giew brotherhood doganlyk brow ma–laØ brown go–ur bruise se–selik brush otga(r), timar bermek, otgalamak(r) brush against lak atmak brush off silkmek, otgalamak(r) brush up yºyklandyrmak brushwood špleme brutal wagºylara bubble kšpŸrjik, lakyrdamak bubbling lakyrdy buck up gaØratlanmak buckle toka bud pyntyk, ºinde, guna budge gymyldamak budget bØujet(r) bug mšjek build gurmak build firmly ersmek building bina, jaØ, ymarat building site obØekt(r) bulging gŸberek bull škŸz bulldozer buldozer(r) bullet seme bum sergezdan bump pakgarak bump against degmek bun Øagly bunch desse, hoºa, salkym burden jepa bureau bØuro(r) burial jaØlama burn garalmak, otlamak, štmek burn up kšØmek burning jokrama burp gŠgirmek burrow hin burst atlamak burst into kŸrsemek bursting gyrylmak bury gaplamak, jaØlamak bus konductor(r) business-like edenli business-trip komandirowka(r) businessman sšwdagar bustle gaØmalaºmak busy iºli, meºgul, baºagaØ busy-body gepi but emma, weli but also weli butcher gassap butchery šlºŸk butt Ÿwde, sŸsmek butt into dykylmak butt of a joke oØnatgy butter mesge butterfly kebelek button ilik, knopka(r), sadap buy satyn almak buy up towsa gštermek buyer alyjy buzz wazzyldy, gŸwwŸldemek, hyzlamak, ºuwlamak, ºyglamak, tarlamak, wazypdamak by accident tštŠnden by chance tštŠnleØin, ŠwŸlsŠwŸl by command zakaznoØ by comparison gšrŠ by correspondence gaØybana by daylight Øagtygšzin by foot pyØada by force zoraØakdan by no means teØ by order zakaznoØ by pairs ikibir by portions paØa(r) by the clock asowoØ(r) by the hour asowoØ(r) by the piece ØekeleØin by the way Øogsa-da by turns gezegine, gezekgezigine by way of Ÿsti bilen by-pass sowulmak by-passed sowa C c'mon bakaly cabbage kellem cabin kaØuta cable tanap cackle gagyldamak cadaver maslyk, meØit cafe kebaphana cafeteria naharhana cage kapasa cake pirog(r), tort(r) calculate hasap etmek, hasaplamak calculation rasØot(r) calendar kalendar(r) calf (young cow) gšle calico jir call atlandyrmak, oØarmak, wizit(r), agarmak, jy–– yrdamak, kšsemek, zar– yldamak, agyrmak call order tertibe agyrmak call up jy––yrdatmak callous gabaryk, gabarmak calm haØ-kŸº etmek, hšre-kšºe etmek calm down kšºeºnek, rahatlanmak, Ÿnjalmak calmly ine-gana, mazaly caloric kaloriØaly(r) calorie kaloriØa(r) calve botlamak, guzlamak camel dŸØe, maØa, torum camel's milk (fermented) al camera fotoapparat(r) camomille opantelpek camp lager(r), dŸºelge campaign ØšrŸº can tŸ––Ÿn canal kanal(r) candidate kandidat(r), kandidatly(r) candle ºem candy marmelad(r), sŸØji cane i–rik, taØak canned foods konserw(r) cannon top cap papak capability ukyp capable ukyply, baºarnykly, gŸØli, škdelemek capacity sygym cape Øapynja capital paØtagt capitalism kapitalizm(r) capitalist kapitalist(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 83 capitalistic kapitalistik(r) capricious ynjyk captain kapitan(r) captivating hezil captive Øesir captivity Øesirlik capture eØelemek caravan kerwen carbon uglerod(r) carbonated gazly carcass lŠsh card kartoka(r) cardboard karton care gšzeg, ideg, ºšwŸr care for alada etmek, aladalanmak carefree biagyry careful usully, ŠtiØaly, seresap carefully seresaply careless biagyry, biparh, hapysa, howul-hara carelessness gele–sizlik cares alada, hysyrdy caress hšre-kšºe, yzgyt cargo ØŸk cargo ship teplowoz(r) carnage gyrgynylyk carnation dalyn carnival karnawal carpenter gurluºyky carpet haly carpet maker halyy carpet-making dokma carrot kŠºir carry daºamak, Škitmek, ºugullamak cart araba cartilidge gemirek cartoon karikatura(r) cartoon character ºar£ cartridge zarØadi(r) case Øaººik(r), delil, tahyl cashier kassir(r) cashier's desk kassa(r) cask elek cast a spell jadylamak cast down sallamak cast iron oØun(r) caste jyn, synp casting (metal) guØma casual tštŠnden, tštŠnleØin cat piºik catalogue katalog catastrophe helŠkilik catch kilt, gapmak catch a cold igreklemek, sowuklamak, Øo–lamak, Ÿºemek catch hold of iØilmek categorically Ÿrt-kesik category kategoria, azrØad(r) cathedral ybadathana cats guzlamak cattle mal cause i–irdi, sebŠp, sypalga cause pain agyrtmak, uwlundyrmak cause trouble i–irdemek caution ŠtiØa cautious aØawly, ŠtiØaly cave gowak, sŸren, kšwek cave in gaغarmak cease di–mek, tŸketmek, togtamak ceiling potolok(r) celebrate dabaralanmak celebrated meºhur celebration dabara, toØ cellar podwal(r) cellophane sellofan(r) cellulose sellØuloza(r) cement sement(r), sementlemek cemetery mazarylyk, šwlŸØa center merkez, orta, ojak, uzel(r), jŸmmŸº centimeter senitmeter(r) central merkezi central design gšl centralize merkeledirmek century asyr cerebral cortex gyzamyk ceremonial dabaraly ceremony dabara certain gŸrrŸ–siz, hatyrjem certain people kŠbiri certificate ºahadatnama, ºaØatnama chaff harpyk chain zynjyr chair oturgy, stul(r) chalk hek, mel(r), hek chamber kamera(r), palata(r) champion empion(r) championship empionat(r) chance mŸmkinilik chancellor rektor(r) chandelier lØstra(r) change šzgeriº, šzgertmek, alyºmak, ŸØtgetmek, (returned money) gaØtargy change clothes alºyrynmak change money ownatmak changes šzgeriºlik chaos garma-gŸrmelik chapati apady chapped gaØzykmak chapter bap char gara-šrt bolmak character gylyk, hŠsiØet, hŠsiØet characteristic harakteristika(r), mahsus, has, reje characterize hŠsiØetlendirmek charge oklamak, zarØadlamak, (electric) zarØadi(r) FALSE charge with Øazgarmak charge with a comission tabºyrmak charitable geirimli charter ustaw(r) chase kowgy, ekankalamak, kowalmak chat sšhbet, lakgyldamak chatter warsaky, gygyrmak, madyrdamak, samahylamak chauffeur ºofØor(r) cheat kezzap cheating kezzaplyk check ek, barlamak check against de–emek, de– eºdirmek, deºirmek check-up barlag checkers (Asian style) ºaºka(r) cheek duluk, Øa–ak cheek-bone ekge cheer up gšwnŸne gotermek cheerful mes, ºagala–ly cheerfulness meslik cheese peØnir chemical himiki(r) chemistry himiØa(r) cherished jana-jan cherry Ÿlje chess kŸºt chess player kŸºtºi chest kŸkrek, sandyk, Øaººik(r) chew enemek, eØnemek chew nuts itgitlemek chick jŸØje chicken towuk chicken pox garamyk chief naalinik(r), baº tutan chigger sakyrtga child aga, prezent childhood agalyk, oglanlyk childness agalyk children aga-uga children's aga chill Øo– chime ºa––yrdy chimney truba(r) chin alkym, e–ek china farfor(r) chintz jir chinze it chirp ºatyrdamak, akmak chisel oØmak chit-chat gŸmŸr-yamyr chocolate ºokolad choice saØlama choke hopukmak choke on dŸwŸnmek cholera mergi choose saØlamak, semek Turkmen/English Dictionary 84 chop kotlet(r), ybyklamak, apmak, kŠtmenlemek chop off gŠtmek chop up keremek chop with an axe paltalamak chopper apgy chosen saØlanan, saØlama chronic šwrendekli chronicle hronika(r) chubby lopbush, pškgi chuckle hykyrdy, hykyrdamak, Øykyrdamak, pykyrdamak chunk ker church buthana churn up saØmak cigarette ilim cipher ºifr(r) ciphere ºifrlemek(r) circle aØlag, aØlaw, sirkul(r), syramak circular aØlawly, tegelek circulation tira£ circumcision sŸnnet circus sirk(r) circus arena maner cistern sisterna(r) cite salgylanmak citizen grajjdan(r) citizens halk citizenship raØat city ºŠher claim zaØawka(r), talap clamorous haØØar clamp gapjawa, gapjamak clamp on to garpyºmak clan taØpa, tire clap el arpmak, arpmak clarified butter saryØag clarify saplamak, anyklyk class synp, razrØad(r), klas(r) classical klassyky classical writer klassyk classmate klasdaº clatter ºarkyldamak, ºarkyldy, tyrkyldy claw dyrnak, Øumak clay laØ, palyk, toØun clay oven tamdyr clean arassa, pŠkize, tŠmiz, pŠk, taraºlamak, arassalamak, otgalamak(r) cleanliness pŠkizelik, tŠmislik cleanse taraºlamak, tŠmizlemek cleansing taraº clear dŸºnŸkli, pŠk, durlamak clear off gyrty clearing meØdan cleave ybyklamak clever berekella, dŸºbi, akylly cleverness dŸºbŸlik click ti––irdi, ºy––yrdamak, ti–– irdemek, ti––irdetmek click one's tongue pitikilemek client mŸderi cliff gaØa climb dyrmaºmak, hopba bolmak, Øarmaºmak, Øokary ykmak clinic dispanser(r), klinika(r) clip endiganlamak clippings galak-galak cloak Øapynja clock sagat clod lokga, tokga close kapas, tagaºykly, basyrmak, Øapmak, Øummak close eyes sŸzŸlmek close to duº closed Øapyk closely duºly closeness golaØlyk, (emotional) ysnyºyk cloth mata clothes egin-eºik, eºik, eºikler, geØim, geØim-eºik, geØimgejim clothes peg ildirgi clothesline sim clothing eginbaº, lybas, Ÿst-baº cloud bulut, bŸremek cloudburst jala cloudy alasarmyk, gamaºyk, (personal) ytyk clover Øorunja club klub(r), kru£ok(r), taØak cluck kŠkelemek, wakgyldamak clump desse clumsy nalajedeØin cluster hoºa clutch gysym coach trener(r) coal kšmŸr coarse harsal coast kenar, gyra coat begres, penjek, aØmak coating Øorka cobweb kerep cock horaz, mŠºe cocoa kakao(r) cocoon pile coddled lŠlik code ºifr(r), ºifrlemek(r), (of law) kodeks(r) coffee kofe(r) coffin tabyt cogitate šlºermek coil tegek coin ºaØy, te––e, ekankalamak coincide gabat gelmek cold sowuk, sowuklyk, Øo– coldbloodedness sowukganlylyk colic sanjy collaboration hyzmat daºlyk collapse lagºamak collar hamyt, hamytlamak colleague iºdes, iºger, iºgŠr, kŠrdeº collect ŸØºŸrmek, Øygnamak, ykjamlamak, šplemek collection kolleksiØa(r), Øygnanyºyk, Øygym collective farm kolhoz(r) collective farmer kolhozi(r) collector Øygymy collide akyºmak, aknyºmak, (head on) kaklyºmak collision aknyºyk cologne odekolon(r) colonel polkownik(r) colonial bakyna, koloniØal(r), golasty colony kolonoØa(r) color re–klemek, re–k colored re–kli colorful re–kli colt taØanak, taØ column kolonna(r), sŸtŸn, sŸtŸn comb darak, keke, timar bermek, daramak comb one's hair tŸØtmek combine kombaØn(r), urnamak, utgaºdyrmak, sapmak come gelmek come across tapmak, unamak, akyºmak, uramak come apart aºmak come back dolanmak come down škmek, dŸºmek come down on dazarylmak come late gilemek come off Øokmak, Øokuºmak come on! davaØ(r) come taking alyp gelmek come the point dilleºmek come to duº gelmek come to life direlmek, janlanmak come untied šzŸlmek come up gšgermek comedy komediØa(r) comfort tagaºyk comfortable amatly, jaØlaºykly, ynjalykly, emeli, tagaºykly comfortably ornaºykly, Øerdeºikli coming barlyºyk coming out nejat comission tabºyryk comma otur command buØruk, komandowanie(r), buØurmak, hškŸm, zakaz(r) commandant komendant(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 85 commander komandir(r), komanduØyiØ(r), serkerde commerce aluw-satuw, sšwda, sšwda commissar komissar(r) commission komissiØa(r), sargyt commissions hysyrdy committe komitet(r) committee komissiØa(r) commodity haryt common umumy common cold dŸmew common people (???) garamaØak commoness umumylyk communism kommunizm(r) communist kommunist(r) communist youth league komsomol(r) community umumylyk community aid Øowar companion ºŠrik, Øoldaº company kampaniØa, rota(r) comparison me–zetme compartment (on a train) kupe(r) compass kompas(r) compassion mŠhri, rehim compassionate dšzŸmsiz, rehimdar, rehimli compel puºman getermek, zorlamak compensate tšlemek compensation šwez compete Øaryºmak compete with apyºmak competition konkurs(r), Øaryº compiler dŸzŸji complain kŠØinmek, ºikaØat etmek, zeØrenmek, nalamak complaint nalyº, ºikaØat, zeØren, nala complete ºalpy-ºara–, hyryndykyn, tamamlanmak, tŸmmek, torsuk, aØyrmak, so– lamak, Øerine Øetirmek, aØrylmak, (a set) komplektlemek(r), komplekt(r) completely bŸtinleØ complex ylºyrymly, kompleks(r) complicate kynlaºdyrmak complicated ylºyrymly compliment šwmek component goºulyjy compose taØyarlamak composed dŸzŸwli, gi– composer kompozitor(r), dŸzŸji composite kompleksleØin(r) composition dŸzme, dŸzŸm, eser compositor Øygyjy compound goºma comprehensive hemmetaraplaØ yn compress kompres(r) comprised of ybarat compulsion jebir, jepa, zoluk compulsory mejbury, hškmany conceal jaØlamak, Øygºyrmak, bukmak, gizlenmek, lak bolmak, Øaºyrmak, sumat bolmak conceit men-menlik conceited gompy, gopbamsy concentrate Øygnamak concern degirmek concerning degiºli, dogruda concert konsert(r) concerted maslahatlaylyk concession egliºik conclusion gutaryº, netije, karar concordant sazlaºyk concourse hŸmer concrete beton(r) condition ºert, ØagdaØ conditional ºertli conditions o––ut conduct šzŸni alyp baryº, Øazlamak, geirmek, Øšretmek conductor geiriji, prowodnik(r), (of a band or orchestra) dirijØor(r), (on a train) konductor(r) confer maslahatlaºmak conference konferensiØa(r), mejlis, gurultaØ, maslahat confess boØun almak confide sargamak, sarmak confidential ynanja– conflict dawa conform laØyk bolmak conformity kybap confuse Øal–yºdyrmak, alºyrmak confused garjaºmak confusion bulam-bujar, se–selik, garma-gŸrmelik, haØa congeal ºatlamak congratulate gutlamak congratulation mŸbŠrek congratulations gutlag congress kongres(r), slØot(r) conical Ÿri, zšmmek connect baglamak, sepiºmek, seplemek, itmek connection itim, arabaglanºyk, aragatnaºyk conquer ŸstŸn ykmak, Øe– mek, eØelemek conscience wyjdan, ynsap, namys conscientious ynsaply consciousness mŸØn consecutive birsydyrgyn consequently netijede conservatory konserwatoriØa(r) consider hasaplamak, Šsgermek, saØmak considerable esli, ŠhmiØetli consideration oØlanma considered hasaplanmak, oØlanyºykly consist ybarat bolmak consistent kanagatly, yzygideri consolidate pugtalandurmak, jebisleºmek consolidation jebislik consonant ekimsiz ses conspiracy dildŸwºŸk constantly zol constitution konstitutsiØa(r), sŸu construction gurluº, gurluºlyk, konstruksiØa(r) consul konsul(r) consulate konsulhana(r), konsullyk(r) consult hštde gelmek, aramak, maslahatlamak consultation konsultasiØa(r) consume sarp etmek, sowmak contain eklemek contemporary hŠzirki, (peer) dšwŸrdeº content mazmuny, razy contentment razØlyk contest konkurs(r) continent materik continental kontinental(r) contingent kontingent(r) continual ykgynsyz continually dura-bara, durdugya continue dowam etmek continuous birsyhly contract potratylyk, ºertnama contradictory gapma-garºy contribution goºant contrive tos-toslamak control kontrol(r), kontrollyk(r), dolandyrmak, geirmek controller kontrolØor(r) controversy ekeleºik convenience tagaºyk convenient emeli, tagaºykly convenient situation eme convention gurultaØ conversation gep-gŸrrŸ–, gep, gŸrrŸ–, sšz conversation partner sšhbetdeº conversational geplemºek Turkmen/English Dictionary 86 converse gepleºmek, gŸrrŸ– deºmek conversion ØŸzlenme convex gŸberek convey gowºuramak conveyor konweØer(r) convince ynandyrmak convincing ynandyryjy, degerli cook aºpez, biºirmek, taØyarlamak cookie kške, peenØa(r) cool salkyn, ters, sowamak coolness sele– cooperative kooperatiw(r) coopertation hyzmat daºlyk coordinated maslahatlaylyk cope o–armak, šzleºdirmek copper mis copy kopiØa(r), nusga, ekzemplØar(r) copying wypiska(r) coquetry nŠz coquettish nŠzli core šzencork dyky corn mekgejšwen corn silk gulpak corner Ÿ–k, kŸnjek, (of the eye) ikge corpse lŠsh, maslyk, meØit correct dŸrs, hak, mamla, jaØ corrected gurat correspondent habary corresponding kybapdaº corridor koridor(r) cosmetics kosmetika(r) cosmonaut komonawt(r) Cossack kazak costly ºaØ-sep cotton gowaa, pagta, it, apak cotton boll goza cough ŸsgŸlewuk, ŸsgŸrlewŸk, ŸsgŸrmek cough up ardynjyramak council ybadathana, maslahat count hasap, sanamak, sifrlemek count in hasaplamak count on arkaØyn bolmak counted sanly countenance jamal, Øš–keme counter kapasa counterfeit galp country watan, Ÿlke, Øurt countryman ildeº coupon talon(r) courage batyrlyk, mertlik, ØŸreklilik courageous batyr, mert, ØŸrekli courageously merdana, mertlere course kurs(r), dowan court sud(r) courteous sypaØy courteously sypaØylykly courtesy sypaØylyk cousin bajak, ykan, doganoglan cover Øapmak, gapak, oramak, pokryºka(r), sahap, Øapgy, basyrmak, buky, Øapy, jilt, aØmak, gaplamak, šrtmek, ºifirlemek(r) cover oneself up kereplemek, kesmeklemek covered Øapyk covering pena covet emenmek, imtilmek cow sygyr coward namart, zŸwwetdin cowardice gorkaklyk, namartlyk cowardly sar, namart crack jaØryk, ºartyldy, at, ºatyrdy, ºyrkyldamak, Øaryk, yº, itgitlemek, hytyrdamak, jaØrylmak, pylamak, ºartyldamak, ºatyrdamak, Øarylmak, paramak crack up atlamak, maØrylmak crackle ºartyldamak, ºyrkyldy, ºatyrdamak, ºyrkyldamak crackling jyzzyk craft hŸnŠr, senet, Øasamak crafted hŸnŠrmentilik craftiness hilegŠrlik, hokga, hile, ºeØtanlyk craftsman hŸnŠrment, ussat, ussa, ØasaØjy crafty mekir crag gaØa cram in Øuwaºamak crane (bird) durna crash ºatyrdy, aknyºyk, ºartyldy, gŸrpŸldemek crawl Øorelmek, emedeklemek, sŸØrenmek crawl away pitirdemek crazy dŠli, telbe creak ykyrdy, ykyrdamak cream gaØmak, krem(r) creamy gaØmakly crease epin create dšretmek, gurmak, dšretmek creation dšredijilik, dšretme creations ºahyrlyk creator dšrediji credibility san-cyz credit kredit(r) creek aØ creep bukdaklamak, sŸØrenmek, Øorelmek creep into sŸmmek crepe byzmyk crest Ÿr depesi crested Ÿri crevice yº, at, Øaryk crew ekipazh(r) crib sallanak, Øasli(r) crime jenaØat, gŸnŠ criminal jenaØatly, jenaØatcy criminal act jenaØatylyk cripple olak crisis krizis(r) crisp kitirdewŸk critical tankydy criticism tankyt critique tankyt, tankytlamak croak gagyldamak, warkyldamak crochet needle e––ek crooked egri crop ekin, peteke cross atanak, ha, aºmak, štmek, Štlemek, (each other) kesiºmek cross one's legs iliºirmek cross-country race kros(r) crossing olum crossroads atryk crow garga, zag crowd hŸmer, ŸØºmele–, tŸmmeklemek crowding dyknyºyk crown pŸr, tŠ, sŸlenmek crude harsal cruel zabun cruiser kreØser(r) crumb owuntyk crumble owmak, owranmak, pytramak crumbly Øumºak crumple lokgalamak, tokgalamak, Øygyrmak crunch hytyrdamak, hatyrdamak, kibirdemek, kitirdetmek, ykyrdamak, hokurdamak crush itniºik, dyknyºyk, kŸlkelemek, maØdalamak crust (of bread) gy–ak crutch piºek cry haØkylyk, aglamak, e– remek, (of a baby) jŠgildemek cry out zowlatmak, ygyrmak, haØkyrmak, he–kirmek, waØkyrmak cry out angrily herrelmek crying agy crystal hrustal(r) cube kub(r) cubicle kabina(r) cuckoo ikatŠk cucumber hyØar cultivate šsdŸrmek cultivation kultiwatsiØa(r) cultivator kultiwator(r) cultural medeni, medeniØet, medeniØetli, medeniØeti Turkmen/English Dictionary 87 culture medeniØet cumbersome gaba cunning hile, mekirlik, sap, ºeØtanlyk, hilegŠrlik, hokga cunning fellow hilegŠr cup anak, kŠse, tabak cupboard ºkaf(r) cupola gŸmmez cure sagdynlaºdyrmak curious bilesigeliji curiousity bilesigelijilik curl buØrak, (of smoke) burugsamak curl up ugutmak curly buØrak currency walØuta(r), te––e curse nŠlet, sšgmek, nŠletlemek curse out kŠemek cursive Øazmaa curtain perde, tuty curtsy ommalmak curvature egrilik curve gyºyk, epmek, epilmek, (on one's own) eplenmek curvy aØlawly cushion dŸºek custom urp-adat, dessur customer alajy, mŸderi customs gŸmrŸk customs house gŸmrŸkhana cut kesmek, biim, kertik, Øartma, dilik, bimek, dilmek, gyØmak, kŠselemek, Øylmamak, irtmek cut along the grain sepºik de– bšlemek cut down gyrkmak cut in kesmek cut off Øolunmak, soØmak, Øolmak cut out sepikdirmek cut pieces dogramak cut slightly kertmek cut up Øarmak cut with a sharp edge syhalamak cut with scissors gaØylamak cutlet kotlet(r) cutter kater cylinder silindr(r) D daily gŸndizki, gŸnsaØyn, ØatymlaØyn dam bent, bšwet, gatla dam up bentlemek damage Øamanlyk damn nŠletlemek damnation gargyº, nŠlet damp ig, yzgarly, nemli dampen zaØleek dampness zeØ, yglyk dance tans(r), tans etmek(r) dancer (prominent) tansy(r) dandruff go–ak danger howp dangerous hatarly, gorkuly, gorkun, biderek dangle salparmak dangling salpy dare milt, milt etmek dark gara–ky dark complexioned garaØagyz, bugdaØ renk darken gara–kyramak darkness gara–kylyk, tŸm, tŸmlŸk, kšrlŸk, gara–ky dart okdurylmak dash garnuw, garyndy, okdurylmak, topulmak, ozmak date hurma, sene dawn da–, sŠher, da– atmak, Øagtylmak day gŸn day after tomorrow birigŸn day and night gije-gŸndiz day before yesterday š––in day care center Øasli(r) daylight gŸndizki daytime gŸndiz, gŸndizine dazzle alarmak dazzling ilgin dead šli, šli, wepat, jansyz, Øitigsi dead body maslyk, meØit deaf gŸ–, ker deafness kerlik deal o–armak dean dekan dear eziz, mŠhriban dear one gadyrly death ajal, šlŸm death rate šlŸm derejesi deaths šlŸm-Øitim debate ekiºmeler, ekisme, jedel, oØlanmak, ekiºme etmek debauche jenjel debt algy, bergi, ykdajy debtor bergidar decade dekada decanter grafim(r) deceased wepat bolan deceive oneself aldanmak December dekabr decent kemally deception aldaw, gšzboØagylyk decide (set your heart) ØŸregine dŸwmek decision šzgŸt, karar decisive kesgin, tšwekgel, ŸzŸlkesil declaration arza declare yglanetmek decline kemelmek decorate haºamlamak, beslemek, bezemek, nagyºlamak decorated person ordenli decoration bezeg, haºam, orden, ºaØ decorative pattern nagyº decrease saØpallamak, gowzalmak, kemelmek, kielmek, peseletmek, peslemek decree ukaz(r), dekrek dedicated janypkeº, mynasybetli dedication janypkeºlik deep u–, Øygy deep thoughts oØ-pikir deepen u–altmak deepen gradually u–laºmak deer sugun, sugun defeat Øe–mek defect kem defend goramak, penalamak defend oneself penalanmak defense pena define kesgitlemek definite mŠlim definition kesgitleme, kesgitnama definitive ymykly deflect ret etmek deformed ºumroØ deformity ºumroØluk deft ØŸwrŸk, akgan degenerate Ÿpremek degree dereje, ak, gradus delay haØallatmak, sagynmak, eglemek, haØal-Øagallyk etmek, gijikdirmek delegate delegat delegation delegatsiØa delicate nŠzik, Øuka delight keØp, sapa deliver Šklemek, gowºuramak, eltmek, tabºyrmak dell kšw demand talap, zaØawka(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 88 demarcate pel ekmek democracy demokratsiØa(r) democratic demokratik(r) demolish Øumrulmak, Øumurmak, Øykmak demolished weØranylykly demon dšw den sŸren denegrate Øš–kemek dense goØry, goØy, Øygjam, dykyz, gŸr, Øygy density syklyk, goØulyk, syk, tšp dent Øemºertmek dented Øemºik deny dŠnmek, inkŠr etmek department store uniwermag(r) depend on bagly bolmak, garaºly bolmak dependable Šhtibar, ynamly dependence garaºlylyk dependent bagly, elgarama, garaºly, golasty depict suratlandyrmak, sypatlandyrmak, ºekillendirmek deposit goØum, gatlamak, škŸndi depraved harap depth u–luk, jŸmmŸº deputy deputat(r), orunbasar descend dŸºmek descendants nesil descent e–aºak describe suratlandyrmak, sypatlandyrmak, beØan etmek, suratlandyrmak description suratlandyrma, wasp desert šl, gum deserted olarmak deserve mynasyp bolmak deserving (of) mynasyp design bejergi, yzmak, hyØal, konstruksiØa(r), pygyl, tostoslamak design (for) niØetlemek designer konstuktor(r) desire isleg, gšwnamek, kŸØsemek, meØillenmek, myrat, ymtylmak desire (for) hšwes desirous of gšwŸnje– desk parta(r) desperate ykgynsyz despise Øigrenmek despite garamazdan despotism eden-etdilik destiny nesibe, igin destroy opurmak, syndyrmak, Øegsan etmek, Øumrulmak, Øumurmak, Øykmak destroy (crops) otamak destroyed berbat destroyer istrebitel destruction hapalyk, berbat detachment otrØad detain eglemek, gŸØmemek, saklamak detained eglenmek detainee tussag detective sŸlhi deteriorate erbetlemek, erbetleºmek, Øaramazlaºmak, haØallamak determination aØgyt determine seljermek determined aØgytly, dogumly detriment Øamanlyk develop šsmek, hars development šsŸº devil ºeØtan devoid mahrum devoted bagyº, jankšer devoted to mynasybetli devotee mudak dexterity akganlyk dextrous akgan dial (to telephone) pyntyklamak dialect dialekt(r), ºiwe diarrhea iagyry, igeme diary gŸndelik dice zar dictation diktant(r) dictatorship diktatura(r) dictionary sšzlŸk die šlmek, zar, aradan ykmak, dŸnØŠden štmek, šlmek, wepat bolmak, Øykylmak, aØrylmak diesel dizel(r) diet ybadathana differ tapawutlanmak difference parh, tapawut, ŸØtgeºiklik different aØry, dŸrli-dŸrli, eØleki, gaØry, ŸØtgeºik, dŸrli differentiate tapawutlandyrma k, parhlandyrmak differently baºgaa differentness tapawut difficult atak, etin, kyn, mŸgil difficulty hyllalla, kynylyk, kynlyk, muakgat diffused syrylmak dig gazmak, kšwlemek, kšwmek dig around for dšrmek dig in dikmek dig into dšrjemek digest lasyrdamak, sindirmek, si–dirmek dignity mertebe, namysja– digress syrykdyrmak dike gay, gatla dilapidated (used of clothing) gšwºŸl dim Øitigsi, Ÿmezlemek dim-witted kšrzehin dimension gabara diminish kemelmek, kielmek, sabamak, seØreklemek, Øuwaºatmak, egismek dimwit kšrlŸk din gowga, ºowhun, gopgun dining hall naharhana dining room naharhana dinner agºamlyk nahar, gŸnortanlyk nahar diploma diplom(r) diplomatic diplomatic(r) direct gšni, dogrulamak, gšnŸkdirmek, ugramak, ØŸzlenmek direction tarap, ugur directions gšnŸme, wagyznesihat directly gšmelteØ director direktor(r) dirt or, yrºak, gŠz, hapa dirty hapa, kirli, kirletmek, hapalamak disability maØyplyk disabled person maØyp disadvantage gelºiksizlik disadvantageous gelºiksiz disagree garºy cykmak disagreeable ylalaºyksyz, mŠhirsiz disagreement jetlik, razy bolmazlyk disappear gŸrŸm-jŸrŸm bolmak, Øitmek, sumat bolmak, umak disarm Øaragsyzlandyrmak disaster bela discernible Ÿmhšrek discipline dŸzgŸn-nyzam, dŸzgŸn-tertip, tertibe agyrmak disciplined tertipli discontent nŠgilelik discontented nŠgile discourteous biedep discourtesy biedeplik discovery tapyndy discussion ekeleºik, ekisme, sšhbet, gŸrrŸ– disdain Šsgermezilik, Šsgermezlik, harlamak disease syrkawlyk, hassalyk, kesel disgrace masgarylyk, ØŸzŸgaralyk, masgaralamak disguise sumat bolmak disgusted Øarsmak disgusting Øigrenji dish tabak, tagam dishes gapga Turkmen/English Dictionary 89 disheveled imeºik disinterested gšwŸnsiz disjointed agzala disk ºaØba(r) dismiss kowmak dismissal otctawka(r) dismount dŸºmek disorderly garagol, garymgatym dispatch office ekspedisiØa(r) dispatcher dispeter(r) disperse aºmak, pytramak displeased nŠgile displeasure nŠgilelik dispute ekeleºik, ekeleºmek disquiet rahatsyzlandyrmak, ynjalyksyzlandyrmak, gozgala– disruption opurylyºyk dissatifaction nŠgilelik, nŠrazylyk dissatisfied nŠgile, nŠrazy dissertation dissertatsiØa(r) dissoluteness kelesa–lyk dissuade ret etmek distance aralyk, menzil, uzaklyk distant alysda, uzak distinctive parhly, šzboluºly distinguish parhly bolmak, saØgarmak, seljermek, tapawutlandyrmak distinquished tanymal distort gyºartmak, ØoØmak, aغarmak distress hasrat, gynamak distressed ynjamak district uastok(r) disturb rahatsyzlandyrmak disturbed gowgaly disturbing galagoply, howsalaly ditch ganaw, garnym, gorp, Øap diver wodolaz(r) diverge gyºarmak diverse dŸrli diversion Øykgynylyk divert sowmak divert one's attention syrykdyrmak divide saka, taraz, bšlmek, paØlamak, paØlasºmak, Ÿlemek division (military) divisiØa(r) do elujundan etmek, etmek do evil hyØanat etmek do one's best jan etmek do quickly haØdamak do so ºeØtmek do such ºeØtmek doccent dotsent(r) doctor doktor(r), wra(r) document dokument(r) dodger hilegŠr dograma dograma doll gurjak, emzik dolt pekge dome gŸmmez donkey eºek door gapy, iºik dot nokat double entendre ikuly doubt i–kis, ºek, ºŸbhe, ºŸbhelenmek, mŸ–kŸrlenmek doubtful gŸmana, ºŸbheli doubtless ºŸbhesiz dough hamyr dove kepderi down ŸbtŸk downpour abga, jala dowry ºaØ-sep dozing oØaly-ukuly draft ertØor(r), garalama, taslama, yzgy dragon ajdarha dragonfly teneir drama drama(r) draughtsman grafik(r) draw tartmak, ekmek, yzmak draw out uzaklaºdyrmak drawer eker drawing yzgy, yzgy drawing of a lottery tira£ drawn (game) hutma-hut dreadful elhen dream arzuw, dŸØº, uky, dŸØºŸrgemek dreary tukat dress kšØnek dress oneself geØmek dress somebody geØdirmek, geØindirmek dressmaker kšØneke dried guradylan dried apricots kiºde dried fruit kiºde dried melon kak drift ka–kamak drill zarØadka(r), burawlamak drink hopurdatmak, imek drinks hšdŸr drip damjalamak, dammak, sarkmak drive tigirlemek, togalamak, Ÿwek, haØdatmak, idirdetmek, sŸrmek drive cattle kowalamak, kowalaºmak drive in kakmak driver sŸrŸgi, ºofØor(r) driveway podØezd(r) drizzle is–i, is–emek, sepelemek drone wazzyldy drop damja, sallamak, gayrmak, dškŸlmek, gamak droppings tezek drown gark bilmak drugstore dermanhana drum deprek drunk pØan(r), serhoº dry gury, ŸrgŸn, kepemek, sarykmak, kakamak dry out guramak dry up alykmak dry-farming dŸme dryer suºilka dryness gurulyk dubious ºŸbheli duck šrdek dull kŸtek, kŸteltmek, šgŸn, šŸgsi, Øitigsi, gamaºyk dull in color al dummy emzik dunce Šhlepus, pekge dung tezek dung beetle tomazak durability ydamlylyk durable mŠkŠm during dowamynda, dšwrŸnde dusk i–rik dust a–, kirºen, toz, tozan, Øuwundy, tozamak, tozatmak duty bor, karz, nesØe, Øumuº, narØad dwelling mesgen, jaØ dye garalamak dyke bent Turkmen/English Dictionary 90 E each other birek-biregi eager yhlasly eagle bŸrgŸt ear(s) gulak earlier š–inŠ, hemiºe, irki earlobe sŸmek early ir, irki early evening ikindi, ilkagºam early morning dawn irgšzin early spring alabahar, alaØaz earn eklenmek, gazanmak earnings gazan, ysygra, teneir earth toprak, Øer earthenware pot gola earthquake Øer titremesi ease Øe–illik east gŸndogar eastern gŸndogar easy a–sat, Øe–illeºdirmek, ØšnekeØ, erkana eat iØmek eat a little diºlemek eat and drink iØmek-imek eat away kertmek eat grass otlamak eat one's fill doØmak eat some garbak-gurbak etmek, garbanmak ecclesiastical ruhy echo Øa– economical tygºytly economics ykdysadyØet economist ydysaty economize tygºytlamak economy tygºyt, tygºytlylyk, ykdysady edge er–ek, gylaw, et, tyg, mekan edging jŠhek edible iØmit edict ukaz(r) edit redaktirlemek(r) editing redaksion(r) editor redaktor(r) editorial staff redaksiØa(r) editorship redaktorlyk(r) educate terbiØelemek educated bilimli, okuwly, ylymly education bilim, magaryf, terbiØeleØiº educational terbiØeilik, terbiØeleØjilik educator magaryfy, terbiØei eek! wŠ effect effekt(r) effective netijeli effectiveness netijelilik effeminate lŠlik effeminateness lŠliklik efficacious degerli efficient baºarjan, Øetiºikli effort tagalla egg Øumurtga eggplant badamjan eight sekiz eighth sekizinji eightieth segseninji eighty segsen elbow tirsek elder Øaºuly election saØlaw, saØlow elector saØlawy electrical connection tok(r) electrification elektrifikasiØa(r) electrify elektrifisirlemek electrik elektrik(r) elegance nepislik elegant nepis, sypaØy element element(r) elementary elementar(r) elephant pil elipses kšp nokat else dagy elucidate ºšhlelendirmek embarass utandyrmak embarassment haØa, hyllalla embark ugramak embark upon giriºmek, ugratmak embarrassed ekinmek embassy ilihana embellish nagyºlamak embellishment ºaØ embers kšz emblem emblema(r), gerb embrace gujak, gujaklamak, gujaklaºmak embrace with yrlamak embroider atmak, tikmek, gaØamak, keºdelemek, keºte etmek, nagyº ekmek embroidered keºdeli embroidery gaØma, kede, keºte embryo ºinde emerge sekmek, peØda bolmak emergence nejat eminent genial(r), gšrnŸkli, tanymal emit an unpleasing odor a– kawmak emphasize nygtamak, omzamak emphatic preposition di– emphatic suffix na employ Øaratmak employment hyzmat emptiness boºluk empty howaØy, pak, pu, ØŸksŸz, boº, boºatmak enable mŸmkinilik etmek enamel syra encircle gurºawmak, gabamak encirclement gabaw enclose gurºawmak enclosed Øapyk enclosure agyl encounter duºmak, duºuºmak, duºuºyk encourage hšweslendirmek encrust gaºlamak encrustations gaº encyclopedia ensiklopediØa(r) end ahyr, tamam bolmak, tamamlamak, u, gutarmak, aØak endeavor hysyrdamak, ytalaºmak ending goºulma endlessly hŠli-ºindi endure ydamak enemy duºman, Øagy energetic gujurly, galadaw, sšweºjen energetic Øadawsyz energy enegiØa(r), gujur enforce mejbur etmek engine dwigatel(r), motor(r) engineer injener(r) engineering injenerlik(r) English i–lis, i–lise enjoy hezel etmek, ºatlanmak enjoyment sapa enlarge ulalmak enlightenment magaryf enlist pyntyklamak enormous mŠhnet enough bes, gerk-gŠbe, Øeterlik enraged Ÿz–e enrich baØlaºdyrmak enriched baØan ensue eØermek entangled bulaºyk enter girmek enter into Øerleºmek entertain hšdŸrlemek, gŸØmemek entertainment hšdŸr, hezillik enthusiasm entuziazm(r) entire bitin entirely durºuna, tutuº, tutuºlagyna, tutuºlaØyn entitle hukuk bermek entitled ygtyØarly entrance girelge, podØezd(r) entrapment gabahatylyk entrust tabºyrmak entrust with ØŸklemek entry Øazgy envelope bukja envious bahyl, gšrip, iigara Turkmen/English Dictionary 91 environment halka environs tšwerek envy bahyllyk, iigaralyk epigraph epigraf(r) epilepsy garaguº, tutgaØ episode epizod(r) epoch dšwŸr, zaman equal barabar, de–, endigan equality de–lik equally barabar equestrian apyksuwar equip enjamlaºdyrmak equipment enjam, serenjam era era(r), zaman erase bozmak eraser bozgu erode oburmak errand Øumuº erroneous telek eruption šrgŸn escalator eskalator(r) escape ala, sypmak, ylgaw, dyndarmak essay oerk, dŸzme essential dŸØpli, mšhŸm establish Øšretmek esteem hatyra, hezzet-hormat, hormat, hormatlamak esteemed hormatly estimation rasØot(r) eternal baky, ebedi, šmŸrlik, ebedilik eternity ebedilik Ethiopian efiop(r) etude etØud(r) evaluate nyrhlamak evaporate bugarmak evasion sapalk even hatda, hekaØat even in number jŸbŸt even out de–lemek evening gilik event hadysa, waka evergreen tree Øolka(r) everlasting šmŸrlik every her, hersi, hemme, kes every month aØba-aØ every other day gŸnasa everyone bary everything bary evidence delil, ºaØatlyk, ºaØatnama evident ŠºgŠr evil hyrsyz, hyØanat, iigaralyk, um, iigara exact takyk, dogry, hut exacting talapkŠr exactitude talapkŠrlik exactly nokatma-nokat, edil, gyrade– exactness takyklyk exam zaØot(r) examination der–ew, ekzamen(r) examine barlamak, esetmek, Øaltaklamak examiner barlagy, der–ewi example mysal, gšredeli excavator ekskawator(r) excellent otlino(r)vtšweleme excerpting wypiska(r) excessive akdanaºa, endanaºa, hetdenaºa exchange alyº-alyº, alºyk, alyºma, alyºmak, alºyrmak, alyºmak, uºatmak exchange news habarlaºmak excite tolgundyrmak excited gšgŸnli excitement tolgunyºyk excuse bahana exemplary emeli exercise maºk, bedenterbie, zarØadka(r), (in a book) gšnŸkme exert oneself emgenmek exertion tagalla exhaust horlamak exhausted sustupes exhibit eksponirlemek(r) exhibition eksponat(r), sergi exile sŸrgŸn, sŸrgŸn etmek exist bar existence durmuº, gŸzeran exit ala, ykalga, ahyr, ykmak expand gi–lemek expansion gi–leme expect oslamak expectation hantama, hantamaylyk expedition ekspedisiØa(r) expend harajat etmek, harlamak expenditure ykdajy, har expense ykdaØjy, har expensive gymmat, gymmatly experience tejribe, synamak experienced tejribeli experimental eksperiment(r) expert habarly, edenli expertise ekspertizia(r) explain aØdy–laºdyrmak, dŸºŸndirmek explanation dŸºŸndiriº, dŸºŸnje explanatory dŸºŸndiriºli explode Øarmak, partlamak, Øarylmak exploit eksplutatirlemek(r) exploitation ekplutasiØa(r) explosion partlama, Øarylma exponent gšrkeziji export eksport(r), eksportirlemek(r) expose eksponirlemek(r) exposure paº express a–latmak expression a–latma, jŸmle extend batlandyrmak, uzatmak, ukuralmak, sŸØndŸrmek, sŸØnmek extensive u–almak extent dereje, uzynlyk exterior daº, mysala external daºary externally gaØybana extinct šen, sšnen extinguish šmek, sšndŸrmek, Ÿzmek extol gštergimek extra artyk, artykma extract daºlaºdyrmak extraction kšwek extreme gyraky extremely biak, juda exult heºelle kakmak eye garak, gšz eye to eye ikiŠk eyebrow gaº 1 eyelash kirpik eyelid gabak Turkmen/English Dictionary 92 F fabric mata, materiØa(r) face didar, keºp, Øš–keme, ØŸz face to face pete-pet, gaºba-gaº fact fakt(r) factory fabrik, zawod(r) faculty fakultØet(r) fade pyssarmak, solmak, solmak, sšnmek, sŸllermek faded solgun, myssyk failure sowsuzlyk faint se–selemek fair adalatly, ugurdaº, ynsaply fairness adalat fairy tale erteki faithful jankšer, dindar faithless biwepa faithlessness biwepalyk fake galp, jšgi faker aldawy falcon layn fall gŸØz, batmak, škmek, Øykylmak, gagakmak fall asleep uklamak, irkilmek fall back ekilmek fall ill yryklamak, syrkawlamak fall in hopmak, e–termek fall in the habit of Ÿretmek fall inpieces lagºamak fall off gopmak, hopmak fall out gopmak fallen tree apyk fallow boz fallow deer maral false Øalan, Øalandan, emeli, ters, Øasama falsehood ypdyrma falsify galplaºdyrmak fame meºhurlyk, ºan familiar (person) tanyº familiarize šwreniºdirmek family maºgala family house šØ-iºik famous ºanly, meºhur fan Øelpemek fantastic fantastika(r) fantasy fantaziØa(r) far alys, uzak, daº farm ferma(r) farming ekeranylyk farrow jojuklamak fascinated gŸrma bolmak fashion moda(r), biim fast tiz, aØakly, agyz beklemek, (religious) post(r) fast-breeding guzla––y fasten danmak, šrklemek fastidious Ÿmhšrek fat semiz fat man inedšrdŸl fate nesibe, takdyr, tŠleØ, Øazgyt, ykbal, bije, ŸlŸº father kaka, dŠde, šweØ fatigue Øadawlyk fatness semizlik fatten parkyldamak, semremek fattened parkyldy, gurat faucet kran(r) fault gŸnŠ favorable o–aØly, enaØy, ugurdaº favorite sšØguli, sšØli, syrdaº fear gorky, heder, howatyr, eØmenmek, howtyrlanmak, ŸØºenmek fearful tez, Ÿrkek fearless gaØduwsyz feather pero(r), Øelek feathered Øelekli feathers pazyl feature reje, yzyk February fewral(r) feces bok fed up with pete– etmek federal federatiw(r) federation federasiØa(r) federative federatiw(r) fee nyrh, wznos(r) feeble ejiz feeble-minded kemakyl feebleness ysgynsyzlyk feed iØmlemek, iØm, ot- iØm, emdirmek, iØdirmek, iØmitlendirmek, naharlamak feed grass to otarmak feel a–mak, duØmak, Šwmek, syzmak, tikeneklemek feel angry hyrsyzlanmak feel chilly ŸºŸtmek feel free to... ekinmede feel inspired ruhlanmak feel nauseous bulanmak feel shy ekinmek feel sick sŸu goºamak feel sorry for gaØgyrmak feel the same Øekesiremek feel uneasy mŸØnŸrgemek feeling duØgy fell e–termek fellow garygaØ, Øigit fellow traveller hemra felt kee female urkay female pilot pilotka(r) female underwear iliklik fence aØmana, haØat, gorag fencing fehtowaniØe(r) ferment gor, maØa, ajatmak fermented dough hamyrmaØa, hamyrturºy fertile hasylly fertilize dškŸnlemek fester ylpyklamak festival baØram, festiwal(r) fetch getirmek fetters duºak feuilleton felØeton(r) fever ysytma, howur, tebit, Øo– few az fiber sŸØŸm fiction eper eser fidget oØkanjyramak, sintenjiremek field meØdan, ºŸdŸgŠr field of endeavor maØsa field of grain maØsa fifty elli fig injir fight uruºmak, uruº, gšreºmek, sšbeºmek, sšweºmek, urunmak, penjelemek fighter pŠlwan, urºujy, zarpy fighting by greedy people agšzlylyk figure sifr(r), syrat, sifrlemek file igelemek, (tool) ige fill doldurmak, ganmak, gandyrmak, gapgarmak, nalamak, tŸmmeklemek fill in gšmmek, plomwalamak(r) fill up bitirmek filled doly2, gšmŸk fillet ylka filling plomwa(r), Øonuºga film film(r), kino(r), pleØonka(r), Øorka filter sŸzgu, sŸzmek filthy kirli final final(r), gutarnykly, jemleØji, so–ky, ahyrky, ahyryn, ymykly finale final(r) finally teØ-ahyr finance maliØe, maliØeledirmek find tapyndy, tapmak, unamak find an excuse for bahanlamak find fault with yrsaramak find out about salgy atmak find room sygmak fine iri, jerime, telper, uºak, jerime salmak finger barmak fingerful atym finish pelle, pellehana, u, so– lamak, aØaklamak, dynmak, gutarmak, paØawlamak, tamam bolmak, tamamlamak, tamamlanmak, tŸketmek, sowulmak Turkmen/English Dictionary 93 finished wepat fire kostØor(r), lorsuldamak, ot, kowmak, (a rifle) tŸpe–lemek firework feØerwerk(r) firm berk, firma(r), gaØym, pert, pugta, tšwekgel, ŸzŸlkesil, ykjam firmness berklik, pugtalyk first birinji, ilki first existing ilkidurmuº first name at first place š–delik fish balyk fissure Øaryk, jaØryk fist Øumruk fist-fight Øumruklaºmak fit kakyn, Øaramly fitter montØor(r) five bŠº fiver bŠºlik flabby Øepbeºik, myjjarmak– flag baØdak flake (skin) soØulmak flame Øalyn, lowurdy flank bšwŸr flap salgamak flare up labyrdamak, lowlamak flash ŸlpŸldemek, Øyldyramak, Øylpyldy flashlight panys flat Øasy, dŸz flatlands dŸz, dŸzlŸk flatten maººartmak, Øapbaºdyrmak, Øapbaºmak, Øasylamak flatten out maººarmak flattened Øemºik flavor tagam flaw kem flawless kemsiz-kšstsŸz, kemsiz flea bŸre fleabite bŸre flee bosmak, gamak fleet flot(r) flesh ten flex Øegºermek flexibility eØelik, maØygaklyk flexible eØe, maØygak flicker ykjamak flight reØs(r), uuº flightiness kelpe–lik flighty kelpe– fling pyzmak flip dŸndermek flip over dšndermek flip-flop dŸnderilmek flirt nŠzirgemek flirtatious nŠzli flirting nŠz float galtga flock sŸri, sŸri flood joºgun, sil flooded joºgunly floor etazh(r), pol(r), gat flour harman, un flow akar, akym, ŸwdŸrmek, ºabyrdamak, tigirlenmek, togalanmak, ogmak, syrykmak, akmak flower gŸl flower bed gŸlzar flowing akaba flu grip(r), dŸmew fluctuation pasyrdyr fluff ŸbtŸk fluid suwuk flutter gymyldy, galgamak fly si–ek, umak fly past(a target) mymak foal taØanak foam kšpŸk, kšpŸrjik, agaran, kšpŸrjiklemek fog duman, Ÿmez foggy dumanly fold epin, epmek, eplemek, eplenmek fold down sepmek folded egrelmek folder papka(r) follow kowalmak, yzarlamak, eØermek, gollanmak following indi, yzy bilen fondness gadyr food aº, azyk, iØmit, hšdŸr, nahar food and drink iØmek-imek fool pa–kelle, samsyk foolish akmak, gagal foolishness samsyklyk football futbol(r) football player futboly(r) footstep Šdim footwear aØakgap for Ÿin for a two year period ikiØyllyk for example meselem, mysal Ÿin for good mydamalaØyn for life šmŸrlik for nothing Øšne for now hŠzirlike for the time being hŠzirlike, onyana forbidden gadagan, haram force gujur, zarp, zor, hal, ysgyn, zorlamak force forward idirdetmek forced Šresiz, mejbur, nala forceful gurjurly, esgin, zor forcibly zoraØakdan ford gŸzer, olum fore alyndaky fore-arm bilek forefather ata-baba forehead alyn, ma–laØ foreign Øat foreign language daºary Øurt dili foreigner gemiºek, myhman forest tokaØ, tokaØlyk, je––el forestry tokaØylyk forever dŸØpgšter, dŸØpleØin, mydamalaØyn forge nalamak forget unutmak, Øatdan ykarmak forgive razylaºmak, bagyºlamak fork ºaryk, wilka(r), arºak form blank(r), ºekel, format(r), gšrnŸº, naØalamak, resmileºdirmek form a group toparlamkak, toparlanmak formal formal(r), resmi formal greeting essalawmaleØkim formation nyzam former š–ki, hemiºe formula formula(r), a–latma formulate formulirlemek(r) formulation formulirowka(r) fortieth kyrkynjy fortify berkitmek fortress gala fortunate hoºbagt, ma–laØly fortune bije forty kyrk forum forum(r) forward gaØdyp, ilerki found dšretmek, esaslsandyrmak foundation fundament(r), baza(r), esas fountain fontan(r) four dšrt fourteen šssŸrim fourth dšrdŸnji fox tilki foyer foØe(r) fracas gopgun fracture gŠdik fragile dšwŸlgi, port fragrant hoºboØ frail port frame karkas framework karkas frankly a-aan freckle sepgil free azat, boº, erk, erkana, erkin, halas, Øšne free of charge mugt freedom azatlyk, erkinlik freely a-aan, erkin freeze do–aklyk, do–durmak, jybarlamak, ºatlamak freezing jybar freight ØŸk fresh ter Turkmen/English Dictionary 94 fresh water sŸØji freshness terlik friday anna fried bread piºme(r) fried corn patrak friend dost, Øoldaº friend (female to female) jora friend (male) dost friendliness mylakat friendly agzybir, alak friends dost-Øar friendship agzybirlik, dostluk, Øaranlyk fright aØylgan, gorky frighten ŸrkŸzmek frighten away gypjyndyrmak frightened gorkuly frightening gorkuly, gorkun frightful elhen fringe seek fringed seekli friskiness Øyldanlyk frisky dyzma, Øyldan frivolous kelpe– frog gurbaga from -dan, -den from birth doga from head toes baºdan-aØak from inside iinden from many years ago š–den from now on dagy-duwara, šwrŸlip from start to finish birin-birin, boØdan-baºa from that babatdan from the beginning birbada from the first ilkibada from the start ilkibaºda, baºdan from time immemorial ozaldan, š–den from time to time wagtalwagtal from year to year Øyldan-Øyla, Øyly–-Øylyna front front(r), š– frontal ma–laØ frost a–zak, aØaz, bulduryn, burjy, gyraw, is–i, do–aklyk frosty jybar froth agaran, kšpŸrjiklemek frown ytmak frozen do–, ºatlama, do–an fruit iØmiº, miwe fruit farming miweilik fruit jellies marmelad(r) fruitful hasylly fruity miweli frump gipdenek frustrated sustupes frustration opurylyºyk fry irkizmek, gowurmak, jyzyrdamak fugitive gagak fulfilment berjaØ full dok, hyryn-dykyn, Šhli, tŸkel full of bol full of holes deºik full(y) doly full-blooded etli-ganly fumble semelemek, sememek function funksiØa(r), ØagdaØlaºmak fund fond(r) fundamental dŸØpli funnel guØgu funny gŸlkŸli, gŸlkŸn fur sŸtŸk, possun furious gaharjan, gaharly, Ÿz–e furniture mebel furnucle yban furrow keºlemek furrowed keºleØin furry sŸtŸkli fury gahar, gahar-gazap, Ÿz– elik fuse partladyjy fussy talapkŠr futile nŠhak future geljek G gab jedirdemek, gygyrmak gaiety meslik gain bŠhbit, kuwwatlanmak, nebis, eØelemek gain weight semremek gait Øšriº galactic galaktika(r) gall št gallop apmak, š–Ÿrdiklemek galoshes galoº(r) gape ho–karmak, šwelmek garage garaj(r) garbage Øuwundy, zibil garden bed atyz gargle aØkamak, yrpmak garlic sarymsyk, ajyga garrison garnizon(r) gas gaz gasoline benzin(r) gasp demikmek, hopukmak, sojamak gassy gazly gate derweze gather šplemek, Øygmak, toplanmak, ŸØºŸrmek, Øygnamak, ykjamlamak, dŸzmek, toplamak gathering Øygnak, Øygnanyºyk, Øygym, barlyºyk gauge gi–lik gay mes, ºagala–ly, ºoh gazelle keØik gear serenjam general Šhlumumy, serkerde, (military) general(r) generally aslynda, umuman, kšplen generation nesil generous rehimdar, rehimli genius geniØ(r) genre £anr(r) gentle nŠzik, tultuk gentleness Øumºaklyk gently assa genuine hakyky, tŸØs genus urug geographer geograf(r) geographical region etrap geography geografiØa(r) geology geologiØa(r) geometry geometriØa(r) Georgian gruzin(r) germ mikrob(r) German nemes get a kick out of deprenmek Turkmen/English Dictionary 95 get a little older garraºmak get across aºyrmak get angry gahar gelmek, gazaplanmak get better ileri, ganymatlaºmak, gowularmak, jyda dŸºmek, Øokmak, Øokuºmak get bound up ºinelemek get cold feet namartlamak get confused olaºmak get dark i–rik garalmak get dirty bulaºmak, orlamak, gŠzlemek, hapalanmak, kirlemek get done bšlŸºmek get dusty a–amak, a–jarmak get entangled ºinelemek, igmek get even with haklaºmak, hasaplaºmak get fat semretmek get fixed up ornaºmak get gutsy gaØratlanmak get hot yssylamak get inflamed tataºmak get into sŸmmek get lost azaºmak get mad šjŸkmek get married (for a man only) šØlenmek get mixed up garjaºmak get moldy he–lemek get news habarlaºmak, habar tutmak get numb guruºmak get on mŸnmek get out aØrylmak get out of dyndarmak, dynmak get out of here! gŸm bol! owarra! get packed dykyzlanmak get pleasure gšnenmek get ready taØynalmak get rid of gowzalmak, sabamak, sypmak get sick of bizar bolmak get situated Øerleºmek get skinny arryklamak get spoiled azmak get started (about cooking) atarmak get sunburnt gŸne Øanmak get tangled and confused bulaºmak get tied up igmek get tied up in knots igilmek get tired lejikmek get tough with dazarylmak get up turuzmak, durmak get used to šwreniºmek, uØgunlaºmak get wet ezilmek gift peºeº, zehin, sylag gifted zehinli giggle hikirdi, hikirdemek, hykyrdamak, hykyrdy, pykyrdamak, kikirdemek giraffe £iraf(r) girdle bilguºak girl gelingyz, gyz girlfriend boØdaº girth semizlik give Šbermek, gowuºmak give a hand to arkalaºmak give a turn tow bermek give an account hasap bermek give back gaØtarmak give birth dogurmak give birth a goat owlaklamak give drink aØlamak give someone a cold sowuklatmak give trouble azar bermek give up Øitirmek, taslamak give up hope pyssarmak give voice to agzamak give-and-take aldym-berdimli given goØulmak gladden begendirmek gladly hšwesje– gladness Øagtylyk glance bakyº, gšz, nazar gland mŠz glare mšlerilmek glare angrily alarylmak glass ŸØºe, stakan(r), aØna glasses ŠØnek glaucoma garasuw glen kšw glide typmak glisten balkyldamak glitter balkyldamak, lowurdamak, ŸlpŸldemek, Øyldyramak glittery Øyldyrawuk globe globys(r), Øer ºary, dŸnØŠ gloomy ytyk, tutuk glorify ºšhratlanmak glorious ºšhratly glory ºan, ºan-ºšhrat, ºšhrat glove ellik glow labyrdamak glue elim, Øelim, Øelimlemek, Øelmemek glutton iºdŠmen, iØermen gluttony iØermenlik gnash ykyrdamak gnaw gemirmek go gitmek, Øšremek, gitmek, zomamak, barmak, ykmak go around aØlanmak go bad dymjykmak, zaØalanmak, pislemek, uzanmak go by foot pyØadalamak go crazy dŠliremek go for a walk gezelen etmek, ka–kamak go missing Øitirim bolmak, Øitmek go numb jŸmºŸldemek go out incoolness sele–lemek go somewhere else gšmek go sour uØamak go straight gšnŸlmek go through štmek go together tirkeºmek go trouble over alada etmek, aladalanmak go up to emeleºmek go with geliºmek goat gei goat wool špŸr goats dowar goblet kubok(r) God hudaØ God bless you sabyr et going gidiºin going out nejat gold altyn, tylla golden tylla golly bŠ good Øagºy gowy, enaØy, haryt, idili, o–at, o–ly, ugurly, bolØar, gowulyl, hoº, rowa, ºowly, Øaramly good deed sogap good event em good for nothing kelesa– good golly! baØ-bow good looking nurana good luck ºow good-natured Øuka ØŸrek goodness gowulyl, gowylyk, dšwlet goods harytlar goose gaz gopher alaka gore sŸsmek gossip gybat, gepi, warsaky, wyºyrdamak gossipper gybatkeº gourmet gastronom(r) government dšwlet, hškŸmet, prowlenie(r) grab gysymlamak grace nepislik graceful nepis grade baha gradually dura-bara, durdugya, gitdigie, kemkemden graduate student aspirant(r) graft peØwent etmek grain digir, galla, dŠne gram gram(r) grammar grammatika(r) grammatical grammatik(r) grand beØik Turkmen/English Dictionary 96 grand piano roØal(r) grandchild agtyk grandfather ata, baba grandmother ene grant esbap grape ŸzŸm grape production ŸzŸmilik grapes (specifically gelinbarmak graph grafa(r) grass ot grassy area otluk grate sŸØkemek, gyrmak, oØkamak grateful minnetdar grating gšzenek gratings gyrmana gratis Øšne gratitude minnetdarlyk grave gšr, mazar gravel agyl graveyard gonamylyk, šwŸlØŠ graze animals bakmak grease Øag, Øaglamak great beØik, baØry, asly great-grandson owluk greed agšzlylyk, betnebislik, husytlyk greedy a gšz, betnebis, husyt, gysgan Greek grek(r) green Øaºyl, gšk greet gšrŸºmek, garºyldamak, salamlaºmak grenade granat(r) grid tor grief hasratvtukatlyk grieve ygylmak, tukatlanmak, ynjatmak grieved gynanly grill daglamak grin gŸlŸmjiremek, syrtartmak, Øyrºarmak grind kŸlkelemek, maØdalamak, taplamak, oØkamak, tšrpŸlemek, Ÿwemek grip gysmak, tutma grits Øarma groan hyklamak, nalamak groats Øarma groceries bakaleØa(r) grocery store bakaleØa(r) groin gasyk gross harsal ground meØdana, toprak grounds lšdere group tapgyr, topar, toplum, kollektiw(r), kru£ok(r), sŸri, top grow kšpelmek, gšgermek, idetmek, šsdŸrmek, šsmek, ulalmak, ulaltmak grow foggy dumanlamak, Ÿmezlemek grow heavy agralmak grow in a circle tegelenmek grow leaves Øapraklamak grow more beautiful Øagºylanmak, Øagºylaºmak grow old gartaºmak grow quiet di–mek grow stale gatamak grow still kšºeºnek grow stronger eØikmek grow taller beØgelmek grow thin horlanmak grow tired of bizar bolmak grow up šnŸp-šsmek, šnmek grow weary Øadamak growl ho–uldamak, hŸ– Ÿrdemek, hŸ–Ÿrdi, hy–ranmak grown garta– grownup ullakan growth šsŸº grumble ho–uldamak, hŸ– Ÿrdemek, igenmek grumbling hŸ–Ÿrdi, igen, igenje–, igenje–lik grunt horkuldamak guarantee gŸwŠ, kepillik, zamun, kepil bolmak guard garawul, gwardiØn(r) guardian hossar guess ak etmek guest myhman guest room myhmanhana guide prowodnik(r), wojatyØ(r), Øazlamak, Øšretmek guild seh(r) guile mekirlik guilty gŸnŠli, mŸØnli, Øazykly guilty one gŸnŠkŠr guilty person sebŠpkŠr guise maska(r) guitar gitar gulf aØlag gullet gyzylšdek, šdek gulp owurt gulp down jy–kytmak gun pistolØet(r) gun-scope didivan gun-sight didivan gunshot (sound of a) gŸmpŸldi gurgle lygyrdy, hokurdamak, lygyrdamak gurgling lakyrdy gush joºmak, zogdyrylmak gushing joºgunly gusset begeØik gust tŸweleØ, Ÿflemek gust of wind Øelgin gutter ternaw gym bedenterbie gymnastics gimnastika(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 97 H habit endik, šwrendekli, gylyk, urp-adat haggle sšwdalaºmak hail doly, jšwenek hair sa, tŸØ hairy tŸØlek half Øarpy, Øarty, Øary, Øarym, pol(r) half asleep oØaly-ukuly half-dead alajan hall zal(r), koridor(r), saØpallamak haloxylon ojar halter (for a horse) nogta hammer eki, ekis, (of a firearm) mŠºe hammer in kakmak hand el, gol, eltmek handful goºawu, gysym, Øanawu handkerchief elØaglyk handle tutawa, ellemek, ellemek handle bar sŸØpent handless golak, golsuz handmade hŸnŠrmentilik handsome kaa–, nurana handwriting Øazmaa, poerk(r) handy amatly hang asylmak, ildirmek, sallanmak hang out semek hang up asmak hanging peg asgy hank (of thread) kelep happen bolmak happiness eØgilik happy hoºbagt, ma–laØly, mona bolmak, sapaly, ºat, ºoh, (with luck) bagtly hard gaty, Øowuz, mŸgil, ºatlama hard-fought aldym-berdimli harden bekemek, gatamak hardly ala hardly possible gŸmana hardness gatylyk hardworking iºle––ir, janypkeº, iºe––ir, jepakeº hardy dšzŸmli harm Øamanlyk, zelel, zyØan, hyØanat etmek, hyØanat harmful zelelli harmonious ekimiz harmony razylyk, ylalyºyk harness hamyt, hamytlamak harrow mala, malalamak, borona(r) harvest hasyl, Øygnanyºyk harvester kombaØn(r) haste gyssagara hasten al–asatmak hasty howul-hara hat ºlØapa(r), telpek, ºyrdak hatchway lØuk(r) hate Øigrenmek hateful Øygren, Øigrenji hatred Øigren haughtiness tekepbirlik haughty tekepbir have a bite diºlemek have a cold dŸmewlemek have a dream dŸØº gšrmek have a dust storm sowurmak have a little chat gŸmŸr-ØamŸr etmek have a party toØlamak have a premonition syzmak have a snack ØŸrkese edinmek have doubts mŸ–kŸrlenmek have free time sypynmak have occasion (to) miØesser hawk gyrgy hay bede, silos(r) haydust pide haze duman hazy gamaºyk he ol head baº, kelle, naalinik(r), mŸdir head for Øšnelmek head of the table tšr head scarf alynda–y headquarters ºtab(r) health aman, hal, hal-ahwal, saglyk healthy bardaºly, gurgun, sag, sagat, sagdyn, daØaw, saggurgun heap topbak, dšs hear eºitmek hear about di– salmak hearsay owaza heart ØŸrek heartbeat gŸrsŸldi hearth ojak heartless birehim, rehimsiz hearty ykjam heat og, gyzmalyk, howur, jšwza, tebit, oØmak, gyzgynlyk, gyzyºmak, Øylatmak, Øylynmak, oØunmak, gyzdyrmak, gyzmak, tutaºdyrmak heat rash tengin heat up Øylamak, yssylamak heavy agramly, agyr, saldamly, ullakan heavy rain jala hectacre gektar(r) hedgehog kirpi heed ŠtiØa heel škje hegemony gegemoniØa(r) heifer tŸwe height belentlik, beØiklik, boØ helicopter wertolØot(r) hell dowzah helmet ºlem(r) help dalda, haraØ, hemaØat, Øardam, kšmekleºmek, Øardam etmek, (as an exclamation) dat-bidat! help find something tapyºmak help off dŸºŸrmek helped by arkaly helper kšmeki helpful Øokumly, haØyrly helva halwa hem sepgit, jŠhek, tikmek hemp kenep hen mŠkiØan hen coop ketek henceforth šwrŸlip henceforward dagy-duwara herd sŸri here ºu taØda, ºu Øerde, bŠri, bŠrik, endan here you are ine here! me heritage miras hermitage sergezdanylyk, sergezdanlyk hero gero(r), pŠlwan, gahryman, obraz heroic gahrymanlara heroism gahrymanylyk herpes demrew herring takgaz herself šz hesitate sagynmak, sŠginmek, haØal-Øagallyk etmek hesitation irgin, iriºme hetman baºlyk hew Øylmamak hi salam, Šhey hiccup syngylawuk hidden gizlin hide Øaºyrmak, jaØlamak, Øygºyrmak hide and seek (game) bukullym hide away bukmak hide from gaalak etmek, aalaklamak hide-and-seek gizlenpeek hideous gelºiksiz high and low beØikli-pesli high flown epeØ high-heeled shoes iºbil higher ekabyr highway magistral(r), ºosse(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 98 hill ala–, baØyr, sšbŸk, depe, tŸmmek himself šz hip but hiss jazyrdy, ºuwwuldy, ºyglamak, jazyrdamak historian taryhy historical taryhy history taryh hit patlamak hoarse garjaºyk hobble keØtiklemek, kšsseklemek hockey hokkeØ(r) hoe kŠtmen, kŠtmenlemek hold eklemek, tutmak hold back (something) jylawlamak hold fast to Øapyºmak hold in hand ideklemek hold up eglemek hole arkandak, ukanak, ukur, ukurlyk, deºik, hin holler azgyrylmak hollow kšw, pŸrsvšketlik, pu holy mukaddes home šØ, Øatakhana homemaker šØ hojalyky homogeneous hili-bir hili hone gaØramak honest akgšwŸnli, dogruyl, kemally, wepaly honestly walla honesty pŠklik honey bal honk ºuwlamak, tarlamak honor hormat, hormatlamak, sylag honored hormatly hoof sy–ral, toØnak hook e––ek, ga–rak, iliºmek, iltemek, ga–yrak hook onto tirkemek hook the catch kiltlemek hoop gurºaw hoot ºuwlamak, tarlamak hop apmak hope tama, umyt, arkalanmak, tama etmek, umyt etmek hope chest sandyk hopeless gutulgysyz, ykgynsyz horizontal gorizontal(r), kese horizontally keseleØin, keseligine horn (of an animal) ºah horned ºahly hornless (without horns) kelek horror aØylgan horse at, gylØal, konki(r), Øaby horse jockey seØis horse race at capysyk horse's bit agyzzyryk horse-cloth July horsecloth palan(r) horseshoe nal hose ºlang(r) hosiery trikota£(r) hospitable myhmansšØer hospital gospital(r), keselhana hospitality hezzet, myhmansšØerlik host hojaØyn, hyzmat etmek hostel Øatakhana hot gyzgyn, jokrama, yssy, ajy hot to trot dyzma hot-house teplisa(r) hot-tempered gyzma hotel myhmanhana hound tazy, kšpek hour sagat hour's worth sagatlyk house šØ, jaØlaºdyrmak, tam household maºgala housekeeper hojalyky how much? nŠe, nŠden how? nŠhili, nŠtŸØsli howl hazlamak, uwlamak, zšrletmek hubbub ºowhun huge Šgirt, mŠhnet, Špet hum gŸwwŸldemek, hyzlamak human ynsan humanity adamzat, ynsanyØet humble tŸrkana humid dymyk, nemli, yzgarly humidity yglyk humiliate kemsitmek humility Øuwaºlyk humorous gŸlkŸli, gŸlkŸn hump šrkŸ, šrkŸ humus ŸØrŸntgi hunch kŸØkertmek hunchbacked kŸØki hunched bŸrkŸr Hungary wengr(r) hunger ajykmak hunk ker hunt aw, awamak, awlamak, awatmak, awuºamak hunter awy, yrdar hurl pyzmak hurricane harasat hurried al–asan, gyssagly, howul-hara hurry e–mek, gyssagara, howlykmak, al–asamak, gyssamak hurry about gaØmalaºmak hurry someone up howlukdyrmak hurry up haØdatmak, howlukmak hurt šØkeli, agyrmak, agyrtmak husband Šr husband's sister bajy hut atma, kŸme hutzpah gaØrat hybrid gibrid(r) hydrogen wodorod(r) hygiene gigiena(r) hymn gimn(r) hypnotizer gšzbagy hypocrisy jšgŸlik hypocritical jšgi Turkmen/English Dictionary 99 I I men I see! ŠhŠ I think... meni–e ice buz ice-cream do–durma, moro£ny(r) ice-crusted sŸrek idea ideØa(r), oØ, pikir ideal ideal(r) identical bir menzes, birme–zeº identity ºahs, ºahsyØet ideological ideologik(r) ideology ideologiØa(r) idiom idioma(r) idiomatic idiomatik(r) idle bikŠr, aman, peØwagtna, Øalta idleness Øaltalyk if eger (de), kaºgŠ if not bolmasa ignorance alasowatlyk, jahyllyk, nadanlyk, nŠtanyºlyk ignorant gapyl, jahyl, nadan, alasowat ill agyry, aza, dert, keselli, syrkaw, hassa, nŠsag ill person syrkaw ill-bred kakabaº ill-informed gapyl ill-mannered kakabaº illegal kanunsyz, gizlin illiteracy sowatsyzlyk illiterate sowatsyz illness emgek, hassalyk, kesel, nŠhoºlyk, nŠsaglyk, syrkawlyk illuminate ºšhlelendirmek, Øagtyltmak illustrated suraty illustration illØustrasiØa(r) illustrative illØustratiw(r) imaginary hyØally, fantastika(r) imagination fantaziØa(r) imbue tŸmmeklemek imitate šØkŸnmek imitation Øasama immeasurable aksyz, ensiz immediate at hand nobatdaky, nobatky immediately bada-bat, zšwwe, gšmelteØ, badyna immense aksyz, ensiz immerse ŸmdŸrmek immortal šlmez-Øitmez immortalize ebedileºdirmek imp haramzada impassioned gyzykmak impatient ydamsyz imperative hškman imperceptibly ogryna imperialism imperializm(r) imperialistic imperialistik(r) imply diØmek2 impolite edepsiz impoliteness edepsizlik import import(r), importirlemek(r) import/export duty gŸmrŸk importance ŠhmiØet important dahylly, mšhŸm, wajyp, bajyp, derwaØys impoverish gedaØlaºmak impress tŠsir galdyrmak impression tŠsir impressionable duØgur impressive tŠsirli imprison tŸrmŠ basmak, tŸrmŠ basmak improve gowulandyrmak, gowylandyrmak, kŠmilleºdirmek, Øagºylandyrmak improve oneself kŠmilleºmek improved gurat improvement guratlyk in iinde in a big way gerim in a day gŸnaºa in a grand style gerim in a short time mšhlet in a word mahlasy in addition Ÿste, Ÿstesine in addition to ondan hem baºga, daºyndan in agreement with razy in conformity with laØyklyk-da in disagreement jet in earnest ynlakaØ in front of š–Ÿnde in full supply ŸpjŸn in general garaz in good spirts ºŠhdayk in great detail jikme-jik in my opinion... meni–e in one's way peØwagtna in order ugrukdyrmak in pairs ikibir in place of Øerine in relation to degiºli in short mahlasy in the beginning baºda in the front ilerik, ilerlegini, š– in the future šwrŸlip in the past š– in the pre-dawn aladandan in the summer tomsma in truth dogrusy, hakykatdan in turns gezegine, gezekgezigine in your style seni–e in-law gaØyn inaccessible elØeter inappropriate Øerliksiz incapable bigaØrat incendiary tutaºdyryjy incessant Øoknasyz incessantly tŸkeniksiz incidental gidiºini incision kertik incline Øapgyt, yrmak incoherence kejelik income gipdeji inconvenient emesiz incorrect ters, nŠdogry increase artdyrma, artmak, bulukmak, kšpelmek, kšpeltmek, ulaltmak incredibly juda incubation inkubasion(r), inkubasiØa(r) incubator inkubator(r) inculcate ornaºdyrmak indebted to karzyna indecent haØasyz indefatiguable galadaw indent gaغartmak independence garaºsyzlyk, šzbaºdaklyk, šzbaºdaklyk independent garaºsyz, šzbaºdak indestructible, sarsmaz index gšrkeziji, indeks(r) Indian style aØbogdaº indicator gšrkezgi indifference biperwaØlyk, perhaØlyk indifferent biparh, biperwaØ, parhsyz, perbaØsyz individual January Indonesian indoneziØaly(r) industrial industrial(r) industrialize industrialaºdyrma k(r) industrious janypkeº industry industriØa(r), senagat ineffective netijesiz inefficient Øetiºiksiz inept nalajedeØin inept person tamakin inequality de–sizlik inescapable alasyz inevitability alasyzlyk inexpensive arzan inexperienced jahyl infection infeksiØa(r) infectious Øokan, Øokanly infidel kapyr inflame tataºmak inflammation isme, iºme inflate gŸbermek, ismek, iºirmek, pškretmek, ismek inflated ºemallamak, ºemallatmak inflection infleksiØon(r) inflict harm zarbykdyrmak Turkmen/English Dictionary 100 influence tŠsir, tŠsir etmek influential tŠsirli inform ºugullamak, habar etmek, duØdurmak, idemek informal good-bye hoº information informasiØa(r), informasiØon(r), izweºeniØe, derek informative manyly, derekli ingratiate Øalym-Øulumetmek inhabited area mekan inherit miras almak inheritance miras initial ilkinji, ilki initially bada, ilkibada, ilkibaºda initiative inisiatiwa(r) injection ukol(r) injure kesdirmek injuries šØke-kine injury šØke injustice adalatsyzlyk ink syØa ink cartrige sterzhen(r) inlay gaºlamak inlayed stones gaº inlet bogaz inner region ieri innocence bigŸnŠlik, Øazyksyzlyk innocent bigŸnŠ, Øazyksyz, gŸnŠsiz innovation tŠzelikilik innovator tŠzeliki innumerable egsilmez inoculate peØwent etmek inquire intgemek, hštde gelmek, aramak inquire about eØgermek insect mšjek insects mšr-mšjek insecure aljyra––y, mŸ–kŸr insensibly ogryna insert sokmak inside i, ieri, iinde, šwre insides ierik, ierki insignificant ujypsyz inspect esetmek inspection inspeksiØa(r) inspector inspektor(r) inspiration ruhubelentlik, ylham inspire gunuºmak, ruhlandyrmak, ganatlandyrmak inspired ruhubelent installation montaA(r) instant lampa, maØ instantaneous Øalpa instead of deregine institute institut(r) institution edara instruct šwretmek instruction instruksiØa(r), tŠlim, wagyz-nesihat instructor instruktor(r) instrument gural, esbap instruments abzallar insufficient Øetmezilik insulate etleºdirmek insulated etleºmek insult kine, nadyllyk insurance strahowanie(r) intact abat, sazlamak, saz intactness abatlyk integral integral(r) integrated plant kombinat(r) integrity ar-namys intellectual akyldar intelligence officer razwedkay(r) intelligent intelligent(r) intend hyØallanmak, niØetlemek intended for Ÿin intense gyzgala–ly, dartgynly, gyzgyn intensify gyzdyrmak, gŸØjemek intensity gyzgynlyk intention hyØal, niØet, pŠl, pygyl intercept gabatlamak interchange alºyk intercity ºŠherara interest hšwes, meØil, hšwes, gyzyklandyrmak interesting gyzykly, hezil, tŠsirli intermediary aray international halkara, intenasional(r) interrogation sorag interrupt kesmek intersect kesiºmek interval ara, interwal(r), aralyk intervention interwensiØa(r) interview interwØu(r) intestine iege, i intimacy ØŸrekdeºlik intimate ØŸrekdeº intolerant ydamsyz intonation intonasiØa(r) intrepid gaØduwsyz introduce tanalmak, tanyºdyrmak introduction giriº, sšz invade zabt etmek invalid inwalid(r), maØyp invent oØlap tapmak, tostoslamak inventor inwentor(r), oØlap tapyjy inventory uØot(r) investigative ideg-sorag investment goØum invincible Øe–ilmez invitation agaryº, akylyk invite agarmak, agyrmak involuntarily biala involuntary biygtyØar Irish irlandiØaly iron ŸtŸklemek(r), demir, (for clothing) ŸtŸk(r) ironic kinaØaly ironical kinaØaly irony kinaØa irreplacable tapylgysyz irreproachable birkemsiz, kemsiz irrigate joØalmak irrigation ditch joØa irritate gyjynmak island ada isolate etleºdirmek isolation izolØasion(r), izolØasiØa(r) isolator izolØator(r) issuance neºir it ol it can be meger Italian italØan itch giji, gikilewik itch oneself sŸØkenmek Turkmen/English Dictionary 101 J ivy yrmaºyk jab ommaltmak jabber jedirdemek jack ºtepsel(r) jackal ºagal jackdaw zakyja jacket jilt, penjek jam/jelly mŸrepbe jam in dykmak jangles dŸwme Japan ØaponiØa Japanese Øapon jar banka(r) jealous gabanja– jealousy gšrŸbilmezilik jeer syrtartmak jeren jeren jester masgarabaz jeweler zergŠr jingle ºy––yrdy, ºa–lamak, ºa–– yrdamak, ºy––yrdamak, ti–– irdemek, ti––irdetmek, ti––irdi, dŸ––Ÿrdemek jog gezer join baglamak, sepiºmek, seplemek joined baglaØjy joint baglanyºyk, sepgit, tikin joke degiºmek joke around bŠlireºmek joker degiºgen, wŠºi jokingly wŠºi jolt or shake siltemek journal £urnal(r) journalist £urnalist(r) journey syØahat, sapar, syØahat joy begen, ºatlyk, Øagtylyk joyful hoºwagt, ºat, ºatlykly, ºŸwele– joyfully ºŸwele–li jubilee ØubileØ(r) judge sudØa jug kŸØze juggler £onglØor(r) juggling £onglØorlyk(r) juice ºire July iØul jump bškmek, towusmak jump out zomp edip ykak jumpy gšgŸnli junction uzel(r) June iØun jungle je––el junk kšne-kŸºŸl jury £Øori(r) just halal, hut, la, adalatly, ynsaply just as dessine, misli just like ºeØle, tŸØs just now Øa–yja just so keØpine just the opposite gaØta justice adalatlylyk, ynsap juvenile kii, Øetginjek K Kazahk Gazak, kazak kebob kebap kebob restaurant kebaphana keenness eserde–lik keep tutmak, saklamak keep at a distance gaa durmak keep house eØelik etmek keep quiet jy–kyny ykarmazlk keep a secret lak bolmak kerosene nebit key aar, eºme kick depmek kid ebis kidney bšwrek, pyntyk kidney beans noØba kids aga-uga kill gyrmak, šldŸrmek, gyrylmak kilogram kilogram(r) kilometer kilometr(r) kin asyl kind patyºa, sort(r) kindergarden agalar bagy kindergarten primer harplyk king ºa kiosk kiosk(r) Kirghiz gyryz kisel kisel kiss špŸº, ogºamak, špmek, špmek kiss each other špŸmek, ogºaºmak kitchen kuhnØa knapsack goºtorba knead myngamak, Øuwgurmak, eØlemek knee dyz, tirsek kneecap anak kneel škermek, ške dŸºmek knife pyak, pyaklamak knit šrmek, iºmek, šrmek knit the browns ytmak knock ºarkyldy, tyrkyldy, aknyºmak, ºarkyldamak, tarkyldamak, tarkyldatmak, tarsuldamak, taØaklamak, tykyrdatmak, tyrkyldamak, tyrkyldatmak, tykyrdamak, kakmak knock down Øykmak knocking tarkyldy knoll depe knot syrma, itim, dŸwmek know bilmek know deeply ele almak know somebody tanamak know-how ussatlyk Turkmen/English Dictionary 102 know-nothing Šhlepus knowledgeable dŸºŸnjeli, bilimli knowledge a–-bilim, bilim, ylym known mŠlim, tanyº known person tanyº Kremlin kreml(r) kurd kŸrt L labor zŠhmet laboratory laboratoriØa(r) laboratory worker laborant(r) lace bagjyk, bag, kšjemek lacerate tŸØt-mŸØt etmek lack kemlik, kšst lacquer lak(r), laklamak lactate Øelin gozgamak ladder merdiwan ladel gŸØgŸ ladle olpy, susak lair sŸren lake kšl lamb guzy, tokly lame agsak lament ahmyr etmek, ahmyr, ygyrmak lamp yra, lampa(r) land Øurt, Ÿlke, Øer, tarap, toprak, gonmak land a plane gondyrmak, pessaØlamak landmark elgi landscape landshaft(r), peØa(r) language dil lank takyr lap etek large iºik, esli larynx kekirdek lashes pazyl last ahyrky, ahyryn, šten, gutarnykly, so–ky lastest ter latch onto tirkemek late gi, giki late afternoon ikindin later so–, so–ra latest tŠze lathe tokar(r) latitude (geographical) gi–lik lattice gšzenek laugh hykyrdy, gŸlmek, jakyrdamak, jykyrdamak, (of large groups) gŸlŸºmek, (loudly) pakyrdamak laughing stock oØnatgy laughter gŸlki, jakyrdy launch kater lavish adyl, jomart lavishness jomartlyk law kanun, wesØet lawless bikanun, kanunsyz lawlessness kanunsyzlyk lawyer aklawy lay pollamak, Øerleºdirmek lay down Øazmak lay down arms Øaragsyzlanmak lay eggs Øumurtgalamak layer gat, gatlak, topar, Øokundy layered gatlakly laziness Øaltalyk lazy aman, ezenek, Øaltanmak, Øalta lazybones bihepbe lead Øazlamak, rejelemek, timarlamak, alyn lead (metal) gurºun leader serdar, Øolbaºy leadership Øolbaºylyk leaf Øaprak leak syrykmak, dškmek lean Øanamak, hor, gyºarmak, sšØemek, Øaplamak lean against Øaplanmak lean on one's elbows Øassanmak lean over abanmak leanse saplamak leap towusmak, py–kyrmak, se– kildemek leap off indermek learn šwrenmek, šwrenmek learning tŠlim, taglymat leash šrk, šrklemek leather gaØyº, gšn, deri, teletin leather bag sana leave ykmak leave behind š–Ÿrtmek leaven gor, maØa leavening hamyrmaØa, hamyrturºy lecture pent ledge kert leech sŸlŸk leeward Øele, yk left ep left side ep left-behind galak left-handed person epbekeØ left-over galak leftovers galak-galak leg aØak leg-wrappings dolak legal kanuny legality kanunlylyk, kanunylyk legalize resmileºdirmek, kanunlaºdyrmak legend rowaØat leggy aØakly legibility Ÿmhšreklik legible Ÿmhšrek legitimacy kanunlylyk, kanunylyk legitimate kanuny legitimize kanunlaºdyrmak leguminous kšsŸkli length dowan, uzaklyk, uzynlyk lengthen uzaltmak lengthy dowanly Turkmen/English Dictionary 103 Leo (zodiac sign) ºir lessen azalmak lesson sapak let down myssarmak let escape sypdyrmak let fall gayrmak let go sypdyrmak, goØbermek let in girizmek, hekgermek let loose gayrmak letter hat, hat level tekje, endiganlamak liar aldawy, Øalany libel myjabat liberal jomart liberalness jomartlyk library kitaphana license ygtyØar, ºaØatnama lick one's lips tamºanmak lickspittle Øaranja– lid pokryºka(r) lie ypdyrma, aldaw, aldamak, Šºermek lie down uzanmak, Øatmak life durmuº, gŸzeran, šmŸr, šmŸr, ØaºaØyº, January, mydar life-long companion hemra lifeless jansyz lifelong šmŸrlik lifting kštel light Øagtylyk, Øe–il, Øylpyldy, yºyk, ršwºen light/sky blue mawy lightbulb lampoka(r) lighten Øe–letmek lighter Øe–lemek, Øe–leºmek lightheartedness wŠºilik lightly dressed yplak, ypla– lightning Øyldyrym lightning strike Øyldyrym akmak lightwited Øe–ilkelle like kimin, misli, Øaly, tŸØsli, ºekilli, gowy gšrmek, halamak, pisint oturmak, Øaramak like (one another) halaºmak like a seizure kakynly like that ºeØle, hol like-minded pikerdeº liken me–zetmet likeness me–zelik limb len(r) lime hek limit het limitless Šksiz limp agsamak line yzyk, setir, trassa(r), hatar line up setilemk linen polotno(r) linger haØal-Øagallyk etmek, tŠsgenmek, ykmak lining Øagyrnilik lion arslan, Øolbars lip dodak liquid Øuwan, suwuk, suwuklyk liquify zaØleek list tablisa, ugur listen di–lemek, di–leØmek listen attentively gulak asmak, gulak salmak listen to di–ºirgemek listener di–leØji literacy sowat literal harma-harp literary edebi literate sowatly, sowatly literature edebiØat litter zibil little az, ownuk, uºak little bells dŸwme little book depdere little brother ini little bunny ebºek little by little az-azdan, gitdigie little cakes piro£ny(r) little children oglan-uak little cup pyØaluºka little dictionary sšzlŸklik little finger kŸlembibi little knot dŸwŸnek little rascal bezzat little slice gy–ak live Øaºamak live coals kšz lively janly liver bagyr livestock mal, dowar livestock breeding maldarylyk living ØaºaØyº living quarters mesgen lizard as, ha££uk, kelpeze, suwulgan load ØŸk, zarØadlamak, oklamak load up ØŸklemek loaded ØŸkli loader ØŸki loading zarØadka(r) loaf around ykmak loam laØ, toØun loamy toØunsow loan zaØom(r) lobby foØe(r) local orunly, oturymly, Øerli located Øerleºmek location esgerlik lock gulp, gulplamak, petilemek locust ekirtge log naw loiter ka–kamak lone Øeke loneliness aØralyk long šsgŸn, uzyn, tukatlanmak, uzak long ago birak, hŠli, kšpden long for ygylmak, ymtylmak long-distance ºŠherara long-lasting pugta longitude uzynlyk, uzaklyk look gšrnŸº, kysym, nazar, keºp, garaØyº, kšw salmak look after seretmek look around garanjaklamak look at esetmek, Š–etmek, seretmek look for eklemek, agtarmak, selpemek look for someone indemek look like me–zemek look over a–karmak, Š–etmek loom stanok(r), hellewlemek loop halka, petle(r) loose Øumºak loosen šzmek, Øumºamak looseness Øumºaklyk lose basylmak, utdurmak, Øitirmek lose a game Øe–ilmek, utulmak lose energy ysgynsyzlanmak lose weight iglemek loss Øitgi, yrØa lot bije, ŸlŸº, tŠleØ lottery lotereØa(r) loud asly, ºowhunly love mŠhir, sšØgi, yºk, sšØmek love of work jepakeºlik, iºje–lik love one another sšØŸºmek lover of the wild hyrdar lover of work iºje– low šket, šr, pes low-life aºaky lower šket, aºaklamak, myssarmak, sallamak, Øazdyrmak lower jaw Š– lowering e–aºak lowlands šketlik luck bagt lucky ma–laØly, hoºbagt lull huwwalamak, hŸ££ermek, hŸwdŸlemek lullaby hŸwdi lump kesek, lokga, dšwŸm lunch gŸnortanlyk nahar lung šØken, šØken lungs bagyr-šØken lurch aØkanmak lustre lowurdy, Øalpyldy lye aºgar Turkmen/English Dictionary 104 M ma'am daØza machete algy machine maºinka(r), maºyn machine gun pulemØot(r) machinery) kšneltmek machinist maºinist(r) machmaker sawy mad guduz, telbe made of edilen magazine £urnal(r) magic jady magician jadygšØ magnet magnit(r) magnify ulalmak magpie alahekik mail pota mailman potalon(r) mainland materik maintenance mazmun, saklaØyº majestic belent major maØor(r) make marka(r), Øasamak, hars, etmek make a bed gowlamak make a bet jedel etmek make a call jy––yrdatmak make a case delillendirmek make a fist Øumruklamak make a fuss izzildemek make a hole deºmek make a hole in kšwmek make a noise gyk-bak etmek, ºagyrdamak, ºaggyldamak make a pact wadalaºmak make a place home Øerlemek make a speech ykyº etmek make a stop duruzmak, dŸºlemek make a tool abzallaºdyrmak make a trade sšwda etmek make accurate sazlamak make acquaintance tanyºmak make an abstract of kospektirlemek(r) make an agreement razylaºmak make an effort emgemek make an incision kertmek make an indistinct noise dŸkŸrdemek make an offer teklip etmek make angry gaharjandyrmak, gazaplandyrmak make at home jaØlaºdyrmak make beautiful owadanlamak make better gowulandyrmak, gowulaºmak make black garaltmak make bulging Øepbeºdirmek make clear subut etmek, anyklamak, aØdy–laºdyrmak make deeper ukuralmak, u– almak make dry kakatmak make even de–lemek make fine irlemek make glassy aØnalamak make haste al–asamak make hay siloslamak make hooked ga–rylamak make it to gowuºmak make in time Øetiºmek make known bellenmek, bildirmek make larger ulaltmak make laugh gŸldŸrmek make merry bŠliremek make more frequent Øygjamlatmak make more profuse ukuralmak make muddy palykyldamak make noise gykylyklamak, wagyrdamak make old garratmak make oneself useful peØdalanmak make a sign belgilemek make peaceful parahatlanmak make smaller uºatmak make someone content kanagatlandyrmak make someone wait garaºdyrmak make someone work iºletmek make someone insecure aljyratmak make something better o– atlandyrmak make something crumble owratmak make something drip sarkyrmak make something rhyme kapyØalaºdyrmak make specific konkretleºdirmek(r) make stand turuzmak make still durlamak, arkaØynlamak make thin ineltmek make up ylalaºmak, Øaraºmak make up one's mind karara gelmek make use of haØyrlanmak make weak gowºatmak make well abadanlaºdyrmak make yellow saralmak make-up grim(r), kosmetika(r), dŸzŸm malaria gyzzyrma, ysytma male nurse sanitar(r) malevolent betniet, betpŠl malfunction kellebaºaØak malice hyØanat malicious gy–yr, hyrsyz mallet tokmak man erkek, adam man of letters edebiØaty manage o–armak, beØemilik etmek, dolandyrmak, edara etmek management dolandyrys, uprawleniØe(r), prowlenie(r) manager beØemi, uprawleniØaØuººi£(r), mŸdir mandarin mandarin mandatory hškman maneuver manØowr(r) manger Øasli(r) mangle typanan, taØganak mangy kel, gotur manly mert manner edŠhet, usul, tŠr manure dškŸn manuscript golØazma many eneme, kšp many-floored gatbar-gatbar map karta March mart(r) march ØšrŸº, Šdimlemek marching nyzam mare baØtal mark hŠsiØetlendirmek, alamat, baha, nyºan, teØdar, habar, nyºana marketable ØšrgŸnli marking teØdar marksman mergen marksmanship mergenlik marriage nika married (of a girl) durmuºa ykan married couple Šr-aØal marry nikalaºmak marry (of a girl) durmuºa ykmak marsh sŸØgeºiklik marshall maral(r) marshy (adj.) sŸØgeºik martial law harby ØagdaØ martyr ejir, ezØet marvel gudrat marvelous tŠsin marxism marksizm(r) marxism-leninism marksizmleninizm(r) marxist marksistik(r) mask maska(r) masquerade maskarad(r) mass kšpŸlik, massa(r), jisim, tšp Turkmen/English Dictionary 105 mass death gyrgyn mass meeting miting(r) massage massaA(r), owkalamak mast bogaldak master seneti, senetilik, ussa, ØasaØjy, halypa, hojaØyn, ussat, šzleºdirmek, tŸrgenleºmek mastery eperilik, eperlik, ussaylyk, ussatlyk match otlušp, kŸkŸrt, dšw matchmaker sawylar material maddy, material(r), materiØa(r) materialism materializm(r) materialistic materialistik(r) math tangens(r) mathematical matematiki(r) mathematics matematika(r) matt šŸgsi matted šgŸn matter iº, jisim, madda, materiØa(r), iº mattress dŸºeke mature šnmek maturity Øetºenlik mausoleum mawzoleØ(r) may mŸmkin May maØ may peace be upon you salawmaleØkim mayor hŠkim me men, lŠlezar, lŠlezarlyk, emen meal biº-duº, aØ-šrek, nahar mean Øakymsyz, diØmek2, niØetlemek mean-spirited gaharly meaning ŠhmiØet, many meaningless batnyksyz, bolgusyz means eklen, seriºde, tŠr meanwhile hŠzirlike measure ak, šleg, en, šlemek, šlemek measurement šleØiº meat et meatpie somsa(r) meaty etli mechanic mehanik(r), maºinist(r) mechanical drawing ertØor(r) mechanics mahanika(r) mechanism mehanizm(r) mechanization mehanizasiØa(r) mechanize mehanizmledirme k(r) medal medal(r), £eton(r) medical assistant feldsher(r) medicine derman, em, medisina(r) meditate on di–ir genmek meekness Øuwaºlyk meet gšrŸºmek, garºyldamak, uramak, duº gelmek, duºmak, duºuºmak, tanyºmak, gšrmek, garºy, tanyº bolmak meet someone sataºmak, Øolukmak meeting duºuºyk, oturylyºyk, barlyºyk melancholy tukatlyk melodiousness labyz melody labyz, mukam, he– melon gawun melonfield bakja melt eremek member agza, len(r) membership lenlik membrane perde memorial ceremony aØat memory hakyda, huº, ØadygŠr menace haØbat mend dŸz etmek, Øamamak mental ruhy mention someone else agzamak menu menØu(r) meow mawlamak mercantilism nebisje–lik, nebsewŸrlik merchant sšwdager, sšwdagar merciful geirimli mercury simap meridian meridian(r) merit hyzmat, mertebe merlin gyrgy merrily ºŠhdayk, ºŸwele–li merriment ºadyØanlyk, ºagala– merry bŠlik, sapaly, ºadyØan, ºŸwele–, hoºwagt, mes, ºagala– ly, ºoh message tabºyryk, maglumat, sargyt metal metal(r) metallurgy metallurgiØa(r) meter metr(r) method metod(r), tŠr, usul methodical metodik(r) methodist (one who is skilled in methodologies) metodist(r) methods metodika(r) microbe mikrob(r) microphone mikrofon(r) microscope mikroscop(r) middle ara, orta, ortaky, ortanjy middle-sized aralyk midnight Øary gije might kuwwat mighty Špet mild tultuk, myssyk militancy sšweºlyk militant sšweºjen militarize harbylaºdyrmak military harby military service goºunylyk militia milisiØa(r) milk sŸØt, sŸØt, sagmak milkmaid sagymy milky sŸØtli mill degirmen, haraz millet dary millimeter millimetr(r) million million(r) mimic šØkŸnmek mince eljiremek mind akyl, a–, kelle, ØŸrek, Øat mine ºahta(r) miner ºahtay(r), ºahtØor(r) mineral mineral(r) minister ministr(r) ministry ministrlik(r) mint narpyz, ekankalamak, yrpmak minty narpyzly minus sign minus(r) minute minut(r), kŸlke, maØda minutely jikme-jik miracle gudrat mirage sagym, salgym mirror aØna mischief betlik misconstrue ØoØmak miser gysgan miserly gysgan misfortune betbagtlyk misinformed bihabar mispronounce pelteklemek mispronunciation peltek miss mymak, sypdyrmak, ØŸrek gysmak miss someone intizar bolmak missed sowa mission tabºyryk, missiØa(r) missle snaØard mist igrek, duman mistake Øal–yº mistaken telek misty dumanly mix bulamak, garyºdyrmak, gatmak mix in garyºdyrmak mix up Øal–yºdyrmak, bulaºdyrmak mix with garmak mixed garyºyk mixed up duk, olaºmak moan hyklamak, nala, nalamak, i–lemek, izzildemek mob ŸØºmele– mobile gšme mobilization mobilizasiØa(r) mobilize mobilizlemek(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 106 model gšredeli, model(r), marka(r) moderate maØdal moderately aram modern hŠzirki, tŠze modest kiigšwŸnli modification ŸØtgeºiklik modify ŸØtgetmek moist ygly, ygly, ig, nemli, ºalpy-ºara– moisten ezmek, ezilmek moistness yglyk moisture yg, nem, yzgar, zeØ moisturize zaØleek molasses toºap Moldovan moldowan mole tŠ molecular molekulØar molecule molekula moment lampa, maØ, pursat momentarily ºapba momentary Øalpa, minutlyk(r) Monday duºenbe money pul Mongol mongol monkey maØmyn monotonous birhili monster gorkun monstrous person ganhor month aØ monthly aØlyk monument monument(r), ØadygŠrlik monumental monumental(r) moo molamak mood tap, ºŠht moon aØ, aØdy– moonlit aØdy– moral moral(r), ahlak morality moral(r) morals moral(r) morbidity Øarawsyzlyk more than gowrak morning ertir, irden morsel tike mortar minomØot(r) Moslem musulman mosque metjit mosquito aØaky, irkeØ, ybyn most i– most of the time galapyn moth gŸe, irkeØ mother eje motherhood ejelik mother tongue ene dili motor motor(r), dwigatel(r) motorcyle motosikl(r) motorized water pump skwazhina(r) motorship teplohod(r) mount mŸnmek mountain dag mountain passage štelgesi mountain-dweller dagly mourn gam cekmek, zarynlamak mournful zaryn, nalyºly mouse syan, syan moustache murt moustached murtly mouth agyz mouth harp gopuz mouthful atagzy move gš, tigirlenmek, togalanmak, yrgyldamak, butnamak, gšmek, hereket etmek, herketlendirmek, sŸØºmek, sŸØŸºmek move oneself gozganmak move something gozgamak move something gšŸrmek, sŸØºŸrmek move away from uzaklaºmak move backward gaØralmak move forward ilerlemek, sŸØŸºmek movement gatnaw, hereket, gadam much kŠn, kšp, uly mucus nem mud kir, palyk, batga, or, yrºak, hapa, lŸØk muddle Øal–yºdyrmak muddy kirli mulberry tut mule gatyr mule saddle ga––a mull over ikirjinlemek mullah molla multi-colored re–be-re–, (2 colors) ala, (3 or more colors) alabeder multilateral kšptaraply multiply artdyrma, kšpeltmek mumble samramak, sarnamak mumblings samyrdy municipal kommunal(r) Murat gezdirmek murderer ganhor murmur ºillirdi, hŸmŸrdemek, ºillirdemek, ºirrildemek, ºyrlamak museum muzeØ(r) mushroom kšmelek music saz music bow kemene musical sazly, saz musician sazanda, sazandar Muslim musulman mustard goritsa(r) musucianship sanandarlyk mute sessiz, lal muteness lallyk mutilation ºikes mutineer gozgala–y mutiny pitne, topala– mutter hŸmŸrdemek, samramak, sarnamak mutterings samyrdy mutual šzara mutual aid arkalaºyk mutual respect sylaºyk muzzle tumºuk myself šzŸm mysterious syrly, syrly mystery syr, syr, tilsim Turkmen/English Dictionary 107 N nail ŸØ, ŸØlemek, (metal) myh, (finger or toe) dyrnak naive mšn naked Øalana name atlandyrmak named after ady–daky namely atlaØyn, atly namesake atdaº nana eneke napkin salfetka(r) narrow atØuzli, dar nasty nejis nation millet, halk, Øurt national milli nationality halkylyk, halkyØet, osetin, raØat, millet nationwide Šhlihalk, umumyhalk native sŸØtdeº natural tebigy, kanuny naturalist naturalist(r) naturally formed bakja oØtak nature tabigat naught nol(r) near duldegºir, Øakyn, golaØ nearly tas neat rejeli necessary derkar, gerek, gerekli, zerur, hškman, mšhŸm necessity hškmany neck boØun necklace monjuk necktie galstuk(r) need hajat, zerurlyk, hal-ahwal, mŠtŠ bolmak, (dire need) mŠtŠlik needed gerek, gerekli needle i––e, i––e needy mŠtŠ negative otrisatel neglect Šsgermezilik, Šsgermezlik, harlamak negotiate wadalaºmak negotiated gepleºik negotiation(s) gepleºikler negotiations gepleºik neigh kiº–emek neighbor go–ºy, go–ºy-golan neighborhood tšwerek neighboring go–ºy neighborly duldegºir nephew Øegen nerve nerw(r), damar nest hšwŸrtge, hšwŸrtge, šØjŸk net setka(r), tor neutral bitarap neutrality bitaraplyk new tŠze new thing tŠzelik newlyweds atynja = tŠze atynja newness tŠzelik news habar, hat-habar, tŠzelik newspaper gazet(r) next golaØ, indiki, nobatdaky, nobatky, indi, hšwŸrtgelemek next time indikile nibble gemirmek nice gšrkana, gšrmegoØ, Øakymly, gšzel, mylaØym nickel ºaØylyk, ºaØy nickname lakam niece Øegen, Øegeni night gije nightingale bilbil nightmare garabasma nightsoil dškŸn nimble ØŸwrŸk nine dokuz ninety togsan ninth dokuzynjy nintieth toganynjy nitrogen azot(r) no Øok, dŠl no one yns-jyns no-good warak noble asylly noise galmagal, goh, gopgun, gykylyk, jenjel, ºaggyldy, wagyr, zenzele, ºagyrdy, ses, ºowhun noisy galmagally, ºowhunly, sesli nomad arwa nomadic camp gš nominate bellenmek nomination bellenme non-stop dyngysyz, dynman noodle soup unaº nook Ÿ–k noon gŸnortan noose hepbik, syrma norm norma(r) normal adata, normal(r), kadaly north demirgazyk northeast gaØra, demirgazykgŸndogar northwest demirgazykgŸnbatar nose burun not dŠl not a soul gum-gulluk not at all teØ not bad ganymat not far golaØda not full gowuz not long ago golaØda, hŠli not on good terms jet not peaceful o–ºuksyz not present Øok not understandable dŸºnŸksiz not very onakly not well nŠhoº not well thought out oØlanyºyksyz notable tanymal notary notarius(r) note habar, hat, (diplomatic or musical) nota(r) notebook depder notepad bloknot(r) nothing hi, yns-jyns notice garaºyk notification habardar notion dŸºŸnje, termin(r) nourish iØmitlendirmek nourishment iØmit novel roman(r) November noØabr(r) novice šwrenje now hŠzir, hŠzir, indi, ºindi now then Øa now and then aram-aram nuclear Øadro(r) nucleus šzen numb sšmelmek number nomer(r), san, san, sifr(r), mukdar, nomerlemek(r) nurse emdirmek, naharlamak nursery ºitilhana nut hoz Turkmen/English Dictionary 108 O oar kŸrek oasis oØlyk oat flour talhan oath ant, kasam oats sŸle obesity semizlik object obØekt(r), predmet(r), garºy cykmak objective obØektiw(r) obligatory hškmany oblique gyØa, asy obliterate Øegsan etmek oblong sŸØnmek, sŸØri obscure bŸremek obscurity tŸm, tŸmlŸk obsenity sšgŸn observe syn etmek, synlamak observe a ceremony dabaralanmak obstacle garsylyk, garºylyk obstacles pŠsgelilik obstinacy kelik, kesirlik obstinance tutanØerlik obstinate dikdŸºdi, hšjet, ke, kejal, kejir, kesir, ketje, tutanØerli obstruct bškdemek, germemek obstruction bškden, germew obtuse keje, tŸnt obvious anyk, aØan, aØylsaØyl, gšz-gšrtele, ŠºgŠr, gšrnetin, aØdy– obviously mese-mŠlim obviousness ŠºgŠrlik occasion sŠwlik occasionally endan occupation okkupasiØa(r), hŸnŠr, senet occupied meºgul occupy okkupirlemek occur without help šz-šzŸnden occurence hadysa, hekaØat ocean de–iz, okean(r) October oktØabr odd bitaØ, dagynyk odd (in number) tŠk odor ys oesophagus šdek of course elbetde offence nadyllyk, šØke offences šØke-kine offend gšwnŸne degmek offended šØkeli, kineli, nadyl offense etmiº, kine offer teklip, hšdŸrlemek office edara, kanselØariØa(r), kontor(r), tipografiØa(r) officer ofiser(r) officer's mess ofiserlik official resmi, gerbli offshoot golur often aglaba, Øygy-Øygydan oh hŠ oh, yes hŠ oh! eØ-waØ, wiØ oh! gosh! wah oh! oh boy! waØ oil nebit, Øaglamak, (cooking) Øag oil worker nebiti oilcloth kleØonka(r) oily Øagly okay bolØar, adata, hoº old baØry, garry, goja, kšne old age garrylyk old person garry old things kšne-kŸºŸl old woman kempir older eØmen, ekabyr older brother aga olive zeØtin olympiad olimpiada(r) olympics spartakiØada(r) omission propusk(r) on boØuna on a diet berhizli on an empty stomach ajšze on end syn-syn on hand nagt on purpose bilgeºleØin on the contrary tersine on the part of babatda on top Øokary, atlaØyn onlooker tomaºay once birwagt once again tŠzee, Øamaºgan, Øamaºgandan once and for all dŸØpgšter, dŸØpleØin once more Øene one bir, Øekelik one after the other udantutma, yzlyyzynda one and all beØikli-pesli one and only Øeke-tŠk one-blooded ganybir one by one Øeke-Øeke one day gŸnin one hundred ØŸzlŸk one hundredth ØŸzŸnji one of biri one on one baºa-baº one way gidiºin one-sided birtaraplaØyn oneness birlik, Øekelik onion sogan only di–e, birlik, Øeke only a little ala onset tutnak onslaught tutnak open a, ŠºgŠr, amak, ha– latmat open wide ha–latmat open-hearted gšwnayk, mylakatly, akgšwŸnli opening aylyº openness ŠºgŠrlik opera opera(r) operate ØagdaØlaºmak operation operasiØa(r) opinion ekspertizia(r), garaØyº, pikir opposite a–ry, tersine opposition garºylyk oppress Øanamak oppression sŸtem, zulum or Øa, Øada or else Øogsa, bolmasa orally dilden orange mŠmiºi orbit orbita(r) orbital orbital(r) orchestra orkestr(r) order dŸzgŸn-tertip, dŸzgŸnnyzam, hškŸm, narØad, orden, tertip, tertip-dŸzgŸn, zakaz(r), dŸzgŸn, buØurmak, sargamak, sarmak ordered tertipli ordering dŸzgŸnnama orderliness baºly-barat orderly dŸzŸwli ordinal numbers tertip sanlar ordinarily kšplen ordinary(r) rØadowoØ ore magdan organ organ organic organik(r) organism organizm(r), sŸu organization gurama organize saØhallaºdyrmak, Šklendirmek, horlanmak, guramak organize a party toØlamak organizer guramay origin gelip ykyº, gšzbaºy original šzboluºly originate gelip ykmak ornament gŸl orphan Øetim orthographic orfografik(r) orthography orfografiØa(r) oscillate yrgyldatmak oscillation yrgyldy ostrich dŸØeguº other baºga other people's keseki, kese other things baºga zat others eØleki otherwise baºgaa, Øogsa otter gunduz ouch! eØ-wŠk, wŠk Turkmen/English Dictionary 109 out (sports) aut(r) out of control Øabany out of reach elØeter out of the wind Øele out of tune bozulan out of whack bozulan outcry haØkylyk, nŠrazyylyk outer daºky, gyraky outer space kosmos(r) outfit enjamlaºdyrmak outline kospekt(r) outline sudur, ºekel outlined Šklenmek outpost zastawa(r) output šndŸrijilik outside daºary, daºky oval sŸØri ovary naØa over Ÿstaºyr over the top Øokarlygyna over there hanha, holha, honha overalls kombinezon(r) overcoat palto(r), ºinel(r) overcrowded pŸrepŸr overfill pŸrepŸrlemek overflow daºmak, joºmak overflowing pŸrepŸr overhear di– salmak, di–leØmek overmuch agdyk overnight ØatymlaØyn overstretch gypjyndyrmak overstuffed Øepbeºik overtake ozmak overturn šwrŸliºik, šwrŸlmek, agdarmak overwhelmed gamaºmak owl baØguº own elin, sŸØtdeº, eØe bolmak owner eØe ownership eØeilik, hojalyk oxygen kislorod(r) P pace depgip, Øšriº pack petde, gamlaºdyrmak package banderol(r), gap, pedelemek packed dykyz packet paket(r) paddle kŸrek, kŸreklemek paendeky pŠendeki page sahypa pail bedre, uØluk pain horluk, hupbat, azar bermek, azar, yza painful yzaly painfulness Øarawsyzlyk paint boØag, re–k, boØamak, re–klemek painting £iwopis(r) pair taØ pairless bitaØ pajamas pijama(r) palace kšºk pale akØuzli, mele, solgun, solgun palm aØa palm of hand ºapbat palow (pilaf) tŸw pan taba panacea melhem pancake byzmyk pane ŸØºe panic dowul panorama panorama(r) pant hyssyldamak, daljykmak pants balak, jalbar paper kagyz parallel ugurdaº parcel posulka(r) pardon Øalkamak parents ata-ene, ene-atalar park park(r) parlance gep parrot toty part bšlek, rol(r), ŸlŸº, bšlmek partial bšlekleyin participant gatnaºyjy participate in gatnaºmak participle ortak particular hususan, aØratyn, talapkŠr, ŸØtgeºik particularly ylaØta parting hoºloºyk partisan partisan(r), Øaran partition tuty partner hyzmatdaº partridge kŠkilik parts ºaØlar party oturylyºyk, tapgyr, toØ, (political) partiØa(r) pass putØowka(r), gemek, gezmelemek passage geelge, štelge, olum passenger Øolagy passerby štegi passing gidiºini passion hyjuw, hyru passive passiw(r) passport pasport(r) past š– pastry gutap pastry chef konditer(r) pasture šri pat tapbat, tapbatlamak patch Øama patent gšz-gšrtele path Øšrelge, Øol pathetic gšzgyny, naØynjar patience ydam, kanagat, sabyr, sabyrlylyk, takat, karar patient sabyrly, syrkaw patriot watany patron hossar, howandar patronage howandarlyk patronize hossarlyk etmek pattern Ÿl–i, bejergi pause dyngy, iriºme, togtamak, sagynmak, sem bolmak, sŠginmek pave dŸºemek, pollamak paw penje pay tšlemek, tšlemek pay attention Ÿns bermek payment tšleg, wznos(r), salgyt peace parahatylyk, ynjalyk, asudalyk, imisalalyk, o–ºuk, parahat, parahatlyk, rahat, Øaraºyk, dyn, rahatlyk, tapa peaceful asuda, imi-sala, o– ºukly, rahat, tesilli, rahat peach ºetdaly peacock tawus peal ºa––yrdy, ºy––yrdy, ta–– yrdamak pear armyt pearl dŸr, gšwher peas nohut peasant daØhan peck okalamak, okmak peculiar hususan, šzboluºly, ŸØtgeºik pedal pedal(r) pedalogical terbiØeilik, terbiØeleØjilik peel paak, sypyrmak, arassalamak, artmak peep (squeak) jŸØgŸldy, yºyklamak, jŸØgŸldemek peep over kšw salmak peep at jyklamak Turkmen/English Dictionary 110 peer (person) egindeº, de–duº, Øaºdaº peg gazyk, weºalka(r) pelican gotan pelvis anaklyk pen agyl, ruka(r) pen-knife akgy penalty jerime, jeza penance toba pencil galam pencil-case galamdan penetrate bšwŸsmek penetrating irkin, Øiti peninsula Øarymada pennant wympel(r) pension pansion(r), pensiØa(r) people halk, il, il, il-gŸn, il-halk, ileºler, halk people's halk pepper bur peppery ajy percent protsent(r) perceptive duØgur perdition nŠlet perfect kŠmil, kŠmileºen, kŠmilleºdirmek perfection kŠmillik perfidy ŠhtiØalanlyk perform ykyº etmek peril heder period smena(r), dšwŸr, (punctuation) nokat period of time mšhlet periodic dšwŸrleØin perish helŠk bolmak permanent hemiºelik permission rugsat, sprawka(r), ygtyØar permit putØowka(r) perogative hak, hukuk perpendicular dik perplexed Øygrykmak perseverance erjellik persevering tutanØerli persistence erjellik, tutanØerlik persistent erjel, tutanØerli person adam, kiºi person at the top otlinik(r) personage persona£h(r) personal personal(r), ºahsy, Øekebara personal nature tabigat personality ºahs, ºahsyØet perspective perspektiv(r) persuade gšwnetmek persuasive degerli pester ekelemek, sŸØkenmek pestle soky pet sypalamak petition towakga petroleum nebit petty Øalpak, ownukyl, ØŸzleØ phenomenon hadysa phesant sŸlgŸn philanthropy adamkŠrilik philharmonic filarmoniØa(r) philologic filologik(r) philology filologiØa(r) philosophic filosofik(r) philosophy filosofiØa(r) phlegm gakylyk phlegmy gakylyk phone telefon(r) phonetic fonetik(r) phonetics fonetika(r) phony jšgi photograph fotografiØa(r), forografilemek(r), surat phraseologic fraseologik(r) phraseology fraseologiØa(r) physical training beden terbiØe physics fizika(r) pianist pianist(r) piano pianino(r) pick okmak, syngamak, Øygmak pick up šplemek, šplemek, gštermek picture surat, surat picturesque gšrkana pie gutap piece dšwŸm, tike piece of candy kemput pieces bšlek-bšlek pier pristan(r) piercing apgyn, irkin pig do–uz pigeon kepderi piglet jojuk pile dšs, topbak pilgrim (to Mecca) ymam pill tabletka(r) pillar kolonna(r), sŸtŸn pillow Øassyk pilmeni bšrek pilot pilot(r) pimple dŸwŸrtik pin temenge pinch ŸmmŸk, irtmek, ŸmmŸklemek pinch (in cooking) garnuw, garyndy pink mawy, al, gyrmyzy pins and needles jŸmºŸldi pioneer pionir(r) pioneer days pionirlyk(r) pipe truba(r), trubka(r) pistachio pisse pistol pistolet(r) pit ukur, ukurlyk, dŠne, ºahta(r) pitch e––it, ºepbik, Øapbaºak pitch a tent asyrmak pitcher kŸØze, gola, (iron) tŸ– e pitchfork arºak pitching yrga pitiable gšzgyny pitiful naØynjar pitted gotur pity rehim, puºman etmek, puºman, gaØgyrmak, škŸnmek placard plakat(r) place orun, Øer, punkt(r), tarap, Ÿndemek, Øerleºdirmek, salmak place of respect dul place where people live mekan plain takyr, ØšnekeØ plain to see gšrnetin plains dŸz, dŸzlŸk plaintive nalyºly, naØynjar, zaryn plait sa šrŸmi, yrmaºmak plan plan(r), proØekt(r), enlemek, planaºdyrmak(r) plane rende, rendelemek plane off Øonmak plane tree ynar planer tšrpi planet planeta(r) plank Øokundy, tagta planned planly(r) planning planlyk(r) plant ekmek, oturtmak plaster gips(r), suwamak plasticine plastilin(r) plate tarØelka(r) platform perron(r), platforma(r), estrada(r), tribuna(r) platoon wzwod(r) play oØnamak player oØuny plead šzelenmek pleasant hoºamaØ, Øyly, mazaly, mŠhirli, mylaØym, Øakymly, ºirin pleasantness hoºamaØlyk, mylaØymlyk please Øaranmak pleased with kaØyl pleasing hezil pleasing taste lezzetli pleasure gšnenilik, hezel, hšzir, lezzet, maza, hezillik, keØp, sapa pleat epin pledge Šht plenty gana pliable eØe Turkmen/English Dictionary 111 pliers atagzy plot dildŸwºŸk plotting betniet, betpŠl ploughshare paza plow plug(r), sškmek pluck Ÿzmek, ŸzŸlmek, Øolmak pluck out Øolmalamak plug ºtepsel(r) plum garaly plum tree garaly plumber slesar(r) plump lopbush, semiz, pškgi plumpen parkyldamak plunder talamak plunge topulmak, Ÿmmek plus plØus(r) plush mahmal plywood faner(r) pocket jŸbi, kise pocket money spwa pockmarked gotur pod kšsŸk poem gosgy, poema(r), ºygyr poet ºahyr poetess ºahra poetic poeztik(r), gosgy poetic works ºahyrlyk poignant Øiti point utuk, punkt(r) point (in a game) oko(r) point of view jŠhet, nukdaØnazar pointed zšmmek pointer dil pointer finger sŸem barmak pointless manysyz poison awy poisonous zŠherli poke syngamak, dŸrtmek, ommaltmak poker (for a fire) kesewi polar polØar(r) Pole polØak(r) pole polØus(r), syryk policeman milisioner(r) policy syØasat, syØasat polish taraºlamak, tšrpŸlemek polishing taraº polite edepli politeness edeplilik, sypaØylyk, edep political syØasy politician syØasaty politics syØasat, syØasat pollen tozga pollute zaØalamak polyclinic poliklinika(r) polytechnic politeknika(r) pomegranite nar pond howda, howda, howuz ponder di–ir genmek ponderous saldamly pool basseØn(r), alpaw, howuz poor gedaØ, garyp, myrtar poor person gedaØ poppy lŠle, lŠbik popular geginli, populØar(r), ØšrgŸnli population ilat populous ilatly porcelin farfor(r) porch seki, dalan, podØezd(r) porcupine oklukirpi portend duØdurmak porter nosilººik(r) portion paØ(r), porºen(r), portsiØa(r), gatan, dšwŸm portrait portret(r) Portugal portugal(r) position dŸzgŸnnama, esgerlik, komandirlik(r), pozitsiØa(r), wezipe possessive olluk possibility mŸmkinilik possible mŸmkin possibly Šhtimal post post(r), pota post-meal prayer tšwir (galdyrmak) postage stamp marka(r) postcard otkrytka(r) poster afiºa(r), plakat(r) posterity nesil postpone uzaklaºdyrmak pot gazana, gorºok(r), piti potatoes kartoºka(r) pothole gazganak potter's trade (craft) kŸØzegarlik potty gorºok(r) poultry guºulyk pound bŸkgŸldemek, bŸkdŸrmek pour ogmak, akytmak, gulmak, guØmak, ºabyrdamak pour in guØmak pour out e–termek, tenmek pour over haplamak poverty garyplyk, pukaralyk, Øokluk powder poroºak(r) power kuwwat, gŸØ, hŠkimiØet, kuwwatlylyk, ysgyn, zarp power station elektrostansiØa(r) powerful Špet, kuwwatly powers mejal pox mama practice praktika(r) praise magtan, šwgi, šwgn, taryp, šwmek, magtamak, šwmek, taryplamak pray doga okamak, šzelenmek, dilemek prayer dileg, hudaØa okunma, namaz preach wagyz etmek precept nesihat precipitate Øagmak precipitation Øagyn, Øagmyr, ygal precisely tegelek precision takyklyk predator Øyrtyjy predatory wagºy predominance agdyklyk preface sšzbaºy prefix pristawka(r) pregnant gšwreli premier premera(r) preoccupied aladaly preparation preparat(r) preparations taØyarlyk prepare toplanmak, emelenmek, hŠzirlemek, taØyarlamak, taØynalmak prepare a dish biºirmek preparedness taØyarlyk preposition sšzso–y present hŠzirki, ºindiki present evidence delillendirmek presentation ykyº preserve zapowednik(r) president prezident(r), rektor(r), sowgat presidium prezidium(r) press sykmak, gysmak, basmak, preslemek, Øanamak press conference preskonferentisiØa(r) press forward zomamak press in Øemºertmek press up against gysmyljyramak pressed in Øemºermek pressing mšhletli pressure basyº, sŸtem pretty eØjelik, gšzel, gšrkana, telper previous š–ki previous situation š–kŸlik price nyrh, baha prices gymmatlamak prick naØzalamak, sanjamak prick up (one's ears) Ÿºertmek prickle tiken prickly tikenli pride buØsan, guwan primary ilkinjilik, ilkinji primary beginning baºlangy primordial ilkidurmuº princers gysgy Turkmen/English Dictionary 112 principle prentsip(r) principles kodeks(r) print ºrift(r) printed cotton cloth jir printer apy printing plant aphana, tipografiØa(r) priority biri–ilik prison tŸrme prisoner tussag, tussag, Øesir private hususy, hususy private (soldier) rØadowoØ private office kabinet(r) privilege Øe–illik, hak-hukuk prize baØrak, priz(r) problem problema(r) process protses(r) prod dŸrtmek produce šndŸrmek, šnmek, etmek product šnŸm production šnŸm, šnŸmcilik, šnŸmilik productive guzla––y productivity šndŸrijilik products harytlar profession kesp, kŠr professional professional(r) professor professor(r) profit dŸºewŸnt, nebis, utuº, bŠhbit, haØyr profitable dŸºewŸntli, gazanly profound u––ur prognosis prognoz(r) program programa(r) progress progres(r), Øetiºik progressive progressiw(r) prohibited haram, gadagan project proØekt(r), proØektirlemek proletarian proletor(r) proletariat proletariat(r) prolong sŸØndŸrmek, uzaltmak promise lebiz, wada, Šht promptly okgunly promulgation neºir prone arkan, ØŸzin pronoun at calysma, alyºma pronounce aØdylmak pronunciation aØdylyº, kŠØin proof subutnama prop direg prop up daØamak, diremek propagate propagandirlemek(r) property emlŠk, goº-gola–, malmŸlk, goº, hŠsiØet, hŠsiØet prophecy hadys prophet pygamber propitious o–aØly propoganda propaganda(r) proportion laØyklyk prose kyssa, proza(r) prose writer prozai(r) prospect a–-dŸºŸnje prospecting razwedka(r) prosper pajalamak prosperity eØgilik, dokulyk, ŸpjŸnlik, eºret, o–luk, meslik protect hossarlyk etmek, goramak protection gorag, goraØyº protector goragy protest garºylyk gšrkezme, protest(r), garºylyk gšrkezmek protocol protokol(r) protracted uzyn protrude ommaltmak protruding gŸberek proud buØsanjan, gedam, sarsmaz prove subut etmek, subut etmek proverb nakyl provide ŸpjŸnetmek provide help hemaØat etmek provide hospitality hezzetlemek provided for ŸpjŸn province oblast provocation prowokatsiØa(r) prying bilesigeliji pubis gasyk public ekimli, kommunal(r) public prosecutor garalawy, prokuror(r) publicmindedness jemgyØetilik publication ap etme publish ap etmek, neºir etmek publisher neºir ediji, neºirØaty publishing house neºirØat puddle alpaw puff burugsamak, hyssyldamak puke gusmak pull Ÿwek, tartmak, ekmek pull at ykarmak pull out Ÿtmek, goparmak, sogurmak, sŸØremek pull together bŸzmek pulpit kafedra pumpkin kŠdi pun Øomak punctual rejeli punctuation punktuatsiØa puncture deºmek punish jeza bermek, jezalandyrmak, temmi bermek punishment temmi, Šre, jeza puny gšØduk pupil okuwy, (of the eye) gšre puppy gŸjŸk purchaser alajy pure dury, pŠk, tŠmiz, halal puree pØure(r) purified saplanmak purify saplamak, tŠmizlemek, tŠmislik purple ernil(r) purpose maksat, hyØal, pygyl purr ºirrildemek pursuit kowgy pus ylpyk, iri– pus-like iri–li push iteklemek, itelemek, itermek, itmek, zomamak push and shove itniºmek push button knopka(r) push over agdarmak pushy person itigi put atmak, salmak, garsamak, goØmak, Ÿndemek, Øoklamak put away gizlemek, gizlenmek put forward goØmak put in dykylmak put in lines setilemk put in order saØhallaºdyrmak put inside ŸmdŸrmek put it shortly garaz put off uzaklaºdyrmak put on dakmak put on airs gomparmak, ulumsyramak put on weight semretmek put out šŸrmek put right ugrukdyrmak put through a hole štŸrmek put up germek putrid ŸØrŸk puzzle matal Turkmen/English Dictionary 113 Q qualification kwalifikasiØa(r) quality hil quantity mukdar, ululyk quarrel ekeleºmek, tersleºik, jetleºmek, senemere ediºmek, sšgŸºmek, tersleºmek quarrel with kŠØimek quarrelsome igenje–, igenje–lik quarter ŠrØek, kwartal(r) quay pristan(r) queen (in chess) prezi quest agtaryº question sorag, sorag, sowal, soramak, ºek, sorag bermek queue nobat, nobat tutmak quick alasyn, ØŸwrŸk quick wittedness ŸºŸk quickly alt, hasyr-husur, hyrra, ºagga, ºapba, ºark-ºurk, tiz quickness alasynlyk, altlyk quiet domma, Øuwaº, imi-sala, rahat, arkaØynlamak quietly keremara quilt Øorgan, syramak quince beØi quiver endiremek, sarsmak quiz barlag iº, wiktorina(r) quotation sitada(r) quote sitirlemek R rabbit towºan rabid guduz race Øaryºmak, apyºyk, jyn, Øaryº, urug, tohum, mymak race track aØlaw racism jynsparazlyk racist jynsparaz rack weºalka(r) racket galmagal, gowga, zenzele radiance parlak radiant ršwºen radiate parlamak radio radio(r) radio center radiouzel(r) radio operator radist(r) radio station radiostantsiØa(r) radio-announcer diktor(r) radish rediska(r), turp radius radius(r) raft sal rag esgi, ogdan rage gahar, gahar-gazap, Ÿz– elik, mšwkemek, ºarlamak, mšw almak rags gyØkundy, ºylha raid hŸjŸm railing tutawa railroad pliers Štiºgir rails rels(r) rain Øagmyr, Øagyº, ygal rainbow Šlemgoºar raincoat plaº(r) rainy Øagynly, Øagyºly, ygally raise galdyrnak, galmak, gatalkmak, Øokarlanmak raise a price gymmatlamak raise above gštergimek raise oneself dikelmek, gobsynmak raising kštel raising deer sugunylyk raisins kiºmiº rake dyrmak, dyrmyk rally miting(r) ram go ram-like (a compliment) go rampart se––er range plita(r) rant and rave basyrganmak rap tarsuldamak, tarkyldamak, tarkyldatmak, tarsuldy, tykyrdatmak, tyrkyldamak, tyrkyldatmak, tykyrdamak rapidity altlyk rapidly okgunly, alt rapids gatakar raport raport(r) rare gyt, seØrek rarely iki-Øeke, Øek-tŸk rascal haramzada, aldawy rash iteºen, šrgŸn rat alaka ratify tassyklamak rational islege laØyk rationalist ratsionalizator rationality ratsionaylyk(r) rattle ºarkyldy, tyrkyldy, ta–– yrdamak, tarkyldamak, tarkyldatmak, tykyrdatmak, hy££yldamak, ºarkyldamak rattling tarkyldy raven garga, zag ravine jar raw ygly raw materials igmal ray nur, ºšhle razor pŠki reach gowuºmak react Šwmek reaction reaksiØa(r) reactionary reaksion(r) reactive reaktiw(r) read okamak reading and writing hat-sowat ready taØØar, taØØyn, taØyarlyly, hŠzir real real(r), tŸØs realism realizm(r) realistic realistik(r) reality hakykan, hakykat realize paºmak really hakykatdan, dogrudan really? hiØ? heØ? reap ormak rear tyl, yz rear part Øe–e reason pŠhim, sypalga, sebŠp, spwa, oØlanmak reasonable pŠhimli, sebŠpli reassure haØ-kŸº etmek, hšrekšºe etmek rebel gozgala–y, pitnesi rebellion topala–, pitne rebuff gaØtawul receipt kwitansiØa(r) receive uramak receiver trubka(r) receiving room myhmanhana receiving set radionpryomnik(r) recently arada, Øa–y Øakynda recess arakesme recipe retsept(r) recital konsert(r) recline sŸØnmek recognize ykrar etmek, tanamak recollection ØadygŠr Turkmen/English Dictionary 114 recommendation rekomendasi Øa(r) recompense tšlemek reconcile ylalaºdyrmak, razylaºmak, Øaraºdyrmak reconciliation Øaraºyk reconnaissance party razwedka(r) record rekord(r), Øazgy recover gutulmak, sagalmak recruit pyntyklamak rectify dŸzetmek rector rektor(r) rectorship rektorlyk(r) red ypar, gyrmyzy, gyzyl red poppy gŸlŠlek redden gyzarmak reddest gyp-gyzyl reduce haØallatmak, selenlemek, seØreklemek, Øuwaºatmak, egismek, kemeltmek, kemmek, kieltmek, peseltmek, Øuwaºamak reduction peseltme reed i–rik, gamyº, gargy refer to salgylanmak refine kŠmilleºdirmek, Øukalmak reflect aØlamak reflective aØnadan reflexive duØdansyz reform reforma(r) refresh yºyklandyrmak, janlandyrmak refrigerator holodilnik(r) refugee gagak regard Šsgermek regime rezhim(r) regiment polk(r) region olrug, raØon(r), Ÿlke, uastok(r) register registrirlemek(r) registration registrasiØa(r), Øazgy registry registratura(r) regret ahmyr, gynan, škŸn, puºman, ahmyr etmek, gynanmak, puºman etmek, škŸnmek regular regulØar(r), kadaly regulate regulirlemek(r) rehearsal repetisiØa(r) reign hškŸm sŸrmeklik, hškŸm sŸrmek rein in ideklemek, jylawlamak reinforce mŠkŠmlemek reinforced berkitme reinforcement berkitme reins jylaw reject ret etmek rejoice mona bolmak relate beØan etmek relation gatnaºyk, howandar relationship howandarlyk, hossarlyk relative dogan-garyndaº, garyndaº, howandar, otnositel, ºertli relatives kowum-garandaº, nebere relaxation dyn relaxed hatyrjem relay race estafeta(r) release sypmak, akdyrmak, sabamak relevant dahylly reliable Šhtibar, ynamly religion din religious dindar, dini rely baØrynmak remainder galyndy remaining galyndy remedy seriºde, seriºde remember Øatlamak rememberance hakyda remind Øatalatmak remote daºlykdaky remoteness u–luk removal kšwek remove ykarmak, daºlaºdyrmak render Šbermek renew tŠzelemek, tŠzelenmek renovate tŠzelemek rent kŠrende tšlegi rental kŠrende, kireØ repair bejermek, Øamamak, dŸz etmek repair(s) remont(r) repay a debt šzmek repeal goØbolsun etmek repeat gaØtalmak repeat several times gaØtalaºdyrmak repetition Øola replace tŠzelenmek, tŠzelemek replica replika(r) report doklad(r), maglumat, hasabat report upon bildirmek repose rahatlyk, tapa, ynjalyk representative wekil reproach gyjalat, teØene, kŠØin reproof kŠØin reptiles sŸØrenjiler republic respublika(r) republican respublikan(r) repugnant Øigrenji repulse gaØtawul reputation abraØ, at-abraØ request haØyº, towakga, haØyº etmek requirement talap research gšzleg resemblance me–zeº resemblance me–zelik resemble alym etmek, me– zemek reserve zapowednik(r) reserve(s) rezerw(r) reserved garasšØmez, domma resin ºepbik resolute tšwekgel, ŸzŸl-kesil, kesgin resolution rezolØusiØa(r), šzgŸt, ustaw(r) resort kurort, sanatoriØa(r) resource resurs(r) respect hatyra, hezzet-hormat, hormat, sylag, yzzat, hormatlamak, sarpa goØmak, sylamak respect sarpa respectable epeØ respond seslenmek respond to Šwmek responsibility garamat, jogapkŠrilik responsible jogapkar, jogapkŠrli rest dyn, rahatlyk, tapa, ynjalyk restaurant restoran(r) restrain one's self saklanmak result netije, timarlamak result in rejelemek resurrection diriliº retell beØan etmek retract dŠnmek retreat gamak, ekilmek, sepikmek retribution jeza return gaØdyºyn, šwrŸlmek, gaØtarmak reveal oneself paramak revel keØp ekmek revenge ar, kast revenue gipdeji reverence yzzat review syn etmek, syn, tankyt, gaØtalaºdyrmak revival galkynys revive janlanmak revolution rewolØusiØa(r), šwrŸliºik revolutionary rewolØusion(r) revolve hozanaklamak reward baØrak rheumatism bilagyry, guragyryly rhombus rom(r) rhyme kapyØa, rifma(r), kapyØalaºdyrmak, kapyØalaºmak rib gapyrga ribbon lenta Turkmen/English Dictionary 115 rice tŸw, bŸrŸn rice porridge ºŸle rich baØ rich in content manyly rich in possessions barly rich with bol richness dšwlet ricochet awmak riddle matal, tapmaa ride togalamak ridge ulgam ridiculous gŸlkŸn, bolgusyz riding academy maner riding school maner rifle tŸpe– right hak, hak-hukuk, hukuk, hukuk, mamla, hak right after yzy bilen right now derrew right up to tŠ righteous halal rigid do–an rim er–ek rime igrek rind paak ring ØŸzŸk, halka, jy–– yrdamak, ºy––yrdy, zar– yldamak, ja––yrdamak, ºa– lamak, ºa––yrdamak, ºy–– yrdamak ring finger ogulhajat ringing jy––yrdy, ºatlama rink taØganak rinse aØkamak rinse out aØkamak rip out a seam sškŸlmek, sškmek ripe tagt ripped Øyrtyk rise gšgermek, (of the sun) dogmak risk tšwekgelilik, tšwekgellik, heder rival bŠsdeº rivalry bŠsleºik river derØa rivet berin road Øol roam tentemek, seØil, seØran etmek, entemek, entreklemek roar gŸbŸrdemek, gŸmmŸrdemek, gŸrrŸldemek, mš––Ÿrmek roar with laughter hahahaØlamak roast irkizmek rob talamak robe don rock yralamak, yramak, yranmak, yra– atmak, uurmak, Ÿwremek rocket raketa(r) rocky daºly rod ybyk rodents gemrijiler role rol(r) roll tirlemek, tirlendirmek, towlanmak, tigirlemek, togalamak roll of film pleØonka(r) roll up ugutmak, dŸØrlemek, pyrlamak roller rolik(r) rolling yrga rolling pin oklaw Romanian rumyn(r) room otag root kšk, dŸØp rope tanap rose bŠgŸl, gŸl rostrum kafedra rot ŸØremek rotate towlamak rotation aØlanma, tow rotten ŸØrŸk, palak, yslanan rotteness zaØaylyk, ŸØrŸklik rough copy garalama roughness harsallyk round tegelek, šwre, tapgyr, raund(r) round off Øumralmak round trip gidiºin-gaØdyºyn rouse tutaºdyrmak route gatnawy, trassa(r) row hatar, setir, September, zweno(r), kŸreklemek rows setilemk rub almak, oØkamak, sŸrtenmek, sŸØkemek, sŸØkenmek rub in sŸrtmek, yrºamak rub oneself oØkanmak rubber kauuk, rezin(r) rubbing alcohol spirit rubbish makulatura rucksack rØukzak(r) rudder sŸØpent rude gšdek rugby regbi(r) rugby player regbii(r) ruin zaØalamak, bozmak ruined weØranylykly ruins haraba rule dŸzgŸn, kada, hŠkimiØet ruler han, (measuring) yzgy rumble ºakgyrdy, gŸrpŸrdi, jugurdamak, ºakgyrdamak, ºakgyrdatmak, takyrdamak, takyrdatmak, tykyrdamak rumours myº-myº rumour owaza rumoured hyºy-wuºy run ylgaw, geirmek, ŸwdŸrmek, ylgamak, ylgamak run away zut gayp gitmek run insomething sŸsdŸrilmek run into akyºmak running ylgaw rush gargy, topulmak, ozmak, dazlamak, e–mek, howlykmak, haØdamak rush out zogdyrylmak Russia orsØet Russian ors, rus Russian language orsa, rusa rust pos, iglemek rustle ºagyrdy, ºitirdi, ºybyrdy, ºygyrdy, ºykyrdy, ygºyldy, ºaggyldamak, ºaggyldy, ºyglamak, ºyrkyldy, agsyldamak, ºagyrdamak, ºybyrdamak, ºygyrdamak, ºykyrdamak, ygºyldamak, ybºyrlamak, ygºyldamak, ybºyldy, ygºyldy rusty posly ruthless rehimsiz rye owdary Turkmen/English Dictionary 116 S saber gyly sabotage diversiØa(r), Øykgynylyk sack halta, ganar sacred mukaddes sacrifice gurban, pida sad gamgyn, gamly, gaØgyly, tukat, zaryn saddle eØer, eØerlemek, iirgilemek saddle straps ganjyga sadness gaØgy, tukatlyk safe arkaØyn safely sag aman, aman safety pin i––ebagjyk, sanjak, temenge sag gaغarmak sag-gurgun gezip Øšremek=be in a good mood sag-gurgun sail Øelken sailing Øelkenli sailor de–izi, matros(r) salad salat(r) salary aØlyk saleable ØšrgŸnli salient ilgin saline ºor saliva tŸØkŸlik salivate tŸØkŸliklemek sallow saryØagyz salt duz, duzlamak salt solution ºerebe salt water ºorsuw saltiness ºorluk salty duzly, ºerebe, ºor salute salØut(r) samovar semawar(r) sample nusga sanatorium sanatoriØa(r) sand Šge, gum sandbank saØ sander tšrpi sandwich buterbrod(r) sandy gumak sapling nahal sash bilguºak satiate berikmek satin setin(r), atlaz satisfaction dokluk, hoºallyk, kanagatlanarlyk, kanagat, razØlyk satisfactory hoºal, kanagatlanlarlykly satisfied dok, razy satisfy gandyrmak, kanagatlandyrmak Saturday ºembe saunter aØlanjyramak sausage kolbasa(r) sausage link sosiska(r) save tygºytlamak saving tygºyt savings zapas(r) saw bygy, pygy, bognamak, bygylmak say Øamanlamak, diØmek1, gŸrlemek say good-bye hoºlaºmak say hi salamlaºmak say something dillenmek say unpleasant words Øokuº sšz aØtmak scabbard gyn scald haplamak scale tor, (for weighing) gapan, (of a map) mastab scales terezi scandal haØØarlyk, nadaralyk, ºer, goh, jenjel scandalmonger gybatkeº scandalous haØØar, nadara scar apyk scarcely ala scarcity kemilik, kemlik, kšst scare ŸrkŸzmek, gorkuzmak scarecrow garantja, gŠp scarf ºarf(r), Øaglyk scarlet fever hšrezek, tŠjihoraz scatter dagatmat scattered alam-aº scenery ØagdaØ scent atyr schedule raspisaniØe(r), tablisa scheme shema(r) school mekdep, uiliººe(r) science ylym science (degree) alymlyk scientific ylmy scientist alym scissors gaØcy scold kŠØemek, sšgmek scoop susmak scorch owlamak score san scorpion iØan scout razwedkay(r) scrambled eggs heØgenek scrap letde, para, paralamak scraps gyØkundy scratch dyrnaak, sypjyryk, ykyrdy, dyrnaaklamak, gaºamak, sypjyrmak, soØmak scrawny epiksi, hor scream gykylyk, nŠrazyylyk, haØkyrmak, he–kirmek, (from fear) wŠgirmek screen ekran(r) screw nurbat screw in bintlemek scrupulousness Ÿmhšreklik scuffle uruº, penjelemek sculptor skulptor(r) sculpture skulptora(r) sea de–iz sea gull arlak seal ap, metbugat, peat(r), peatlamak, plomwalamak(r), Øelimlemek seal off beklemek seal tightly jebisleºmek seal with glue Øelmemek sealed tightly jebis seam September, tikin seaman matros(r) seamstress tikini search agtaryº, ideg-sorag, agtarmak, dšrmek, gšzlemek search for gšzlemek, idemek searchlight projhektor(r) season mšwsŸm, pasyl, halat seasons aØlar seat (of war) ojak secluded ola second ikinji, sekunt(r) second place ikinjilik second time ikilen second-hand saklanan secondary ikinji derejeli secret assyryn, gizligin, gizlin, ogryn, syr, tilsim, Øaºyryn secret service officer razwedkay(r) secretiveness assyrynlyk section bšlŸm, seksiØa(r), Øartma, zweno(r), (of a city) kwartal(r) secular dŸnØewi security howpsuzlyk, howpsuzlyk, ŸpjŸnilik security deposit girew sediment škŸndi, lšdere sedition bozgaklyk see gšrmek see off ugratmak seed dŠne, tohum seeded tohumlyk seeder seØalka seeding tohumylyk seedling nahal seeds itgitlemek seek advice maslahatlamak seem gšrŸnmek seem strange ge–lemek seems Øaly-la seeth lakyrdamak seethe ºarlamak, pykyrdamak segment dilim seizure kakyn seldom seØrek, seØrek selected saØlama self elin, šz Turkmen/English Dictionary 117 self-centered šz kelle self-couscious mŸØnŸrgemek self-doubting mŸ–kŸr self-interest nebisje–lik, nebsewŸrlik self-rule šzbaºdaklyk self-worth namys sell satmak, satynalmak sell wholesale lomaylygyna satmak seller satyjy seminal tohumlyk seminar seminar(r) send ibermek, Øollamak senior ekabyr, eØmen sensational ºowhunly sense duØgy, tikeneklemek senseless manysyz sensitive eserde–, šØkelek sensual duØgur sentence sšzlem, hškŸm sentimentalize over suwjarmak sentner (100 kg.) sentner(r) separate izolirlemek separated dyr-pytrak bolmak separation aØralyk September sentØabr sequin jŠjek Serb serb(r) Serbian serb(r) seretary sekretar(r) sergeant serzhant(r) series sereØa serious goØazy, salyhatly, ymykly serious ideas oØ-pikir seriously ynlakaØ sermon wagyz-nesihat servant gulluky, hyzmatkŠr, hyzmatkŠr serve Šbermek, hyzmat etmek service gulluk, hyzmat, hyzmat sesame kŸnji session sessiØa(r) set dšw, Ÿndemek, gurmak set down dŸºŸrmek set in order dŸzgŸnleºdirmek set off ugramak set off for ugratmak set straight dŸzetmek, dikeltmek, ugrukdyrmak set up germek, asyrmak settle accounts haklaºmak, hasaplaºmak, ŸzŸlmek settle down ornaºmak settlement posØolok(r), wadalaºyk seven Øedi seventh Øedinji seventy Øetmiº several telim sew atmak, gaØmalamak, tikmek, tikmek sew a blanket syramak sew into Øabºyrmak sewage system kanalizasiØa(r) sewing tikinilik sex pol(r) shack kŸme shade kšlege shady kšlegli shady side guzaØ shaft guØy shah ºa shake endiremek, sandyramak, tibirdemek, titrewuk, mŸ– kŸldemek, uurmak, silkmek, zagyrdamak, sarsdyrmak, titremek shake hands elleºmek, Øe– lenmek shake up tisginmek shaking sandyrawuk, sarsgyn shallow Øalpak shallower uºatmak shame biabraØlyk, ejap, masgarylyk, utan, uØat, ØŸzŸgaralyk, namys, utandyrmak shameful biabraØ, masgara, wejera shameless binamys, haØasyz, utansyz shape resmileºdirmek shard jŠjek, gyØak share gatan, Ÿlemek shareholder paØy sharp apgyn, kesgir, štgŸr, Øiti, syny sharpen gaØramak, taplamak, Øiteltmek, Øamamak sharpness ŸºŸk shatter kŸl-peekun etmek, mynjyramak, mynjyratmak, semek, sepelemek, sepmek shave Øonmak, syrmak shaving Øonuºga shavings gyryndy shawl gy–a she ol shed telŠr shed hair soØulmak sheep goØun sheep dung gyØk sheep hold agyl sheep skin bagana shelf polk(r), tekje, kapasa shell gabyk shelter buky, penalamak shepherd opan shepherd boy oluk shepherdhood opanilik sherbert ºerbert(r) shift smena(r), (work) alºyrgy shiftless kelesa– shifty eyed Øeser gšzler shin injik shine lowurdy, šwŸºgin, Øalpyldy, lowurdamak, ºšhlelendirmek, ŸlpŸldemek, Øgjarmak shingles demrew shining Øalpyldawuk shiny Øalpylda duran ship gŠmi, korabl(r) shirk progul etmek shirt kšØnek shish-kebob iºlik, kebap shiver mŸ–kŸldemek, sa–– yldamak, titremek, tibirdemek shoal saØ shock urgy shoe aØakgap shoe lace ugur shoelace bag shoemaker Šdiki, kšwŸººi shoes kšwŸº shoot tŸpe–lemek, atmak shoot down atyºmak shooter atyjy shop dŸkan, magazin(r), seh(r) shop window witrina(r) short gysga, jontuk, kelte, pes short poem kyssa short-sighted ºowa kšr short-sightedness ºowalyk shortage kemilik, kemlik, kšst shorten gysgaltmak, kelteltmek, kieltmek, kielmek shot up pers-ala shoulder igin, egin, omuz shoulder blade pile shoulder strap pogon(r) shoulder(s) gerden shout haØkyrmak, he–kirmek, haØkylyk, gyk-bak etmek, zowlatmak shout back and forth gygyryºmak shove sarsdyrmak shovel pil, susgu, idirdetmek shoving sarsgyn show sergi, tomaºa, gšrkezmek, hezzetlemek show off kelermek shpere sfera(r) shred ogdan shrewd syny shrewdness sap shriek u–samak shrill irkin shrink ŸrŸºmek, daralmak, Øygrylmak shrivel ŸrŸºmek shudder tisginmek, sandyramak, diglemek, dyglamak, lerzana gelmek, sarsmak shuffle garmak, pŸrkmek shun Øadyrgamak Turkmen/English Dictionary 118 shut up dymmak shutter gabsa shy gorkak, utanja–, Øygra shyness utanja–lyk, Øygralyk sic (a dog) kŸºgŸrmek, meew bermek sick akyza, hassa, keselli, kesel, nŠsag sickle orak sickler oraky sickly gšØduk sickness yryk, emgek, hassalyk, Øarawsyzlyk side bšwŸr, bykyn, gapdal, ØŸz sided taraplaØyn sidewalk trotuar(r) siege gabaw sieve elek sift elemek siftings kepek sight tirkeg, tomaºa sign alamat, belgi, bellik, reje, znaok(r), nyºan, nyºan, gol ekmek signal signal(r) signature gol significance ŠhmiØet significant bajyp, ŠhmiØetli signifier alamat signify a–latmak, alamatlandyrmak, belgilemek, diØmek2 silence dymºyk, geplemezlik silent sessiz silently keremara silk ØŸpek silk production ØŸpekilik silly tentek, batnyksyz silt gyrmana silver kŸmŸº, kŸmŸºlemek silver jug for water kŸnnŸk silver plate kŸmŸºlemek similar me–ze, me–zeº similar to ºekilli similarity me–zelik simple sada, tŸrkana, ØšnekeØ, Øe–il simple greeting salam simpleton tentek simplicity sadalyk simplify Øe–illeºdirmek simply so keØpine sin Øazyk, gŸnŠ since bŠri since days of yore kšneden since then aradan sincere dogruyl, sada sincerely yn ØŸrekden sincerity ynØŸrekdeºlik, dogruyllyk sing saØramak sing the LŠle Jana lŠle kakmak singe owlamak singer aØdymi, bagºy singular aØra sink batmak, škmek sinus sinus(r) sip gerinmek sister uØa sister-in-law gelin sit oturmak sit on the knees ške dŸºmek site meØdana situation en, ØagdaØ, halahwal, waka six alty sixty altmyº sizable gšwrŸmli size format(r), šleg, šleg, ululyk, gabara sizzle jyzyrdamak, jyzlamak sizzling jyzzyk skating rink katok(r) skein kelep, Øumak sketch eskiz(r), taslama, oerk, ºekel ski lyzha(r) skier lyzhay(r) skiing lyzha(r) skilled eper, škde, tŸrgen skilled person seneti skillful tŸrgen, eper, škde skimmer kengir skin deri, teletin, soØmak, soØmak skin-and-bones epiksi skinny arryk, igli skip apmak skip a beat jiglemek skirt Øubka(r), etek skull cap bšrŸk sky asman, gšk skylark (bird) togaØ slab plita(r) slacken haØallamak slake gandyrmak slander ºyltak, tšhmet, Øš– kemek, ºugullamak, ºyltak etmek, tšhmet atmak, Øamanlamak slanderer tšhmeti slanderous tšhmetilikli slant gyºarmak slanting asy, gyØa slap in the face ºapbat slaughter gyrgynylyk, šlºŸk, gyrkmak slaughterer gyrkymy Slavic slawØan(r) sled sani(r) sledgehammer Øekedaban sleep uky, Øatmak, uklamak sleepless bimaza sleepyhead ukuyl sleeve Øe– slender syratly, Øuka slice dilim, dilik, dilmek, syhalamak slide taØmak, typmak slide down tyrpma sliding box eker slight sŠhele slightly sŠhel slim syratly slime batga slip taØmak, typmak slip off tyrpma slippery taØga, taØganak, sŸrek slit yº, dilik etmek slogan ºygar slope e––it, Øapbaºak, Øapgyt, e–aºak sloppy sowuk-sala, gŸmŸrtik, sšlpi slops Øuwundy slouch telkermek slovenly hapysa slow haØal, Øuwaº slow down haØallatmak, tesmek slowly haØal, Øuwaº slowness Šwmezlik, haØallyk sluggish aman slush lŸØk, laØ sly mekir small kii, Ÿlpe, kŸlke, maØda, uºak, ØŸzleØ, iri, irlemek, ownuk, Øalpak small boned ejiz small book kitapa small circle kru£ok(r) small drop damdyk small hammer apgy small movement gymyldy small pox mama small sheep tokly small shovel kebze small stack petde smart akylly smash kŸl-peekun etmek, mynjyratmak smear almak, yrºamak smell ys, ysgamak, (to smell strongly) go–ursamak smile Øylgyrys, Øyrºarmak, Øylgyrmak smoke tŸsse, tŸtemek smoke (give off smoke) tŸsselemek smoker ilimkeº smooth tekiz, Øylmanak, sypalamak, tekizlemek smooth out Øuwmarlamak smooth woolen cloth mawut smoothness tekizlik snake Øylan snake scales gow snap ºyrkyldy, ºyrkyldamak snap at jabjynmak snap one's fingers pitikilemek Turkmen/English Dictionary 119 snare duzak, hepbik snatch penjelemek snatch away towsa gštermek sneak bukdaklamak sneeze asgyrmak snicker hikirdi, hikirdemek snivel yzlamak snobbiness ulumsylyk snobby ulumsy snore hor ekmek, hor ekmek, horlamak snort horlamak snout tumºuk snow gar snow leopard bars(r) snowstorm boran snowy garly so beØle, ºuna, ºeØle, ºumlukda, ºeØlelik bilen, ºeØlelikde so many ºona, ºuna so much geregie, ºona, ºuna so then onso– soak ezmek, ŸmŸrmek, suwjarmak soaked myjjyk– soap sabyn soar gaØmak, pasyrdamak sob horkuldamak, ºumjarmak sober a–ly, sersag sobriety sersaglyk sociable alak social sosial(r) social conscience jemgyØetilik socialism sosialism(r) socialistic sosialstik(r) society jemgyØet socks jorap soft tultuk, Øumºak, myssyk soft food si––itli soft milk product like yoghurt gatyk soften Øumºamak softness Øumºaklyk soil kirletmek solder galaØylamak soldier esger, soldat(r) soldierhood soldatlyk sole bitewi sole (of foot) daban sole of a shoe olta– solid durnukly, pugta, ydamly solidarity raØdaºlyk solidly ersmek solitary Øekemen solution šzŸº, ergin some berentak, birnŠe, kŠbir, kŠbiri, pylan, telim some people kŠbiri somehow (or other) telli-pelli someone else's keseki, kese somersault aºyr something new šzgeriº sometimes aram-aram, endan, kŠmahal, kŠte, kŠwagt, hernŠ somewhat birhili, hili-bir hili son ogul son-in-law giew song aØdym soon basym, hasyr-husur, hyrra, ºagga soot dŸØt, gurum soothe haØ-kŸº etmek, hšrekšºe etmek sore peºehorda sorrel ypar sorrow gussa, škŸn sorrowful gynanly, tukat, rehimdar, rehimli sort sort(r), sortlamak sought-after geginli soul ØŸrek, gšwŸn, ruh soulless rehimsiz sound owaz, ses, ŸØn, ºagyrdy sounds ses-ŸØn soup orba sour turºy source eºme, gšzbaº, pru£in(r), eºme south gŸnorta southern gŸnorta southpaw epbekeØ souvenir ØadygŠrlik sowing ekiº space sele– spacious bšwºe–, gi–iº, gi– span bat spangle ugun, jŠjek Spanish ispan spare tygºytlamak sparkle ugun, Øyldyramak, lowurdamak sparkling Øalpyldawuk sparkly Øyldyrawuk sparrow sere, seri sparse Øuwan speak gŸrlemek, geplemek, geplemek, sšzlemek speak directly gšnŸlmek speak highly taryp etmek speak hoarsely hy££yldamak speak in Russian rusalamak special Øšrite, Øšrite specialist spesalist(r) specialize in Øšritelesºdirmek specific aØratyn, udel(r), has, konkret(r) specificity aØratynlyk specify takyklamak specimen ekzemplØar(r), nusga spectacle tomaºa spectacles ŠØnek spectator tomaºay spectile spektakl(r) speech ykyº speed altlandyrmak, tizlik, Øšriº speed along dazlamak speed up tizleºdirmek, Øygjamlatmak spell out konkretleºdirmek(r) spelling orfografiØa(r) spend harajat etmek, harlamak, Øitirmek spend money sowmak sphere ºar(r), togalak spherical togalak spicy ajy spider le–kewut, mšØ spiderweb kerep spigot kran(r) spill špleme, dškmek spin egirmek, saramak spinach ysmanak spindle ik spine o–urga, geriº, Øagyrny spinner egriji spinning wheel arh, perik spirit ruh, ºŠht, gšwŸn, ruh spirited gšwŸnly spirits tap spiritual ruhy spit gyllyk, iº, gagyrmak, tŸØkŸrrmek spit out gagyrynmak spit up kŸl-owram (bolmak), kŸl-uºak spiteful hyrsyz spittle tŸØkŸlik splash pŸrkmek, ºalpyldy, ºapyrdy, syramak, syratmak, ºalpyldamak splint ºin(r) splinter gyldyrgan, gyØak split at, jaØryk, jaØrylmak, Øarylmak, ºakgalamak split open atlamak spoil zaØalamak, ajatmak, dymjykmak, haraplamak, zaØalamak, zaØalanmak, ŸØtgediji, isrip bolmak spoil a child sypa–-serme– spoiled harap, zaØa, zaØalanan spoils of war olja spoken gepleºik spool tegek, tigir spoon eme, (Yomud) galam sport sport(r) sportsman sportmen(r) spot menek, tegmil, utuk spotted fever šrgŸnli spout (of a teapot) jŸrŸndik spray dermanlamak, syratmak, suwlamak, syramak, sepelemek sprayer suwulu Turkmen/English Dictionary 120 spread pollamak, almak, ogmak, ºabyrdamak, yrºamak spread out asyrmak, semek, dŸºemek, sermek spread terror mšw almak spring bahar, bulak, gšzbaº, pru£in(r), Øaz, eºme, towusmak, Øazlyk spring forth suddenly zomp edip ykak spring up dšremek sprinkle pŸrkmek, sepmek sprout ºitil spur debsilmek spurt zogdyrylmak sputter jazyrdamak sputtering jazyrdy spy ialy, yºyklamak, jyklamak square kwadrat(r) squash kŠdi, itniºik squat ommalmak squeak jŸØgŸldy, jygyldamak, jygyldy, (of a shoe) jaØyrdy, (of a shoe) jaØyrdamak squeeze sykmak squelch ºapyrtdatmak, ºorpuldatmak squinty-eyed asy squirrel belka stab naØzalamak, pyaklamak stab with a dagger sanmak stability durnuklylyk stabilize pugtalandurmak stable at Øatak, baldak, durnukly stack kŸde, kŸdelemek stadium stadion(r) staff sostaw(r), ºtab(r) stage estrada(r), sahna stage manager rezhissØor(r) stagger goduklamak, aØkanmak, umak stagnant Øata stain menek, tegmil, kirletmek stairs merdiwan stairway merdiwan stale gaty stalk sŸmmŸl stall atØatak, dŸkan, Øatak stallion aØgyr, taØ stamp ºtamp(r), ap, metbugat, peat(r), peatlamak, gŸpŸrdemek, ºtamplamak(r), tarpyldatmak, dŸrtgŸ stamped gerbli stamping gŸrpŸrdi, patydyr, tapyrdy, tarpyldy stand durmak, kuwwatlanmak stand something up jaØtartmak stand guard garawul durmak stand in file hatar durmak stand in order hatar durmak stand on end arpaØa galmak, jaØtarmak stand on someone's feet suddenly (?) syramak stand out jaØtarmak, tapawutlanmak stand up turmak, gobsynmak standard norma(r) standardize kadalaºdyrmak stanza kuplet(r) star Øagtylgy, Øyldyz starch krahmal(r), pet stare i–erilmek, petretmek, syn etmek, mšlerilmek, seretmek stare at ji–kermek stare threateningly alarylmak stare wide-eyed mšlertmek starling sar start gemek, dšretmek, tisginmek startle ge–irgendirmek startled ge–irgenmek state ºtat(r) state farm sowhoz(r) stateroom kaØuta station punkt(r), stansiØa(r), wokzal(r) statue heØkel statute ustaw(r) staunch dšzŸmli steadfast i–e, gyºarnyksyz, mizemez steal ogurlamak stealthy Øaºyryn steam bug, tŸtemek steel polat steep dik steering wheel rul(r) stench porsy step gadam, Šdimlemek, Štlemek, Štmek step back ekilmek step(s) basganak step- (mother/father) šweØ steppe sŠhra, gyr stick taØak, šp, hasa, ºepbeºmek, Øemlemek, (into) Øapyºdyrmak stick into ŸmdŸrmek stick out jaØtarmak, taØzarmak stick to Øapyºmak stick togehter sŸzŸlmek sticky ºembeºik stigma tagma stigmatize tagmalamak still dek, entegem, entek, entŠk, Øalta, ºindi, heniz, hŠli stillness Øaltalyk sting or bite akmak stink porsy, kokamak stinker a–kaw stir bulamak, gymyldamak, gymyldamak stir up against šjŸkdirmek stirred bulanmak stirrup Ÿze––i stitch petle(r), tikin, depjemek stitch up petlemek stobborness kesirlik stolen tala–ylykly stomach aºgazan, garyn, mŠde stomp dŸkŸrdemek, dŸkŸrdetmek, tapyrdamak stone ºŠnik, daºlamak stony daºly stoop egmek stop sŠginmek, togtamak, duruzmak, (bus) duralga stopper dyky stopping place dŸºelge storage zapas(r) store dŸkan, saklamak storehouse sklad(r) storm gaØ, gom, tupan story erteki, hekaØa, hekaØat, powest(r), kyssa, rowaØat, (floor) etazh(r) stove plita(r) straight gšni, zowwam, dogry straight toward baka straighten endiganlamak, dikeltmek straighten oneself dikelmek straighten out gšnelmek straighten up dograltmak straightforward gšnŸmel strain gypjyndyrmak, tagalla, tagma, sŸzmek, tijemek, tijenmek strain oneself maØrylmak strained Øitileºmek straining dyzamak straining spoon kengir strange birhili, ge–, del strap kemer strategem pirim stratum topar straw sypal straw colored mele straw saman kelle=stupid saman strawberries klubnika(r) streak ylgym stream akar, akym, syrykmak, ŸwdŸrmek street kše streetcar tramwaØ(r) strength gaØrat, gŸØ, kuwwatlylyk, mydar, ysgyn, zarp, berklik, hal, kuwwat, mejal, tap strengthen bekemek, gatalkmak, gŸØlenmek, gŸØjemek, mŠkŠmlemek, zarplandyrmak stress omzamak Turkmen/English Dictionary 121 stretch tijemek, tijenmek, batlandyrmak stretch out sŸØnmek, sŸØndŸrmek, uzatmak strike patlamak, pylamak, aknyºmak, urmak string ØŸp, dŸzmek strip ylgym, ykyrynmak strip off Øolmak stripe yzmyk striped zolakly strive hysyrdamak, ytalaºmak strive to overpass apyºmak stroll gezelen, gezende, gezim, gezelen etmek, seØran etmek, sŸmsŸnmek, aØlanjyramak, gezmek, (in open air) ØelejirŠp gelmek strong daØaw, gurply, gŸØli, kuwwatly, mŠkŠm, ykjam, zaply, zor, berk, gaty structure desga struggle uruºmak strum ti––irdemek, ti––irdetmek strut direg strutting gaØky stubborn ke, kejal, kejir, kesir, ketje, hšjet stubborness hšjetlik, kelik stucco plaster suwag stuck in a knot igmek student kursant, student(r) studenthood studentlyk studies okuw studio ussahana study kabinet(r), okamak stuff nalamak, gamlaºdyrmak, Øuwaºamak, dykmak, Øepbeºdirmek stuff oneself doØmak stuffiness petiºlik stuffy kapas, petiº stumble on bŸdremek stump tš––e stunted gyrymsy stupid akylsyz, gagal, samsyk, akmak, keje, tŸnt, tentek stupidity akmaklyk, akylsyzlyk, kejelik, Øe–ilkellelik stutter sakynmak stutterer sakaw style fason(r), stil(r), hil, moda(r), tip(r) subdivision podrazdelenie(r) subject tema(r), (of a sentence) Øšnekme submit goØmak subordinate tabyn subordination tabynlyk subscribe Øazylmak subscriber abunay subscription abuna, Øazylysyk subside rahatlanmak, Ÿnjalmak, saØpallamak substance madda substitute tŠzelenmek subvert maØyrmak subway metro(r), metropoliten(r) subzero minus(r) success o–, ŸstŸnlik, ºow successful rowa, sowly, ºowly, Øetiºikli, netijeli successively udantutma, yzlyyzynda, yzygideri successor mirasy such ºeØle, zeØilli, beØle, ºekilli suck sokjamak, emmek, sormak suckle naharlamak sudden duØdansyz, tarpa, tarpa-taØyn, zaply suddenly birden, tapba, zompa sue sudlaºmak suffer ydamak, horluk ekmek, horlyk ekmek, jepa ekmek, surnukmak suffering gšrgi, hupbat, pis, helŠkilik, horluk suffering from a cough ŸsgŸlewukli suffice garbamak, Øetmek sufficient bolelenlik suffix goºulma suffocate bogulmak sugar gant, ºeker sugar-beet ºeker inrigi sugary gantly, sŸØji suit kostØum(r), geliºmek suitable Øaramly, kemally suitcase emedan(r) sulfur kŸkŸrt sullen ytyk sultriness og sultry jokrama, petiº sum jem sum up jemlemek, umumylaºdyrmak summer tomus summer-house dalbar summon kšsemek, agyrmak summons powestka(r) sun gŸn sunburn gŸneºlemek Sunday Øekºenbe sunflower gŸnebakar sunflower seed igit sunny gŸneºli sunrise gŸnŸ– dogmagy sunset gŸnŸ– Øaºmagy sunshine gŸneº, parlak superficial ØŸzleØ supple maØygak supply ŸpjŸnetmek support arkalaºyk, daØan, goldaw, sšØget, tekge, arkadaØŠn, tutmak, Øagyrnilik, goldamak, gollamak supported arkaly supporter tarapdar, tarapdar, Øaran, sše suppose aklamak, enlemek, osmak, oØlamak, šØtmek supposed hyØally suprise haØran sure hatyrjem, ynamly surety zamun surface keºbi, Ÿst, ØŸz surgeon hirurg(r) surgery hirurgik(r) surname familiØa(r) surprise ge–irgendirmek surprising ge– surround egelenmek surroundings daº-tšwerek, tšwerek surveillance ideg survey syn suspect ºŸbhelenmek suspend tŠsgenmek swaddling clothes gundag swallow Øuwdunmak, Øuwutmak, garlawa swamp sŸØgeºiklik, batga swampy sŸØgeºik swan gŸw swarm sŸlenmek sway ykjamak swear (curse) sšwmek swear out kŠemek swear word sšgŸn sweat der, hyssyldamak, derlemek Swede ºwed(r) sweep sŸpŸrmek, togalanmak, sŸbcelemek, sŸpŸrmek, syrmak, tigirlenmek sweet lezzetli, nabat, sŸØji, sŸØji, ºirin, lezzetli sweet tooth sŸØjiil swell ismek, pakgarmak, pškremek, iºirmek swell up gŸbermek swelling iº swift zaply swift attack zarba swift-footed us swiftly okgunly swiftness altlyk swim dŸºŸnmek2, ØŸzmek swimmer ØŸzŸji swindler kezzap swing hi––ildik, hi––ilik, sallanak, uurmak, ykjamak, yralamak, yramak, yranmak, yra– atmak swirl burugsamak switch wyklØuatel(r), ybyk switch off šŸrmek switch over dšnmek Turkmen/English Dictionary 122 sycophancy Øaranja–lyk sycophant Øaranja– syllable bogun symbol simbol(r) symbol nysan sympathetic dšzŸmsiz, duØgudaº sympathy duØgudaºlyk synonym sinonim(r) synopsis kospekt(r) syntax sintaksis(r) synthesis sintez(r) synthetic sintaktik(r), synthetika(r) system sistema(r) systemize sistemleºdirmek T t-shirt maØka(r) table stol(r), tablisa tablet tabletka(r) tactic taktika(r) tahya tahØa tail guØruk tailor biimi, bimek, tikini take almak take a bite tamºanmak take a responsibility borlanmak take a rest dyn almak take a view of Øaltaklamak take advantage of haØyrlanmak take aim nysan almak, nyºanalamak take aim at enemek take an oath kasam imek take apart aralamak, sškmek take away Škitmek take care of sagdynlaºdyrmak, aØamak take for a walk gezdirmek take inaccount hasap etmek take it! me! take leave of hoºlaºmak take off ykyrynmak, ykarmak take offence šØkelemek take out ykarmak take pains emgemek take prisoner tussag etmek take refuge halas bolmak take revenge ar almak take shelter yklamak take up arms Øaraglanmak take with a fork ºaramak taken inaccount hasaplanmak tale beØan, beØanama talent talant(r), zehin, ukyp talented talantly(r), zehinli, škde, ukyply talisman of camel hair alaja talk gep, gŸrrŸ–, gep-gŸrrŸ–, gepleºmek, myº-myº, ºiwe, madyrdamak, Øamanlamak talk back sanaºmak talk into gšwnetmek talkative lakgy, geplemºek tall belent, uzyn, Øokary tally hasap, hasap tally up hasamak, hasaplamak tame ekdi, eldek tan eØlemek tangerine mandarin tangle Øumak tangled hair imeºmek tank bak, tank(r) tantalize gŸje–lemek tap bulak, kran(r) tape recorder magnitofon(r) taper Ÿrelmek tar garaØag, tar, ºepbik tardiness Šwmezlik target nyºana tart talh task mesele, wezipe tassel gotaz tassle penje taste tagam, dadyrmak, datmak tasty tagamly, ºirin tattered eleºan tatters ºylha tax salmak taxi taksi(r) tea aØ tea-house aØhana tea-lover aØkeº tea-pot kitir teach okatmak, šwretmek, šwretmek teacher mugallym, halypa, okudyjy teacher (female) mugallyma team komanda(r), kollektiw(r) teapot ŠØnek, ŠØnik tear Ÿtmek, Øyrtylmak tear off goparmak, sypyrmak, Ÿzmek, ŸzŸlmek, Øyrtmak tear off a piece dšmmek tear pieces tŸØt-mŸØt etmek teardrop Øaº, gšz Øaº, gšzØaº tease gŸje–lemek technical tehniki(r) technical school tehnikum(r) technician tehnik(r) technique tehnika(r) telegram telegramma(r) telegraph telegraf(r), telegrafirlemek(r) telephone ja– etmek, telefon etmek television telewizion(r) temperate maØdal temperature temperatura(r), Øylylyk, gyzgyn tempered taplanmak tempest tupan temporary wagtlaØyn temptation sap ten on ten (noun) onluk ten days ongunlyk ten years onØyllyk tender nŠzik, ynjyk tender-hearted Øuka ØŸrek tending ideg tennis tennis(r) tense dartgynly Turkmen/English Dictionary 123 tent adyr, palatka(r), atma tenth onunjy tenure stazh(r) term adalga, termin(r) term of office mšhlet terminal polØus(r) terminator istrebitel terminology terminologiØa(r) termite tagtabiti terrible elhen territory territoriØa(r) terror wehim terrorism terrorizm(r) test synag, kšsenmek, synamak tether da–y text tekst(r) thank you sag bol, spasiba(r) that kŠ, ºol, ºu that is to say... Øagny that's why babatdan, štri thatch sypal thaw eremek the back end Øe–e theater (film) kinoteatr(r) theatre teatr theft ogrulyk, ogurlyk, tala–, tala–ylyk thematic tematic(r) theme tema(r) then onda, hany, ºeØlelik bilen, ºeØlelikde, so– theorem teorema(r) theoretic teoretiki(r) theory teoriØa(r) therapeutic terapewtik(r) therapist terapewt(r) there beØlŠk, hanha, holha, honha therefore štri, Ÿnki thermometer termometr(r) thermos termos(r) thesis eser they olar thick iºik, galy–, gŸr, kŸti, syk, Øygy, goØry, goØy, Øogyn thick-headed kšrzehin thicken gal–amak, goØalamk thicket lšdere thickness galy–lyk, goØulyk, kŸtŸlik, tšp thief ogry, ogry thieve ogramak thigh but thimble oØmak, ØŸwse thin hor, hor, igli, ine, suwuk, Øuka, inesagt thin out Øekelemek thin rug palas(r) thing zat things goº, zatlar think pikir etmek, šØtmek, pikirlenmek, saØmak think hard šlºermek think out tapmak think upon ikirjinlemek thinness Øukalyk third ŸŸnji thirst teºnelik thirsty teºne thirtieth otuzynjy thirty otuz this bu, ºu this side of bŠri thistle garamandalak thorn tiken thorny tikenli thoroughfare magistral thought pikir, a–, oØ thousand mŸ– thread dŸzmek, štŸrmek, sapak thread a needle sapmak threat haØbat threaten enemek three Ÿ, ŸlŸk threshing dšwek threshold bosaga thriftless bisarpa thrive pajalamak throat bokyrdak, damak, bogaz throb syzlamak, tyrkyldamak, tyrkyldatmak, bŸkgŸldemek throb,beat sorkuldmak throng ŸØºmele– through zowwam through and through parran throughout parran, bŸtin throw atmak, keseklemek, zy– mak throw stones at daºlamak throw up gusmak throw with force taºlamak thrown taºlandy thrust Ÿmmek thump gŸrsŸldemek thunder gŸrrŸldemek, ta–– yrdamak, gŸbŸrdemek, gŸmmŸrdemek Thursday penºenbe thus ºeØlelik bilen, ºumlukda ticket bilet(r) tickle gyjyk, gyjyklamak tidy up Øygnaºdyrmak tie arabaglanºyk, aragatnaºyk, da–y, bogmak, danmak, da– mak, šrklemek, kšjemek, saramak tie an animal's four legs together) gŸØlmek tie together itmek, atmak tie up (specifically gŸØlmek tie with a belt guºamak tiger gapla– tight gysby tighten bŸzmek till sŸrmek tillage sŸrŸm, ºŸdŸgŠr time zaman, gezek, esse, halat, mahal, mšwrit, pursat, wagt, Øola, en, dšwŸr, gaØta time-sheet tabel(r) timeless šlmez-Øitmez times šwre timid tez, Ÿrkek, gorkak, Øygra timidity gorka, Øygralyk tin galaØy tingle ( jŸmºŸldemek tingling jŸmºŸldi tiny Ÿlpe, ujypsyz tiny fishbones gylyk tire ºin(r), ejizlemek, Øadamak, ysgynsyzlanmak, Øaltanmak tire out Øadatmak tired argyn, Øadaw tireless Øadawsyz tissue paper sorgu title sšzbaºy, adalga toady Øaranja– tobacco temmŠki toe barmak toes daraklyk together bile, bilelikde, birlikde, ºŠrikli toil emgenmek toilet hajathana token £eton(r) tolerance ydamlylyk tolerant ydamly tomasauce tomat(r) tomato pomidor(r) tomb gubur, gšr tome tom(r) tomorrow ertir ton tonna(r) tone Šhe–, ŸØn, jy––yrdy tongs Štiºgir, gysgy tongue-twister Øa–yltma too hem, #NAME? too much aºa tool abzal, esbap, gural tooth diº top Ÿr depesi, depe, Øokarky, Ÿst torch panys torment ekelemek, helŠklemek, azap, helŠkilik, horluk, emgek torn eleºan, Øyrtyk torso gšwre, korpus(r) torture gšrgŸlik, gŸzap, azap, ekelemek, gšrgi, helŠklemek toss oklamak, urunmak, keseklemek total jem total darkness hŸØt-gara–ky totally tutuºlaØyn totally halys, tutuºlagyna touch degmek, ellemek touch up yºyklandyrmak Turkmen/English Dictionary 124 touchy šØkelek tough gaØym toungue dil tour gastrol(r) tourist turist(r) touristic turistic tournament tunir(r) tousle saØmak tow tartmak, ekmek towel polotenste(r) tower wyºka(r) toy oØnawa, oØunjak, gurjak trace yzarlamak, yz track rels(r) track down yzarlamak tractor traktor(r) tractor driver traktory(r) trade hŸnŠr, senet, sšwda trade union profsoØuz(r) trader sšwdagar tradition dessur, dŠp, dŠpdessur, Øšrelge traffic gatnaw tragedy tragediØa(r) tragic tragiki(r) train tŸrgenleºmek, otly, emelenmek train a horse seØislemek trained tŸrgen trainer trener(r) training tŸrgenleºik trait yzyk traitor dšnŸk, haØyn, ialy tramp ykmanda tramping tapyrdy trample basgalamak, depelemek, depgilemek, paØdyrmak, tarpyldatmak trampling tarpyldy tranquility imisalalyk transfix Ÿmmek transformation ØŸzlenme transgress Štlemek transition geis transitory gšme translation perewod(r), terjime translator terjimei transplantation peresadka(r) transport ulag, Ÿwek transportation transport(r) trap gapan trash zibil, hapa travel syØahat etmek traveller syØahaty travels syØahat treachery dšnŸklik, ŠhtiØalanlyk treason haØynlyk treasure hazyna treasury hazyna treat bejermek, hšdŸr etmek, hšdŸrlemek, sagdynlaºdyrmak treatment bejergi treaty wadalaºyk tree bag tremble digden eklemek, endiremek, gagºamak, galdyramak, mŸ–kŸldemek, sandyramak, tibirdemek, titremek, titrewuk, zagyrdamak trembling sandyrawuk tremendous mŠhnet tremors galpyldy trend ugur tresspass on hyØanat etmek tresspassing hyØanatylyk tresspassor hyØanaty trial synag triangle Ÿburluk tribe asyl, taØpa, tire tribune tribuna(r) tribute salgyt trick pirim trickery ºeØtanlyk trifling ownukyl trinket ºaØylyk trip syØahat, syØahat, reØs(r) tripod kšssek tritel len bolmak trolley trolleØbus(r) trophies olja tropic Øoda tropical Øoda trot selpemek, gezer trouble azar, bozgaklyk, hyllalla, Ÿnji, hasrat trouble-maker bozgak troubled aladaly, gowgaly, lŠbik troubles hysyrdy, agyry, alada trough ahyr trouser-leg gon truancy progul truck gruzovik(r), Øuk maºina true yn, dogrudan, dogry, wepaly, idili truly dogrusy trump ºifirlemek(r) trunk gšwre, hortum, korpus(r), (of a tree) nil trust ynanmak trustee hossar, hossar trusteeship hossarlyk trusting ynanja– truth hakykat, wepa, ynsap try ytalaºmak, dyrjaºmak, janykmak, synanmak, synanmak try on de–emek try out kšsenmek tubby person gipdenek tube trubka(r), truba(r) tuck up yzgmak, ermemek Tuesday siºenbe tuft ogdan tug dartmak tulip igildem tulle tØul(r) tumor ber, iº tun elek tundra tundra(r) tune he–, he–, ŸØn tunnel tonnel(r) turban selle Turk tŸrk turkey indØuk(r) Turkish tŸrki Turkmen tŸrkmen Turkmeness tŸrkmenilik turn nobat, šwrŸm, aØlamak, hozanaklamak, sowulmak, towlamak, dolamak, tow, Øšneliº, aØlanmak, towlanmak, dšnmek, gezek, (a corner) gorsamak, (in a game) gš turn brown go–ralmak turn down a light šŸrmek turn for Øšnelmek turn for the worse erbetlemek turn gray alarmak turn inside out šwrŸlmek turn off a light sšndŸrmek turn oneself over šwrŸlmek turn out oguºØa turn over dšrŸºdirmek, dŸndermek, šwrŸlmek turn something šwŸrmek turn sour mŸzzermek, turºamak turn to ØŸz tutmak, ØŸzlenmek turn up ermemek, yzgmak turn upside-down agdar-du– der etmek, dŸnderilmek turn-coat dšnŸk turnip ºalgam turnpike ºosse(r) turret wyºka(r) turtle pyºbaga, pyºdyl tutor terbiØei tuyduk tŸØdŸk tweak irtmek, ŸmmŸklemek twentieth Øigriminji twenty Øigrimi twig pudak twigs ot- šp twin ekiz twinkle Øylpyldamak twinkling lampa twirl pyrlamak, tirlemek, tirlendirmek twist burmak, pyrlamak, tirlemek, tirlendirmek, towlanmak, bŸkdŸrmek, towlamak, Øygyrmak, yrpynmak twist oneself pyrlanmak twisted towly Turkmen/English Dictionary 125 two goºa, iki two-faced ikiØŸzli two-sided apbasy, ikiØanlaØyn two-year ikiØyllyk Tyg Øarasy biter tyg type ºrift(r), tip(r) type of illness inekesel type of melon zama type of tree sazak typesetter Øygyjy typhys garahassalyk, šrgŸnli typical tipik(r), tipleØin(r) typist maºinistka(r) tyrannical zalym tyranny zalymlyk, zulum, edenetdilik tyrant zalym U udder emjek ugliness ºumroØluk ugly bedroØ, betgelºik, betnysan, edren, ºumroØ Uighur (nationality) uØgur Ukranian ukrain(r) ulcer peºehorda unanswerable jogapsyz unavoidability alasyzlyk unbiased obØektiw(r) unbutton Øazdyrmak uncertain alasarmyk, aljyra––y, gŸmana unchanged kšnee uncle daØy, dŠde, dØadØa(r), (Balkan dialect) kaka unclear dŸºnŸksiz uncomfortable amatsyz, bijaØ, emesiz unconscionable naØynsap unconscious beØhuº, ynsapsyz unconsciousness ynsapsyzlyk unconsidered gŸmŸrtik uncoordinated dagynyk uncultured edepsiz unculturedness edepsizlik undecided ikigšwŸnli under kšw salmak under duress nala underage kii undergarments iki-geØim undergo synamak underground Øerasty underline nyglamak understand a–syrmak, dŸºŸnmek1, gšrmek, a–mak understand each other dŸºŸniºmek understandable dŸºnŸkli understudy orunbasary undertaking kŠrhana underwater suwasty undetermined ikigšwŸnli undisciplined bidŸzgŸn, tertipsiz undistinguished pes unease gozgala– uneasy biynjalyk uneconomical bisarpa uneducated alasowat, jahyl unemployed iºsiz unemployment iºsizlik uneven ters unexpected oslagsyz, tarpa unfair ynsapsyz unfairness ynsapsyzlyk unfamiliar nŠbelet unfamiliarity nŠbeletilik, nŠbeletlik unfasten Øazdyrmak unfavorable o–aØsyz unfortunate person gšrgŸli unfortunately gynansamda unfounded esassyz unhealthy nŠhoº, nŠsag uniform endigan, forma(r) uniformly distributed birsydyrgyn uninformative dereksiz unintentionally nala uninterrupted ŸznŸksiz union birleºik, soØuz unique aØra unison jebislik, baglanyºyk unit birlik unite birikmek, birleºdirmek, utgaºmak united baglanyºykly, baglaØjy, birleºen, utgaºyk united under God ta–rybir universal bŸtindŸnØa, Šhlumumy, uniwersal(r) universe Šlem-jahan university uniwersitØet(r) unjust ynsapsyz unknowable nŠbileØin unknowing bilmezlik unknown bilmezden, nŠbelli, nŠmŠlim, nŠtanyº, nŠbelet unknown property amanat unlawful kanunsyz unleash šzmek, tutaºdyrmak unleavened bread petir(r) unlimited ymgyr unlit gara–ky unload boºatmak unloved gadyrsyz unmotivated dereksiz unmoving dek unnecessary gereksiz unpleasant mŠhirsiz unpopulated ola unquestionable soragcyz, ºŸbhesiz unquestionably ºeksiz unreasonable sebŠpsiz unrest o–ºuksyzluk, Ÿnji, ynjalyksyzlyk unrestricted erkana unrestrictedly erkin unripe ig unruly tertipsiz unsatisfactory kanagatlanlarlyk sz unscrupulous naØynsap unshakable mizemez unsigned golsuz unskilled emelsiz unsociable Øekemen, garasšØmez unspoiled syrdambitin Turkmen/English Dictionary 126 unspoken gŸrrŸ–siz unsuccessful netijesiz, Øetiºiksiz unsuitable Øetmezilik unswerving gyºarnyksyz untalented zehinsiz untangle šzlemek untie šzmek until enli, de–e, tŠ until now heniz until one dies šlina until satisfied doØa untilled boz untouchable sarsmaz untrue biwepa untruthful galat unused boº unusual del, seØrek unwaivering mizemez unweildy gaba unworthy nŠlaØyk upbringing terbiØe, terbiØeleØiº upkeep saklaØyº, mazmun upon the cross atanaklaØyn upper Øokarky upper part Ÿst uprising gozgala– urge haØdatmak urgent gaØragolulmasyz, gyssagly, mšhletli, derwaØys, ynandyryjy urgently gyssag urine peºew urn around sowmak use peØda, ulanmak, Øaratmak, haØyr use up harajat etmek used up Øolgalmak useful peØdaly useless biderek, peØdasyz, Øaramaz usual adaty usually kšplen utensils gapga utilize ulanmak Uzbek šzbek V vacation kanikul(r), dyn almak vaccine waktsina(r) vagabond segezdan, ykmanda, sergezdan vague Øaºyryn vain baºagaØ, nŠhak, ºšhratparaz, howaØy valley dere, jŸlge valour edermenlik valuable gymmatly, ºaØ-sep vanish gŸrŸm-jŸrŸm bolmak, Øitirim bolmak, Øitmek vanity baºagaØlyk, ºšhratparazlyk vanity mirror tagan vanquish ØŸwŸrmek, ŸstŸn ykmak vapidity Øe–ilkellelik vapor dem variant wariant(r) variety sort(r) various gatyºyk, dŸrli-dŸrli vary alyºmak, šzgertmek vegetable gšk šnŸm vegetable(s) ir-iØmiº vein damar velour welØur(r) velvet welwet(r) veneer faner(r) vengance kast vengeance š venture kŠrhana veranda dalan, eØwan verb iºlik verbal harma-harp verdict hškŸm verse kuplet(r), ºygyr versed habarly vertical wertikal(r) very biak, i––Šn, šrŠn, šte, uursyz, artykma, Šgirt, hut, Øaman very much weºe–-weºe– very well igin vessel gap, bak veteran weteran(r) veterinary weterinariØa(r) vex helŠklemek vexed hyrsy–y diºlemek via Ÿsti bilen vibrate yrgyldamak, yrgyldatmak vibration yrgyldy vicinity daº-tšwerek vicious scheme gabahatylyk victor Øe–iji victory Øe–iº, boluº view nazar vigilant hŸºgŠr, sak, eserde– village oba vindicate šdemek vinyl record plastinka(r) virgin soil tarp virtue mertebe virus dŸmew visible gšrnŸkli vision gšrŸº, gšz visit gšrme-gšrŸº, wizit(r) vista a–-dŸºŸnje vital derwaØys vitamin witamin(r) vodka arak voice gyl, ses void howaØy volcano wulkan(r) volleyball woleØbol(r) volume gšwrŸm, mšber, tom(r) voluminous gšwrŸmli voluntary meØletin volunteer meØletini vomit šgemek, pitirdemek, gusmak vote saØlow voter saØlawy vow kasam imek, Šht, ºert vowel ekimli ses voyage reØs(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 127 W waddle moØmuldamak wage war uruºmak wagon wagon(r) wail jŠgildemek, wa–kyrmak, nŠrazyylyk wailing jŠgildi waist bil, guºaklyk wait garaºmak wait for someone garalyºmak waiter ofisian(r) wake someone turuzmak, šrŸzmek wake up oØanmak wakefulness ºšwŸr waken turuzmak walk sŸmsŸnmek, Øšremek walking seØil wall diwar, haØat, se––er wallow lŠshermek walnut grek hozy wander entemek, entreklemek, tentemek, gezmek, seØran etmek wanderer segezdan want gereklemek, islemek, islemek, hajat wanting to gšwŸnje– war uruº, harby warbler (bird) jikjiki wardrobe garderob(r), ºkaf(r) warm gyzyºmak, Øylatmak, maØyl, mylaØym, Øyly, mŠhirli warm up oØmak, Øylamak, Øylynmak, maØlamak warm weather maØyllyk warmth Øylylyk warn duØdurmak warning duØduryº, howsala, trewoga(r) warrant narØad wash Øuwmak, Øuwundyrmak wash away kšwmek wash oneself Øuwunmak wash with soap sabynlamak waste harlamak, Øitgi, yrØa, harlamak watch synlamak, sagat, sagat watch over (lit gšz-gulak bolmak watchful hŸºgŠr, idediji, sak, ideg-sorag watchman saky water aØlamak, suwarmak, suwarmak, Øaºarmak, suw, suw, kompot(r) water boiler semawar(r) water pipe wodoprowod(r) water-dispenser kolonka(r) water-pump kolonka(r) waterfall ºaglawuk watering suwarym watermelon garpyz watershed saka, taraz waterskin gowa watery suw, Øuwan wave bulaØlamak, salgamak, pasyrdamak, tolkun waver tykyramak, Øygrylmak wax mum way alyn, tertip-dŸzgŸn, usul, ak, Øol way back gaØdyºyn way-to-go berekella we biz weak asgyn, gowºak, gujursyz, ejiz weaken asgynlamak, gowºamak, haØallamak weakness asgynlyk, ysgynsyzlyk wealth baØlyk wealthy adyl weapon Øarag wear dakynmak wear out kšnelmek, lejini ykarmak, sŸzŸlmek, tozmak, tŸØdŸlmek, kšneltmek (by use) tozdurmak, tŸØtmek weariness argynlyk weather howa weave dokamak weaving dokma wedding caravan gelinalyjy wedding gifts atgulak wedding procession gelnalyjy wedge pahna, ºinde Wednesday arºenbe weed haºal week hepde week-long hepdeleØin weekly hepdelik weep aglamak, e–remek weeping agy weft (carpet-making term) arga weigh semek weight agram, agyrlyk weighten agralmak weighty uly weird syrly, ge– weld seplemek welder kebºirleØli well bakaly, guØy, hoº, hoº, ºeØlelikde, Øeri, gowy, gurgun, Øa, dŸzŸwli, ºumlukda well done tŸweleme well lit Øagty well thought out oØlanyºykly well-being abadanylyk, eºret, eØgilik, o–luk, rŠhnet well-bred edepli, terbiØeli well-deserved rowa well-dressed bezemen, geØnŸwli well-known belli well-off gurply well-to-do ŸpjŸn west gŸnbatar wet ezmek, šllemek, šl, ºalpyºara–, ygly whale kit(r) what to do? nŠtmek what else dagy what kind? nŠhili what sort? nŠtŸØsli what? nŠme wheat bugdaØ, bugdaØ wheel tigir, arh, sŸØpent, tigirlemek wheelbarrow galtak when haan, nŠwagt where nirede where? hany, nire whet taplamak which? haØsy, nene–, nene–si which number? nŠenji while onyana whim nŠz whimsical ynjyk whine i––ildemek, yzlamak, y–– yldy, izzildemek, y––yldamak whip gamylamak, saØgylamak, gamy whip up gunuºmak whirl gaØmalamak, burmak, syramak whirlpool gipdal whisper pyºyrdamak, wyºyrdamak, pyºyrdy, wyºywyºy whistle yrryldamak, jŸrletmek, sygyrmak, sygyrmak, ºuwwuldamak, ºuwwuldy, gygyrmak whistling sykyklyk white ak white-wash aklamak whiten aklamak whitest ap-ak whitewash heklemek who? kim whole bitin, bŸtin wholeness aman wholesale lomaØ sšwda, lomaØ, lomaØlygyna wholly tutuº whooping cough gštsbogma why nŠme Ÿin wick pelte wicked ºum wide gi–, Øogyn, gi–iº widow dul aØal Turkmen/English Dictionary 128 widower dul width gi–lik wife aØal, heleØ, maºgala wife and husband maºgala wife's brother baja wiggle yrpynmak wild hyrawa, Øabany wild dove gšgerin wilderness je––el wilfullness šzbaºy–a will (testament) wesØetnama will you la willingly hšwesje– willow sšwŸt, tal willy-nilly biala wilt solmak, myssarmak win utmak, ŸstŸn ykmak wind yrpynmak, ºemal, Øel wind around yrlamak wind up keleplemek winding aØlawly window aØna, Špiºge, penjire window leaf fortoka(r) windy Øelli wine siØdik, ºerap wine-glass bulgur wineskin tulum wing ganat wink gypmak winner Øe–iji winnings utuº winter gyº wintering gyºlag wintertime gyºyna wipe sŸpŸrmek wire sim wisdom parasat, paØhas wise paØhasly wish arzuw etmek, arzuwlamak, dilemek, myrat, arzuw, meØil wish for meØillenmek, kŸØsemek wit dilewar with bilen, deºirmek with an accent algyrt with caution emaØ bilen with effort zordan with pleasure hšwesje– with spirit gšwnejaØ with two meanings ikuly wither ŸrŸºmek, pyssarmak, alykmak withered agajet within ieri without basis esassyz without delay zšwwe without doubt ºeksiz without end ummasyz without hesitation irginsiz without permission bidin, ygtyØarsyz, jogapsyz withstand ydamak witness ºaØat witty dilewar wizard jadygšØ wobble goduklamak wolf bšri, mšjek, gurt wolfish bšri woman heleØ, aØal woman's jacket kofta(r) wonder a–almak wonderful ajaØyp, allanŠme, tŠsin wood odun, tokaØ wooded place tokaØlyk wooden hammer tokmak woodpecker daºdeºen woof arga wool ØŸ– word sšz wordless gŸrrŸ–siz work iºlemek, iºlemek, iº, iº work hard emgenmek work out ornaºmak work up owkalamak worker iºi, iºi workshop ussahana world dŸnØŠ, Šlem, jahan, Šlem-jahan worldly dŸnØewi worm gurt, guruk wormwood kekre worrisome gaØgyly worry darykmak, gaØgy etmek, zowzuldamak, ynjalyksyzlanmak, gaØgy, tolgunyºyk worry someone tolgundyrmak worse beter worsen beterlemek, gaØralmak, Øaramazlaºmak worship baº egmek, baº egme worthless biderek, birehim, warak worthy rowa worthy (of) mynasyp worthy of blame aØyp wound kesdirmek, Øaralamak, zarbykdyrmak, Øara wounded Øaraly, pers-ala wow bŠ wow! oh! gosh! be wrap dolamak, saramak wrap around da–mak wrap up yrmamak, olamak wrapper dolag wreak havoc mšw almak wrestle gšreºmek wrestling gšreº, sambo wretch pahyr, ºermende wrinkle epilmek wrinkle bŸrmek, ytmak, gasyn, Øygyrmak wrinkled mŸrŸk, mŸrrŸk, Øygyrt, agajet wrist goºar write Øazmak writer kyssay, Øazyjy writing Øazuw, hat written work eser wrong bimamla, nŠdogry, keje wrong side šwre Turkmen/English Dictionary 129 X X-ray(s) rentgen(r) Y yard howly, mellek, daº yarn ØŸp yawn pallamak, pal year Øyl year before last š––il year by year ØylsaØyn yellow sary, mele yellowest sap sary yellowish saryØagyz yelp u–samak yes hawa yesterday dŸØn yesterday's dŸØnki yet entegem, entek, entŠk, heniz, ºindi yield (cotton) Š yo Šhey yoghurt sŸzme you sen, (plural or formal) siz young kšrpe, Øaº young and old alike uly-kii Young Communist komsomol(r) young girl gelin young people juwan young/little donkey kŸrre younger brother jigi younger sister-in-law baldyz your way seni–e, sizinge youth juwan, juwanlyk, Øaºlyk, Øigitlik Z zeal yhlas, hšwes zealous yhlasly zero nol(r) zinc sink(r) zone zona(r) zoo haØwanat bagy zoological zoologik(r) zoology zoologiØa(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 130 Contents of the Appendix 1.0 Brief Introduction to the Turkmen Language 1.1 The Alphabets 1.2 Brief Dicussion of the Alphabets 1.3 Learning the New Alphabet 1.4 Learning the Cyrillic Alphabet 1.5 Vowel Harmony 1.6 Long and Short Vowels 1.7 Vocal Transformations 2.0 The Case System 2.1 Cases of Pronouns 3.0 Verbs 3.1a- Present Comprehensive, long form 3.1b - Present Comprehensive, short form 3.2a - Present Perfect 3.2b - Present Perfect (negative)/Habitual Present (negative) 3.3 - Future Certain 3.4 - Future Indefinite 3.5 - Conditional 3.6 - Past Definite 3.7 - Obligatory Form 3.8 - Imperative Forms 3.9 - Intentional Form 4.0 Relative Clauses 5.0 Cases and their suffixes 5.1 Possessive Suffixes 6.0 The Absolute Posessive 7.0 Nouns in Direct Relation 8.0 Coparatives & Superlatives 9.0 Some Unusual Structures in Turkmen Grammar 10.0 Go?ylmalar 10.1 Passive 10.2 Reflexive 10.3 Reciprocal 10.4 Causitive 11.0 Four Important Modal Verbs: otyr, ÿatyr, dur, ÿör 12.0 Selected Suffixes and Prefixes 12.1 -çy/-çi 12.2 -dar 12.3 -ke? 12.4 -siz/-suz/-syz 12.5 -lik/-lük/-lyk/-luk 12.6 The prefix bi12.7 -daky/-däki 13.0 Expressing Needs and Desires 14.0 Indicating Possibility: mümkin 15.0 -dygy/ digi 16.0 Double Verbs 16.1 Expressing Ability: -p/-yp/-ip bilmek 16.2 Doing an Action for Someone: -p/-yp/-ip bermek 16.3 Attempted Action: -p/-yp/-ip görmek 16.4 Anticipated Action: -jak/-jek bolmak Turkmen/English Dictionary 131 1.0: Brief Introduction to the Turkmen Language The Turkmen Language belongs to the greater family of Turkic languages. The Turkic languages, together with the Mongolian and Manchu-Tungus languages, form the Altaic language group. Specifically, Turkmen is included in the sub-group of Southern Turkic languages, along with Turkish and Azeri. Among all the Turkic languages, there are similar grammatical structures, similar phonetics and some shared vocabulary. In some ways Turkmen is an easy language to learn. or Spanish, Turkmen has no genders. Unlike Russian There are no irregular verbs. For the most parts, words are written exactly as they are pronounced. Finally, Turkmen's grammatical case system is remarkably simple once understood, and has almost no exceptions. The greatest difficulty for beginning Turkmen speakers will probably be adapting to Turkmen's elaborate system of grammatical suffixes, or "tag words" and learning to re-order their speech so that the predicate (verb) is the last thing spoken. Also, many simple English grammatical structures (such as "to have", "to need", or "to be able to") are handled differently in Turkmen. Turkmen/English Dictionary 132 1.1 The Alphabets Täze Elipbi Aa Ää Bb Çç Dd Ee Ff Gg Tkmn Cyrillic Aa ‰´ Bb Hh Dd ?/ Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Öö Pp Rr Xx Ii Ú… Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Øø Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Üü Ss Tt Uu Á¥ Ww Yy Ÿÿ Zz Ññ £¡ Vv Yy Jj Zz ?§ "' ? ?? Ww }] (ÿe) (ÿo) (ÿa) (ts) Ee |\ Qq Cc English Equivalent a, as in father a, as in cat b ch d e, as in egg f when starting a word, voiced like the English "g" in "go". Within words, voiced like the throaty "g" in "bag" h ee, as in see j k l m n o, as in go oo, as in good (approximately) p r, pronounced with a trill, as in Russian or Spanish s t u, as in flute like u, but pronounced with rounded lips and higher in the throat w (in Russian words, as v) i, as in sit y, as in yes z ng, as in song zh, as in pleasure (only found in Russian words) sh, as in wash sch, as in fresh cheese (only found in Russian words) ye, as in yes yo, as in yo-yo ya, as in yacht ts, as in hats Turkmen/English Dictionary 133 1.2 Brief Dicussion of the Alphabets The Turkmen alphabet was first written in Arabic, until about 1930, when a Latin script was introducted. The Latin script was replaced in 1940 when all Turkic people in the Soviet Union were required to adopt the Cyrillic script. Finally, in 1995, the "Täze Elipbiÿi" or New Alphabet, was formally introduced by the President to re-align Turkmenistan with the non-Soviet world. (Similar new alphabets have been introduced in Uzbekiztan and other republics.) The New Alphabet is currently used for street signs and political slogans, but there is a severe deficit of other reading materials. Almost all Turkmen books in print use the Cyrillic alphabet, and despite the national-wide trainings that have taken place, and televised instructional programs, the New Alphabet has yet to gain popular acceptance. 1.3 Learning the New Alphabet The new alphabet is much easier for native English speakers to read and understand than is the Cyrillic, and also seems better suited to the Turkmen language. discussions of this text. For this reason we have used it in the grammar Most all letters are pronounced more or less like their English counterparts. The unusual letters are as follows: New Turkmen English Equivalent Aa always the long a, as in "father" Ää always the short a, as in "cat" Çç ch, as in "cheese" Gg when starting a word, voiced like the English "g" in "go". Within words, voiced like the throaty "g" in "bag" Ii ee, as in see Oo always the long o, as in go Öö oo, as in good but rounder Rr r, pronounced with a slight trill Uu always the long u, as in flute Üü like u, but pronounced with rounded lips and higher in the throat Ww w, as in "water" (in Russian words, v, as in "very") Yy i, as in sit Ÿÿ y, as in yes Ññ ng, as in song £¡ zh, as in pleasure (only found in Russian words) ? sh, as in wash Turkmen/English Dictionary 134 1.4 Learning the Cyrillic Alphabet The Cyrillic Alphabet is a little disorienting at first, since many of the letters seem like English counterparts, but they're actually not. The Cyrillic alphabet is also not ideally suited to Turkmen, and as a solution to this, several distinctly Turkic characters are present in the Turkmen Cyrillic alphabet that not present in Russian Cyrillic. Also, several Russian Cyrillic characters are only found in words taken from Russian. Five characters look and sound approximately like their English counterparts. Cyrillic Aa Kk Mm Oo Tt These are: English long a, as in "father" k m long o, as in "go" t The following eight characters might look like English letters, but unfortunately they're different. Cyrillic Vv Ss Ee Nn Rr Xx Uu Á¥ English w, as in "water" (in Russian words, as v, as in "very") s, as in "see" at the beginning of a word, ye, as in yes (with the "y") In the middle or at the end of the word, usually as e, as in "egg" n, as in "no" r, pronounced with a trill, as in Spanish h, as in "hot", but throatier long u, as in "flute" like u, but pronounced with rounded lips and higher in the throat Turkmen/English Dictionary 135 The following 22 characters look unlike anything in seen in written English, though some bear striking resemblance to kindergarten experiments: ‰´ Bb Hh Dd ?/ short a, as in "cat" b, as in "ball" ch, as in "cheese" d, as in "dog" e, as in "egg" (almost exclusively used at the beginning of words) f, as in "fire" when starting a word, voiced like the English "g" in "go". Within words, voiced like the throaty "g" in "bag" ee, as in "see" j, as in "jump" l, as in "lye" oo, as in good, but rounder (approximately) p, as in "pi" i, as in "sit" y, as in "yes" z, as in "zoo" ng, as in "song" zh, as in "pleasure" (only found in Russian words) sh, as in "wash" shch, as in "fresh cheese" (only found in Russian words) yo, as in "yo-yo" ya, as in "yacht" ts, as in "hats" Ff Gg Ii Ú… Ll Øø Pp Yy Jj Zz ?§ "' Ww }] |\ Qq Cc 1.5 Vowel Harmony One very interesting feature of Turkmen is that all vowels can be divided into two groups, the front vowels (inçe çekimli sesler) and the back vowels (ÿogyn çekimli sesler). Front vowels are pronounced higher in the throat and are more nasal, while back vowels are pronounced lower in the throat and are more guttural. and ü. The front vowels are ä, e, i, ö, The back vowels are a, y, o, and u. The "harmony" lies in the fact that all Turkmen words of Turkic origin are pronounced either entirely with front vowels, like kädi (pumpkin) or köwü? (shoes), or with back vowels, like doganlyk (brotherhood) or mugallym (teacher). Grammatical and verb suffixes also follow vowel harmony, being divided into two groups for front-vowel words and back-vowel words. For example, the front-vowel plural suffix -ler would be added to kädi to form the word for "pumpkins," whereas the back-vowel plural suffix -lar would be added to mugallym to produce "teachers." In short, front vowels go with front vowels and back vowels with back. Subsequent Turkmen/English Dictionary 136 suffix appendices will more completely explain applications of this rule. Turkmen has many Russian words, such as telewizor (television) and radio (radio), that have simply been incorporated into the language. These are spelled exactly according to the original Russian and often have both front and back vowels within one word. Such is true for the numerous Turkmen words of Persian and Arabic origin, such as kitap (book), dükan (shop), and serdar (leader). In these cases, consistent with the general rule for vowel harmony in Turkmen, the final vowel of the word determines the vowel harmony for suffixation. Verbs in Turkmen adhere consistently to vowel harmony. All verbs belong to one of two groups determined by their infinitive forms: those ending in -mak, and those ending in -mek. The suffixes for all -mak verbs have only back vowels, whereas only front vowels will be found in the suffixes of -mek verbs. Examples of this will follow in the explanations of verb tenses. 1.6 Long and Short Vowels Another interesting feature of Turkmen is the use of long and short vowels. "bar." Short vowels are like those in English, like the a in Long vowels simply require pronouncing short vowels for the duration of two vowels. Often this difference in duration is all that distinguishes the meanings of two words, as in the pairs below: SHORT LONG at horse at name gyz get excited! (imperative) gyz girl bil know! (imperative) bil waist ot grass ot fire öç extinguish! (imperative) öç revenge gurt curd, dry cheese gurt wolf, worm dü? come down! (imperative) düÿ? dream Turkmen/English Dictionary 137 1.7 Vocal Transformations Certain consonat combinations are rendered differently in spoken Turkmen than their written forms would indicate. For example, the nd of mende (on my person) is pronounced "nn" when spoken (menne). The following chart will illustrate these combinations and examples with the spoken transformations rendered in the new alphabet. Written n l z s s ? z t t ç ç ç ç g + + + + + + + + + + + + + + d d d d t j s s ç s l d j b Spoken Written Translation_________________ nn sende ll aldym zz agyzda ss bäsde? ss üsti ?? go?jak ss ÿazsyn ss gitse çç parahatçylyk ?s açsa ?l açlyk ?d geçdik ?? içjek gw bagban 2.0 Spoken senne allym agyzza bäsde? üssi go??ak ÿassyn gisse parahaççylyk a?sa a?lyk ge?dik i??ek bagwan on your person I took in the mouth rival top, surface will add let him write if she goes peace if it opens hunger, famine we passed will drink gardener The Case System Like Russian or German, Turkic languages have a system of grammatical cases. Cases are defined by changes that occur to a word when it is placed in different grammatical context. English has cases for personal prounouns. For example: "I see him", "He sees me". "Me sees he", "Him sees I". Not: Turkmen, however, has six cases, and these cases are used for all words, not just personal prounouns. The six Turkmen cases are: the nominative, used for the subject of the sentence; the possessive, similar to English possessives; the dative, used to show directed action; the accusative, which is similar to the English "direct object"; the time/place, which shows locality; and the instrumental, which is used to show origin. While six cases might seem a bit overwhelming at first, it should be noted that the case suffixes simply replace our English prepositions such as "from," "at," "with," "in," "on," and "to". Also, the rules for their use are remarkably simple and inflexible, unlike those of the Russian cases. Turkmen/English Dictionary 138 2.1 Cases of Pronouns These follow fairly straightforwardly from the regular case endings. The only unusual exceptions being the mutation of ol to on in all cases, and the dative pronouns maña, saña, and oña. Nomnative men I sen you (singular informal) ol he, she, it biz we olar they biziñ our siz you (plural or formal) siziñ your Poss. meniñ my seniñ your onyñ his, her, its Dative maña ˜to me saña ˜to you oña ˜to him, her, it bize ˜to us size ˜to you olara ˜to them Accus. meni ˜ me seni ˜ you ony ˜ him, her, it bizi ˜ us sizi ˜ you olary ˜ them T/Place mende ˜ upon me sende ˜ upon you onda ˜ upon him, her, it bizde ˜ upon us sizde ˜ upon you olarda ˜ upon them Instrum. menden ˜ from me senden ˜ from you ondan ˜ from him, her, it bizden ˜ from us sizden ˜ from you olardan ˜ from them olaryñ their Turkmen/English Dictionary 139 3.0 Verbs Like English, Turkmen has a great variety of verb tenses. Verbs in Turkmen are conjugated in plural and singular for first, second, and third persons. As in Romance languages and Russian, the subject of a sentence is often not spoken if it is obvious. Following is a selection of verb tenses and forms. All verbs are conjugated on the model of ÿazmak, to write. 3.1a- Present Comprehensive, long form Translates to the English Present Simple or Present Progressive Verb Men Sen Ol Biz Siz Olar Form ÿazÿaryn ÿazÿarysyñ ÿazÿar ÿazÿarys ÿazÿarsyñyz ÿazÿarlar Translation Form w/ I write/I am writing. stem You write/You are writing. stem He writes/He is writing. stem We write/We are writing stem You write/You are writing. stem They write/They are writing. stem MAK verbs +(ÿar)yn +(ÿar)syñ +(ÿar) +(ÿar)ys +(ÿar)syñyz +(ÿar)lar MEK verbs +(ÿär)in +(ÿär)siñ +(ÿär) +(ÿär)is +(ÿär)siñiz +(ÿär)ler To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the stem: Men ÿazmaÿaryn = I am not writing. I don't write. Men iÿmeÿärin = I am not eating. I don't eat. 3.1b - Present Comprehensive, short form Translates to the English Present Simple or Present Progressive Verb Men Sen Ol Biz Siz Olar Form ÿazÿan ÿazÿañ ÿazÿar ÿazÿas ÿazÿañyz ÿazÿarlar Translation Form w/ I write/I am writing. stem You write/You are writing. stem He writes/He is writing. stem We write/We are writing. stem You write/You are writing. stem They write/They are writing. stem To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the stem: Men ÿazmaÿan = I am not writing. I don't write. Men içmeÿän = I am not drinking. I don't drink. MAK verbs +ÿan +ÿañ +ÿar +ÿas +ÿañyz +ÿarlar MEK verbs +ÿän +ÿäñ +ÿär +ÿäs +ÿäñiz +ÿärler Turkmen/English Dictionary 140 3.2a - Present Perfect Translates to the English Present Perfect. Verb Men Sen Ol Biz Siz Olar Form ÿazypdyrym ÿazypsyñ ÿazypdyr ÿazypdyrys ÿazypsyñyz ÿazypdyrlar Translation I have written. You have written. He/she has written. We have written. You have written. They have written. Form w/ MAK verbs stem +(yp)dyrym stem +(yp)syñ stem +(yp)dyr stem +(ypdyrys stem +(yp)syñyz stem +(yp)dyrlar MEK verbs (ip)dirim (ip)siñ (ip)dir (ip)diris (ip)siñiz (ip)dirler To form the negative, insert -man or -män in place of the -yp or -ip after the stem in the above endings: Ol ÿazmandyr = He/she has not written. Olar gelmänderler = They have not come. 3.2b - Present Perfect (neg.)/Habitual Present (neg.) Translates to the negative English Present Perfect (or to a negative form of a "Habitual Present Tense")*, as such: Verb Men Sen Ol Biz Siz Olar Form ÿazamok ÿazañok ÿazanok ÿazamzok ÿazañzok ÿazanoklar Translation I have not written. You haven't written. He hasn't written. We haven't written. You haven't written. They haven't written. Form w/ MAK verbs stem +(a)mok stem +(a)ñok stem +(a)nok stem +(a)mzok stem +(a)ñzok stem +(a)noklar MEK verbs +(e)mok +(e)ñok +(e)nok +(e)mzok +(e)ñzok +(e)noklar *These forms can also indicate that a certain activity is generally not performed by the speaker: Men ÿazamok = I don't write. (as a habit) Men çilim çekemok = I don't smoke. (as a habit) 3.3 - Future Certain Translates to the English Future Simple with the tone of certainty. Verb Men Sen Ol Biz Siz Olar Form ÿazjak ÿazjak ÿazjak ÿazjak ÿazjak ÿazjak Translation I will write. You will write. He will write. We will write. You will write. They will write. To form the negative, add -däl after the verb: Men ÿazjak däl = I will not write. Men gitjek däl = I will not go. Form w/ MAK verbs stem +jak stem +jak stem +jak stem +jak stem +jak stem +jak MEK verbs +jek +jek +jek +jek +jek +jek Turkmen/English Dictionary 141 3.4 - Future Indefinite Translates to English Future Simple with a tone of probability. Verb Men Sen Ol Biz Siz Olar Form ÿazaryn ÿazarsyñ ÿazar ÿazarys ÿazarsyñyz ÿazarlar Translation Form w/ MAK verbs I (probably) will write. stem +(ar)yn You (probably) will write. stem +(ar)syñ He (probably) will write. stem +(ar) We (probably) will write. stem +(ar)ys You (probably) will write. stem +(ar)syñyz They (probably) will write. stem +(er)ler MEK verbs +(er)in +(er)siñ +(er) +(er)is +(er)siñiz +(ar)lar To negate, add -m after the stem, except in the third person, where -maz is used. Men ÿazmaryn = I (probably) won't write. Ol ÿazmaz = He (probably) won't write. Men gitmerin = I (probably) won't go. Olar gitmezler = They (probably) won't go. 3.5 - Conditional Expresses hypothetical situations, used like the English "if". followed by a statement in the Future Indefinite tense. Verb Men Sen Ol Biz Siz Olar Form ÿazsam ÿazsañ ÿazsa ÿazsak ÿazsañyz ÿazsalar Translation If I write... If you write... If he writes... If we write... If you write... If they write... Form w/ MAK verbs stem +(sa)m stem +(sa)ñ stem +(sa) stem +(sa)k stem +(sa)ñyz stem +(sa)lar Usually MEK verbs +(se)m +(se)ñ +(se) +(se)k +(se)ñiz +(se)ler To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the verb stem. Men ÿazmasam = If I do not write... Men gitmesem = If I do not go. 3.6 - Past Definite Translates to the English Past Simple. Verb Men Sen Ol Biz Siz Olar Form ÿazdym ÿazdyñ ÿazdy ÿazdyk ÿazdyñz ÿazdylar Translation I wrote. You wrote. He wrote. We wrote. You wrote. They wrote. Form w/ MAK verbs stem +(dy)m stem +(dy)ñ stem +(dy) stem +(dy)k stem +(dy)ñyz stem +(dy)lar To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the stem. Men ÿazmadym = I didn't write. Men gitmedim = I didn't go. MEK verbs +(di)m +(di)ñ +(di) +(di)k +(di)ñiz +(di)ler Turkmen/English Dictionary 142 3.7 - Obligatory Form Translates to English "must," "should," or "ought to" with a verb. Verb Men Sen Ol Biz Siz Olar Form ÿazmaly ÿazmaly ÿazmaly ÿazmaly ÿazmaly ÿazmaly Translation I must write. You must write. He must write. We must write. You must write. They must write. Form w/ MAK verbs stem +maly stem +maly stem +maly stem +maly stem +maly stem +maly MEK verbs +meli +meli +meli +meli +meli +meli To form the negative, add -däl after the verb. Men ÿazmaly däl = I must (should) not write. Men gitmeli däl = I must (should) not go. 3.8 - Imperative Forms In the singular and plural "you" forms, the verbs are simply rendered as commands, with the varying levels of politeness as noted below. Note that the personal pronouns are parenthetical, indicating that they are not spoken as part of the command form, but indicate to whom the command is being delivered. Verb Form (Sen) ÿaz! (Sen) ÿazyñ! (Sen) ÿazsana! Translation Write! Write! Write, please! (polite) (Siz) ÿazyñ (Siz) ÿazsañizlañ Write! Write, please! (polite) Form w/ stem stem stem stem stem MAK verbs MEKverbs +yñ +sana +iñ +sene +yñ +sañizlañ +iñ +señizläñ The first person singular and plural forms translate not as commands, but more as expressions of "I'm going to," "may I," "let me," or "let us." The personal pronouns are necessary here. Verb Form Men ÿazaÿyn. Men geçeÿin. Biz Biz ÿazalyñ gideliñ Translation May I write. Let me pass. Let's write!. Let's go! Form w/ MAK verbs stem +aÿyn MEK verbs +eÿin stem +eliñ* +alyñ* *In colloquial speech, the endings are sometimes shortened to -aly and -ely. To form the plural negative, add -ma or -me after the stem: Hat ÿazmalyñ = Let's not write a letter. Bazara gitmeliñ = Let's not go to the bazaar. Turkmen/English Dictionary 143 The third person forms are also not commands as much as they are urges or wishes, translated roughly as "let..." or "would that..." Verb Form Ol ÿazsyn Ol geçsin Translation Let him write. Let him pass. Form w/ MAK verbs stem +syn MEK verbs +sin Olar ÿazsynlar Olar geçsinler Let them write! Let them pass! stem +sinler +synlar To form the negatives for all the above forms, add -ma or -me after the stems, according to vowel harmony: Ol ÿazmasyn = May he not write. Olar gitmesinler = May they not go. 3.9 - Intentional Form Translates to the English "intend to." Verb Men Sen Ol Biz Siz Olar Form ÿazmakçy ÿazmakçy ÿazmakçy ÿazmakçy ÿazmakçy ÿazmakçy Translation I intend to write. You intend to write. He/she intends to write. We intend to write. You intend to write. They intend to write. To form the negative, add after the verb. Men ÿazmakçy däl = I do not intend to write. Men gitmekçi däl = I do not intend to go. Form w/ MAK verbs stem +makçy stem +makçy stem +makçy stem +makçy stem +makçy stem +makçy MEK verbs mekçi mekçi mekçi mekçi mekçi mekçi Turkmen/English Dictionary 144 4.0 Relative Clauses Relative clauses are formed in Turkmen simply by using verb suffixes based on the tense and vowel harmony of the verb. Who and which, used in English to form relative clauses, are not used as such in Turkmen. Relative clauses in the present tense are formed by adding the suffixes ÿan and -ÿän to the stems of MAK and MEK verbs, respectively: gelÿän adamlar = people who are coming ÿazÿan dostum = my friend who is writing Sentence structure is as follows: A?gabatdan gelÿän adamlar ÿolda durdular. from-Ashgabat-coming-people-road-at-stopped The people who are coming from Ashgabat stopped on the road. Kitap ÿazÿan dostum Çärjewde ÿa?aÿar. book-writing-my friend-Charjew-in-lives My friend who is writing a book is from Charjew. Relative clauses in the past are formed by adding -an and -en to the stems of MAK and MEK verbs, respectively: gelen adamlar = those who came ÿazan dostum = my friend who has written Sentence structure is as follows: Tejenden gelen adamlar köp iÿdiler. Tejen-from-came-people-much-they ate The people who came from Tejen ate a lot. Bu kitaby okanlar ony gowy diÿip tapdylar. This-book-read (plural)-it-good-that-they found Those who read this book found it (to be) good. In the future tense, the definite future forms of the verb (-jak and jek) form the relative clauses. There are no unique suffixes: Biziñ klasymyzy okatjak mugallym Eÿrandan geldi. to-our-class-will teach-teacher-from Iran-came The teacher who will teach our class came from Iran. Gökdepä gitjek okuwçylar duralgasynda gara?yp durlar. to Geok Depe-will go-students-stop-at-are waiting The students who will go to Geok Depe are waiting at the stop. Turkmen/English Dictionary 145 5.0 Cases and their suffixes Vowel Endings Consonant Endings --- (no change) pagta - cotton Gök Depe - Goek Depe (a town) nyñ, niñ (nuñ, nüñ) pagtanyñ - ˜ cotton's Gök Depeniñ- ˜ Goek Depe's -a,-ä or -na, -ne pagta - ˜ to cotton Gök Depä- ˜ to Goek Depe --- (no change) gazan - pot kä?ir - carrot(s) Accusative ny, ni pagtany - ˜ the cotton (direct ob.) Gök Depeni- ˜ Goek Depe (d.o.) y, i gazany- ˜ the pot (d.o.) kä?iri- ˜ the carrot(s) (d.o.) Time/Place da, de or nda, nde pagtada- ˜ in cotton Gök Depede- ˜ in Goek Depe dan, den or ndan, nden pagtadan - ˜ from cotton Gök Depeden- ˜ from Goek Depe da, de gazanda- ˜ in the pot kä?irde- ˜ in carrots Nomnative Possessive Dative Instrumental yñ, iñ (uñ, üñ) gazanyñ- ˜ pot's kä?iriñ- ˜ carrots's -a, -e gazana- ˜ to the pot kä?ire- ˜ to the carrots dan, den gazandan- ˜ from the pot kä?irden- ˜ from carrots The Nominative Case answers Kim? Who?, Näme? What? , Nire? Where? It is used for the subject of the sentence and sometimes for non-specific direct objects. Gök Depe gowy. = Goek Depe is nice. The Possessive Case answers Kimiñ? Whose?, Nämäniñ? Of what? , Niräniñ? Of where? Itis usually used to show simple possessive relationships. Gök Depeniñ häkimligi = Goek Depe's mayor's office. However, it is sometimes used in ways unfamiliar to English speakers, most notably in prepositional contexts: Gök Depeniñ ÿanynda = by Goek Depe, near Goek Depe. The Dative Case answers Kime? To whom?, Nämä? Towards what? To what end? , Nirä? To where? It describes a motion directed toward something. Bu awtobus Gök Depä gitÿär = This bus is going to Goek Depe. It also describes abstract direction. Maña çaÿ gerek = Tea is necessary to me. (I need tea.) Please note how the final vowels change in the following examples: (Türkmenba?y) Bu awtobus Türkmenba?a gidÿär. (Mary) Bu awtobus Mara gidÿär. (Çüli) Bu awtobus Çülä gidÿär. The Accusative Case answers Kimi? Who?, Nämäni? What? , Niräni? Where? It is used for direct objects – things that are acted upon by the verb of the sentence. Men kä?iri kesÿärin. = I'm cutting the carrots. It carries the specificity of an English "the" and is only used when the object is definite. The Time/Place Case answers Kimde? Upon whom?, Nämede? At what? , Nirede? Where? At what place? It translate to English in various ways depending on the context. Gök Depede ÿa?aÿaryn = I live in Goek Depe. Mende çaÿ ÿok = I don't have any tea. (on me) The Instrumental Case answers Kimden? From who?, Nämeden? From what? , Nireden? From where? Like the English "from" it can be used to describe both physical Turkmen/English Dictionary 146 origin, and more abstract concepts of origin. Bu köÿnek Gök Depeden/pagtadan. = This dress is from Goek Depe/ made from cotton. Turkmen/English Dictionary 147 5.1 Possessive Suffixes Unlike English, the Turkmen language also adds a suffix to the object of possession. This may at times be redundant (Meniñ kakam geldi. = My father-(my) came.) but often the possessive participle is omitted (Kakam geldi. = Father-(my) came.) so the suffix alone shows possession. Vowel ending My -m kakam, my father ejem, my mother Consonant Ending My -ym, -im (-um, üm) balykym, my fish itim, my dog Vowel ending Our -myz, -miz kakamyz, our father ejemiz, our mother Consonant Ending Our -ymyz, -imiz (-umyz, ümiz) balykymyz, our fish itimiz, our dog Your (sing, informal) -ñ kakañ, your father ejeñ, your mother Your (sing, informal) -yñ, -iñ (-uñ, üñ) balykyñ, your fish itiñ, your dog Your (plural, formal) -ñyz, ñiz kakañyz, your father ejeñiz, your mother Your (plural, formal) -yñyz, -iñiz (-uñyz, üñiz) balykyñyz, your fish itiñiz, your dog His, her, its -sy, -si kakasy, her father ejesi, her mother His, her, its -y, -i balyky, his fish iti, his dog Their -sy, -si kakasy, their father ejesi, their mother Their y, -i balyky, their fish iti, their dog Turkmen/English Dictionary 148 6.0 Th e A bso lut e Pos ess ive meniñki seniñki onuñky mine yours his/hers/its biziñki siziñki olaryñky ours yours theirs kimiñki whose? Jereniñki Jeren's Bu meniñ kitabym=this is my book Bu kitab meniñki=this book is mine 7.0 No uns in Di r ect Rel ati on Turkmen contains certain pairs of nouns that are in "direct relation," or which together illustrate a concept, exist without use of the posessive suffixes. For example, the general concept of "bus stop" is rendered as awtobus duralgasy, whereas the posessive awtobusyñ duralgasy would indicate "one bus's stop." In these direct relation pairs, the first noun, in its nominative form, acts more as an adjective than a noun, specifying the genreal meaning of the two-word concept. Other examples are as such : ma?yn ÿagy=motor oil miwe sogy=fruit juice ÿylan deresi=snakeskin (ma?ynyñ ÿagy=one car's oil) (miweniñ sogy=one fruit's juice) (ÿylanyñ deresi=that snake's skin) mekdep howlysy=schoolyard (mekdebiñ howlysy=a school's yard) Note that the second noun is in its "posessed" form with the appropriate -i, -y, -si, or -sy ending. 8.0 Coparatives & Superlatives To form the comparative, the -dan/den suffix (than) is added to the noun being compared, and the suffix -rak or -räk is then added to the adjective. As in the following examples, the -rak/räk ending is not mandatory: Bu üzümler ?ol üzümlerden süÿji Bu üzümler ?ol üzümlerden süÿjiräk = These grapes are sweeter than those grapes The -rak/räk ending can be used to indicate a comparitive idea without the actual comparative structure: Olaryñ köÿnekleri kelteräk = Their dresses are (generally) shorter. To form the superlative, the words iñ or has (most) are added before the adjective: Maral meniñ iñ gowy okuwçym = Maral is my best pupil. Bu ma?ynlardan seniñki has owadan = Of all these cars yours is the most beautiful. Sekizinji klaslaryñ iñ ökde okuwçylaryny saÿla = Choose the most talented pupils of the eighth grade. Turkmen/English Dictionary 149 9.0 Some Unusual Structures in Turkmen Grammar A. Comparisons "As... as" Your hat is as expensive as hers. = Seniñ ?lÿapañ hem onuñky ÿaly gymmat. Your hat and hers as expensive. Your dog is as big as his. = Seniñ itiñ hem onuñky ÿaly uly. Your dog and his as big. Their students are as good as ours. = Onuñ owkuwçylar hem biziñki ÿaly gowy. Their students and ours as good. B. I (verb) (noun) to (verb) I want him to come. = Onuñ gelmegini isleÿärin. His to come I want. She wants you to listen. = Ol seniñ e?itmegiñi isleÿär. She your to listen wants. I was asking her to do so. = Onuñ ?eÿle etmegini haÿy? edÿärdim. Her so to do I was asking. I want him to come. = Onuñ gelmegini isleÿärin. His coming I want. Turkmen/English Dictionary 150 10.0 G o?y lma lar Letters, go?ylmalar, are added to verbs to change their function. 10.1 : P ass ive Adding these go?ylmalar changes the verb to passive voice whe re the doer of the sentence is unspoken. -yl/ -il ; - ul/ -ül ; -l Meniñ ejem uly halyny dokady.= My mother made/wove a big carpet. ?u haly ÿüñden dokyldy. = This carpet was made/woven from wool. ?u ÿyl iki ÿazyjy täze hekaÿalary döretdiler. This year two writers created new stories. ¥añy-ÿakynda ?äherimiz hakynda täze go?gy döretildi. = A new poem was written about our city. 10.2 : R efl exi ve Adding these go?ylmalar make the verb reflexive where the action of the sentence has its effect on the person or thing that does the action. -yn / -i n; -un / -ü n ; -n Günde meniñ joralarymy görÿärin. = I see my girlfriends everyday. Ol i?e gidip görenip gaÿtdy.= He went to work, showed himself and left. Kakam paltany ma?yna söÿedi.= My father leaned the axe against the car. Men ardamyny diwara söÿendym. = I leaned my back against the wall. 10.3 : R eci pro cal Adding these go?ylmalar make the verb exchanged between two people or groups, or given and recieved in return. -y?/ -i? ; - u?/ ü?; -? Maral jigisini gyjaklady.= Maral hugged her little brother/sister. Dostlar gyjakla?dylar we og?a?dylar.= The friends hugged and kissed each other. Sen Selbini gördüñmi?= Did you see Selbi? Biz göre?ip salamla?dyk.= We saw and greeted each other. Turkmen/English Dictionary 151 10.4 : C aus iti ve Adding these go?ylmalar makes the subject of the verb also the cause of an action or state. -dyr / -d ir; -d ur/ - dür; -yr / -i r; -ur / -ür; -u z, - üz; -a r / -er ; der/ -da r; -t Men ?u kitap bilen gyzyklanamok. = I am not interested in this book. Meniñ mugallymym maña Türkmen go?gularany öwrenmäge gyzyklandyrdy. My teacher got me interested in Turkmen poetry. Mergen öÿe gelip derrew yatdy.= Mergen came home and went to sleep right away. Gül?at çagalaryny giç ÿatardy.= Gulshat put her children to bed late. Men Ainabady görenimde güldim.= When I saw Ainabat, I laughed. Ol gülkunçli dege?me aÿdanynda dostlaryny gülderdi. He made his friends laugh when he told a funny joke. Men ÿerde çökip gülleri ni çöpledim. = I knelt on the ground and picked flowers. Çopan düÿäni çökerdi.= The shepherd made the camel kneel down. Tomsuna hemme adama ir turÿar.= Everyone gets up/wakes up early in the summer. Sagat onda maña turuzsana! = Wake me up at 10 o'clock! Ol He Ol He i?ini etdi.= did the work. meni holynda i?letdi.= made me work in the yard. Only görmek=to see uses go?ylma -kez in its causitive form: Olar bizi köçede gördiler. = They saw us on the street. Men suratlarymy jorama görkezÿärin. = I am showing my friend my pictures. Turkmen/English Dictionary 152 11.0 F our Im por t ant Mod al Ver bs : otyr , ÿ aty r, dur , ÿör Four verbs in Turkmen, oturmak, ÿatmak, durmak, and ÿörmek , have special 3rd person singular forms, otyr, ÿatyr, dur, and ÿör, respectively, that can be used alone or with compound verb structures to indicate a continuous action or the physical position of something. Personal endings are added to these 3rd person forms as such: men sen ol biz siz olar otyryn otyrsyñ otyr otyrys otyrsyñyz oyrlar men sen ol biz siz olar ÿatyrn ÿatyrsyñ ÿatyr ÿatyrys ÿatyrsyñyz ÿatyrlar men sen ol biz siz olar durun dursuñ dur durus dursuñyz durlar *The 3rd person singular, ÿör, is used alone only in certain regional dialects. Examples of the use of the three above forms are as follows: Myrat ?u wagt ÿatyr=Myrat is sleeping now. Meniñ dostum mugallymlar jaÿynda otyr =My friend is sitting in the teachers' room. Ma?ynym mekdebiñiziñ öñünd e dur=My car is in front of your school. In compound structures, these verbs' meanings are retained only in that they indicate the position of the doer of the action: Ol okap ÿatyr=He is reading. (while lying down) Men çaÿ içip otyryn=I'm drinking tea. (while seated) Ol taÿda toÿ gidip dur=There's a party going on over there. (in one place) Sag-aman i?läp ÿörsiñizmi? =Are you (safely) working? (continuously) Physical objects capable of continuous action but not movement such as cars, refrigera tors, electricity, and televisions, use dur in compound structures: Swet ÿanyp dur=The lights are on. Holodilnik i?läp dur=The refrigerator is running. Duhowka ÿanyp dur=The oven is hot (on). Turkmen/English Dictionary 153 12.0 12.1 : S ele cte d S u ffix es and Pr efi x es -çy / -ç i The suffix -çy or -çi, according to vowel harmony, functions like ist or -er in English to denote occupation, profession, or position. i? okuw work school i?çi okuwçy worker pupil In certain cases where the verbs are made into nouns, the suffix becomes -jy or -ji: diñlemek to listen okamak to read ÿasamak to craft 12.2 : diñleÿji listener okaÿjy reader ÿasaÿjy master -da r The suffix, -dar can make personal nouns out of other nouns. unaffected by vowel harmony. bergi tarap 12.3 : debt side bergidar tarapdar It is debtor supporter -ke ? The suffix -ke? personalizes certain nouns indicative of a particular cistom or habit. gybat gossip nas chewing tobacco (habitual) çilim cigarette 12.4 : gybatke? gossipper naske? tobacco chewer çilimke? smoker -si z/ - suz / -syz The suffixes -siz, -suz, or -syz, according to vowel harmony, mean without or un-. tertip order howp danger jan spirit tertipsiz disorderly howpsuz secure jansyz inanimate Turkmen/English Dictionary 154 12.5 : -li k/ - lük / -lyk / -l uk These suffixes function to create abstract nouns, like -hood, ness, or -ity in English. They adhere to vowel harmony. gözel beautiful köp much, many çaga child dost friend gözellik beauty köplük collective çagalyk childhood dostluk friendship These suffixes can also make nouns and adjectives from numerical expressions. bä? five bir ÿyl one year on üç thirteen bä?lik five-Manat note bir ÿyllyk a year's worth on üçlük bus #13 These suffixes make nouns and adjectives which show purpose. gün day ÿetmek to suffice el hand 12.6 : gündelik diary ÿeterlik enough ellik glove The pr efi x bi - The prefix bi- expresses the idea of without-. nor is subject to, vowel harmony. tarap side günä sin It does not affect, bitarap neutral bigünä innocent The above forms can then combine with the -lik/-lük/-lyk/-luk forms to form nouns. bitaraplyk neutrality bigünälik innocence 12.7 : -da ky/ -dä k i These suffixes adhere to the rules of vowel harmony and act as adjective clauses do in English, as in the following examples: Men ?ol kinodaky gyzy halamok. I don't like the girl in that film. Tejendäki mugallymlar biziñ ÿygnagymyza gelÿärler. The teachers from Tejen are coming to our meeting. A?gabatdaky çörek biziñkiden gowy. The bread in Ashgabat is better than ours. Öÿüñizdäkilere köp salam aÿt! Say "hi" to those at your house. 10njy "A" klasdaky okuwçylaryñ tertibi gowy däl. The pupils of the 10th "A" class are not well behaved. Eliñdäkini aÿyr! Get rid of what's in your hand! Turkmen/English Dictionary 155 Parkyñ içindäki gazly suw ?äherimiziñ iñ gowysy. The juice in the park is the best in our city. Mekdebiñ ÿanyndaky howlyda toÿ bar. There's a party in the yard next to the school. Men ?u köÿnekdäki ÿakany gowy görÿärin. I like the yoke (collar) of this dress. Öten ÿyldaky hasyl bu ÿylydakydan köpdi. Last year's harvest was more than this year's. 13.0 E xpr ess ing Need s a nd Des ire s Although in Turkmen there is a way to express a wish to do something that parallels the English use of infinitives, such as Men çaÿ içmek isleÿärin (I want to drink tea), a far more common way to express desires involves a construction unlike any in English, utilizing the verb gelmek as a helping verb: Meniñ çaÿ içesim gelÿär (My-tea-drinking-comes).This would roughly translate as "I want to drink tea." or "I feel like drinking tea." The main verb içmek has the personal ending -esim added to the stem, with gelmek in the 3rd person singular, gelÿär. Note the use of posessive pronouns rather than personal pronouns in the following charts: -mak verbs meniñ seniñ onuñ biziñ siziñ olaryñ ÿat-asym ÿat-asyñ ÿat-asy ÿat-asymyz ÿat-asyñyz ÿat-asy gelÿär gelÿär gelÿär gelÿär gelÿär gelÿär I'd like to sleep You'd like to sleep He'd like to sleep We'd like to sleep You'd like to sleep They'd like to sleep gelÿär gelÿär gelÿär gelÿär gelÿär gelÿär I'd like to drink You'd like to drink He'd like to drink We'd like to drink You'd like to drink They'd like to drink -mek verbs meniñ seniñ onuñ biziñ siziñ olaryñ iç-esim iç-esiñ iç-esi iç-esimiz iç-esiñiz iç-esi The negative is formed by changing the gelÿär to gelmeÿär or gelenok: Meniñ hiç zady iÿesim gelenok. I don't feel like eating anything. The past tense is also possible, as such: Meniñ bir zady bilesim geldi. I wanted to know something. Turkmen/English Dictionary 156 14.0 I ndi cat ing Poss ibi lit y: müm k in The word mümkin is used to indicate possibility or to ask permission for an action, using infinitive verbs, such as: Çilim çekmek mümkinmi? Is it possible to smoke? (May I smoke?) Girmek mümkinmi? May I come in? Jañ etmek mümkinmi? May I make a call? Grammatically, it can be used to signify "may" or "might," as in: Men ertir siziñ mekdebiñize geläÿmegim mümkin. I might come to your school tomorrow. Men hat ÿazaÿmagym mümkin. I might write a leter. -mak verbs men sen ol biz siz olar ÿaz-aÿmagym ÿaz-aÿmagyñ ÿaz-aÿmagy ÿaz-aÿmagymyz ÿaz-aÿmagyñyz ÿaz-aÿmagy mümkin mümkin mümkin mümkin mümkin mümkin I might write you might write he/she might write we might write you might write they might write mümkin mümkin mümkin mümkin mümkin mümkin I might come you might come he/she might come we might come you might come they might come -mek verbs men sen ol biz siz olar gel-äÿmegim gel-äÿmegiñ gel-äÿmegi gel-äÿmegimiz gel-äÿmegiñiz gel-äÿmegi The negative is formed as such: Men ertir mekdebiñize gelmezligim mümkin. I might not come to your school tomorrow. Men hat ÿazmazlygym mümkin. I might not write a letter. -mak verbs men sen ol biz siz olar ÿaz-mazlygym ÿaz-mazlygyñ ÿaz-mazlygy ÿaz-mazlygymyz ÿaz-mazlygyñyz ÿaz-mazlygy mümkin mümkin mümkin mümkin mümkin mümkin I might write you might write he/she might write we might write you might write they might write mümkin mümkin mümkin mümkin mümkin mümkin I might come you might come he/she might come we might come you might come they might come -mek verbs men sen ol biz siz olar gel-mezligim gel-mezligiñ gel-mezligi gel-mezligimiz gel-mezligiñiz gel-mezligi Turkmen/English Dictionary 157 Turkmen/English Dictionary 158 15.0 - dyg y/ dig i Men oña alty-da geljekdigimi aÿtdym. I told him I would come at 6:00. Siz maña näme isleÿändigiñizi aÿdyñ. Tell me what you want. Ol maña köp zat öwrenÿändigin i aÿtdy. He told me he's learning a lot. Ol maña seniñ gelendigiñi aÿtdy. She told me that you came (had come). Köwü?iñ bahasynyñ näçcdigini aÿdyp biljekmi? Can you tell me how much your shoes cost? Mugallymyñ nirededigini bilÿärsiñmi? Do you know where the teacher is? Men ol gyzyñ menden ulydygyny bilÿärin. I know that girl is taller than I. Men seniñ kitabyñ meniñkiden gowydygyny bilÿärin. I know your book is better than mine. Biz ?u kitabyñ sözlükdigini bilÿäris. We know this book is a dictionary. 16.0 D oub le Ver b s Whereas in English we conjugate all verbs and place "and" between them when two actions are done at once or at relatively the same time, Turkmen employs a structure that puts the two verbs together. The first verb is reduced to its stem and the participial ending -yp or -ip, according to vowel harmony, is added. The ending of the second verb determines the doer of the action indicated, as below. Men düÿn nahar iÿip ÿatdym. Yesterday I ate and went to sleep. Men radio diñläp hat ÿazÿaryn. I'm listening to the radio and writing a letter. This form may be used to express an action which has been or will be completed before the expressed action of the second verb: Biz iÿip gelÿäris. We ate before coming. (lit. We–eat-come) Nahar iÿip okuwa gidiñ! Eat before going to school. Swedi öçürip gaÿt. Go turn off the light. (lit. Food -eat-to-school-go) (lit. Light -turn off-come back) Turkmen/English Dictionary 159 The participlial -ip and -yp endings have negative counterparts, -män and -man, also added to the stem of the first verb Çagalar iÿmän okuwa gitdiler. The children went without eating. Okuwçylar okaman sapaga gelÿärler. The pupils come to the lesson without studying. 16.1 Ex pre ssi ng A bili ty: -p /- y p/ - i p bi lme k A modal structure involving bilmek is used to convey the idea of being able to do something. Men Türkmençe okap bilÿärin = I can read Turkmen Ol Rusça ÿazyp bilenok = He can't write Russian Biz bazara gidip biljek dä l = We won't be able to go to the bazaar 16.2 Do ing an Ac t ion for So meo ne: -p/- yp/ -ip be rme k A modal structure involving bermek is used to express the doing of an action for someone: Men size jaÿy salyp berdim = I built a house for you ?ol gapyny ÿapyp bermesene = Don't close that door ?ol käsäni saña alyp bererin = I'll give you that teacup According to vowel harmony the main verb's stem is followed by the participial ending -yp or -ip, and bermek appears according to the doer of the action and the tense. 16.3 At tem pte d A c tion : - p/- yp/ -ip görm ek A modal structure involving görmek is used to express the idea of trying to do something, or the idea of doing -and-seeing: Bu nahary datyp gör = Try this food Men pikir edip göreÿin = Let me think about it (and see) ?ol köÿnegi geÿip gördi = She tried on that dress 16.4 An tic ipa ted Acti on: -j ak/ -je k bol mak A modal structure involving the future tense and bolmak is used to indicate the idea of being about to do something: Sen ÿatjak bolÿañmy? = Are you about to sleep? Olar saña jañ etjek bolÿarlar = They're about to call you Turkmen/English Dictionary 160 Gara?yñ, men iÿjek bolÿaryn eat = Wait, I'm going to (about to) Turkmen/English Dictionary 161 References The following works were used in preparing this dictionary: A. Almammedov, R. Nazarov. English-Turkmen Dictionary. - Magaryph Publishers. Ashgabad. 1989. 10,000 words from English to Turkmen. P. Azimova. Turkmenche-Ruscha Okuw Sozlugi. - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik". 1988. 9000 words from Turkmen to Russian. Our main reference text. B. Chariyarova. Bolshoy Russko-Turkmenskiy Slovar. - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik". 1987. 77,000 entries in two volumes, translations from Russian to Turkmen. B. Jumageldieva, G. Sopieva. Sozlugi. - Ashgabad "Ilham". listing Russian and Turkmen. Turkmenche-Ruscha Gysgalzha Tematik 1994. 75 pages of thematic word lists, B. Meskutova. Ruscha-Turkmenche Okuw Sozlugi. - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik". 1982. 5000 words from Russian to Turkmen. M. Soyegov, N. Rejepov. Taze Turkmen Elipbi. - Ashgabat "Ruh". 1993. An introduction to the new Turkmen alphabet for Turkmen speakers. M. Wheeler. The Oxford Russian-English Dictionary. - New York "Oxford University Press". 1992. 82,000 entries from Russian to English. The following additional works were used as references in preparing the brief grammatical appendix: R. Nepesova, O. Yaslydeva. Let's Speak English. 1992. Beginning English for Turkmen Speakers. - Ashgabat "Ilim". Peace Corps Turkmenistan. Turkmen. based basic Turkmen instruction. 1995. Compentency- N. Rejepov. Turkmenskiy Yazik. Turkmen for Russian Speakers. - Ashgabad. - Ashgabad "Magarif". 1993. A. Retman, R. Retman. Let's Learn to Speak English. Beginning English for Turkmen Speakers. Beginning - Ashgabat. 1992. Turkmen Language Project. Turkmen Language Course. - Indiana University. 1994. Compentency-based basic Turkmen instruction. D. Tyson, L. Clark. Turkmen Language Manual, 2nd Edition. - "U.S. Peace Corps". 1994. Compentency-based basic Turkmen instruction. J. Yagmirov. Turkmen Dilini Owrenyeris. Beginning Turkmen for Russian Speakers. - Ashabad "Ilim". 1993.
