Emergency and Clinical Care
IDST 1100
Course Description
Emergency and Clinical Care is a course that deals with emergencies before medical help arrives.
The course is designed to give the student the knowledge of how to recognize and respond to an
emergency. The intent of the course is to help the student feel more confident in his/her ability to
act appropriately in the event of an emergency. Students will be prepared to 1) obtain a patient
medical history, 2) take and record vital signs relative to medical/dental treatment, and 3) acquire
cardiopulmonary resuscitation American Red Cross certification.
Credits/Modes of Instruction
This is a 2-credit undergraduate course in lecture format that relies on regular activities,
assignments, and completion of weekly topics.
Pre/Co requisites
Successful high school completion of Dynamics of Health Care in Society
Instructor
The instructor will be a Rutgers SHRP faculty (or adjunct) member.
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
1.
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Identify ways to prevent injury and/or illness.
Describe the major organ systems and their functions.
Recognize when an emergency has occurred.
Describe the four emergency action principals in any emergency.
Describe first aid care for victims of respiratory distress.
Recognize and provide care for sudden illness involving the heart.
Recognize and describe the care necessary for internal and external bleeding.
Describe the care necessary for soft tissues.
Assess and provide care for musculoskeletal injuries.
Describe and provide care for specific injuries to the head, face, and neck.
Describe the signs of, and care for different injuries to the chest, abdomen, pelvis and
extremities.
Describe the care for sudden illness such as syncope, diabetic shock, seizures and stroke.
Describe the care for poisoning, bites and stings.
Describe the care necessary for victims of substance misuse and abuse.
15.
16.
Recognize and describe the care necessary for temperature-related emergencies.
Describe how to safely move victims on land and water.
Suggested Text
Healthcare First Aid with CPR and AED
American Heart Association
ISBN 0-87493-415-X
American Red Cross
Community First Aid and Safety
Staywell Publishing
1100 Geundy Lane
San Bruno, CA. 94066
ISBN 1-58480-105-0
Teaching/Learning Aids
Lecture, classroom discussion and demonstration
Visual Aids - Transparencies, video, slides, diagrams, handouts and manikins
Computer Software
Standard First Aid/ CPR Exam (Written and Demonstration)
The students are required to successfully participate in class, complete all homework assignments
and keep an organized notebook. The students must pass quizzes, tests and exams. The students
must also pass Standard First Aid/ CPR. The following criteria will be used:
Evaluation and Grading
Grade Determination
The minimum level of satisfactory performance in this course is a ‘C’ or better. To receive a ‘C’
or better, students must complete ALL course requirements specified above, including meeting
the minimum attendance expectation.
Upon successful completion of the course with a final high school grade of a “C” the
student will be eligible to earn Rutgers SHRP college credit.
In combination with high school grades the high school students must attain a C (74) or better on
the Emergency and Clinical Care exam as administered by the high school through the American
Red Cross or the American Heart Association’s standardized exam to earn college credits.
Health Science Careers Program Grading System
2
Weighted
Average of All
Requirements
Final
Letter
Grade
94-100
A
90-93
A-
87-89
B+
84-86
B
80-83
B-
77-79
C+
74-76
C
70-73
C-
Unsatisfactory Performance/Progress
Unsatisfactory performance which may include late assignments, failing grades, and/or
attendance or progress problems will be discussed individually on an as needed basis.
Honor Code and Academic Integrity
(Refer to your Rutgers SHRP Student Handbook at
http://shrp.rutgers.edu/current_students/handbook.pdf)
The faculty of Rutgers School of Health Related Professions believes that students must observe
and support high standards of honesty and integrity. For this reason, all students in this course are
expected to abide by the School's Honor Code and uphold its Code of Academic Integrity. As
described in detail in your Student Handbook, violations of the Code of Academic Integrity
include cheating, plagiarism, fabrication and/or academic misconduct. All such violations will be
considered with gravest concern and may be punishable with sanctions as severe as suspension or
dismissal. If you have not previously affirmed the School's Honor Code (either in writing or
electronically), you must submit a signed and dated copy of the Honor Code to the instructor by
the end of the first week of the semester. The Honor Code form is provided in the current Rutgers
SHRP Student Handbook.
Health Science Careers
3
Emergency & Clinical Care
Major Competency Areas
Student Competency Achievement
Evaluate the student using the rating scale below and check the appropriate number to indicate the
degree of competency achieved. The numerical rating of 4,3,2,1 and 0 are not intended to represent the
traditional school grading system of A,B, C,D, and F. The description associated with each of the
numbers focus on the level of student achievement for each of the areas listed below.
Rating Scale:
4 - Highly Satisfactory
3. - Satisfactory
2 - Needs Improvement
1 - Unsatisfactory
0 - Below Acceptable Level of Competency
4
3
2
1
0
I. Introduction
Emergency
Emergency Preparation
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II. Body Systems
Major Organs
Functions of Each System
First Aid-Related Problems
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III. Assessment of Emergencies
Primary Survey
Secondary Survey
Transporting Victims
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IV. Respiratory Emergencies
Normal Respiration
Rescue Breathing
First Aid for the Conscious Victim
First Aid for the Unconscious Victim
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V. Circulatory System
Risk Factors of Heart Disease
Prevention of Heart Disease
Signs and Symptoms of Heart Attacks
CPR in an Adult
CPR in a Child
CPR in an Infant
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VI. Bleeding
Blood and Blood Vessels
Controlling Internal and External Bleeding
Care of the Shock Victim
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VII. Soft Tissue Injuries
Types
Preventing Infection
Types of Bandages
Care of Open and Closed Wounds
Types of Burns
Burn Care
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VIII. Muscular/Skeletal Injuries
Types
Care
Splinting
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IX. Head and Spine Injuries
Common Injuries
General Care
Specific Care
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X. Chest, Abdominal and Pelvic
Types
Care
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XI. Extremities
Types of Injuries
Care
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XII. Medical Emergencies/Sudden Illness
Types of Emergencies
Care
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XIII. Poisoning, Bites and Stings
Types of Injuries
Care
Prevention
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XIV. Substance Misuse and Abuse
Types
Recognizing Misuse/Abuse
First Aid Response
Prevention
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XV. Exposure to the Elements
Control of Body Temperature
Types of Heat Emergencies
Care of Heat Emergencies
Types of Cold Emergencies
Care of Cold Emergencies
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XVI. Reaching and Moving Victims
Methods of Emergency Moves
Water Rescue
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I. INTRODUCTION
6
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
I.
Introduction
I.
Introduction
A.
The Citizen Responder
1.
Outline how the emergency medical
system works.
B.
Emergency Prevention
2.
C.
Emergency Preparations
Define the role of a Citizen Responder in
the Emergency Medical Service System
(EMS).
3.
State the most important action a Citizen
Responder can take in an emergency.
4.
List the four most common indicators of
an emergency.
5.
List the five common barriers to action.
6.
Identify the appropriate telephone
numbers to handle specific
emergencies.
7.
Describe the value of first aid training.
8.
List the content of a basic first
aid kit.
9.
Define important terms.
I. INTRODUCTION
7
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATIONS
1.
Have students complete
vocabulary/terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and Spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary/terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Prepare a list of emergency numbers for
home use.
5.
Visit EMS Dispatch Post.
6.
Small Group Activity: Assemble First
Aid Kit.
2.
Unit Exam
II. BODY SYSTEMS
8
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Respiratory
1.
List the major body systems.
B.
Circulatory
2.
Identify the major organs of
each body system.
C.
Integumentary
3.
D.
Muscular / Skeletal
Outline the functions of each body
system.
E.
Nervous
4.
Describe how the body systems
are interrelated.
F.
Interrelationship of Body Systems
5.
G.
Identify Body Parts
List the problems that require first aid
related to each system.
6.
Define important terms.
II. BODY SYSTEMS
9
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary /
terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary / terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Use dissected mannikin to locate organs
and identify corresponding organ
system.
5.
Prepare a chart of injuries common to
each organ system.
2.
Unit exam.
III. ASSESSMENT OF EMERGENCIES
10
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Emergency Action Principles
1.
List and describe the four Emergency
Action Principles.
B.
Transporting Victim
2.
Explain the reasons for following
emergency action principles.
3.
Identify four important questions that
must be answered when evaluating an
emergency.
4.
Explain what to do if you cannot reach a
victim because of an unsafe setting.
5.
List the three steps required to obtain
consent to provide care to the victim.
6.
Explain why you should do a primary
evaluation in every emergency situation.
7.
List the steps involved in a primary
survey.
8.
Identify the important facts that must be
included when you call the EMS for help.
9.
List five conditions that require a call for
professional help.
10.
List the steps involved in a secondary
survey.
11.
Explain why you should do a secondary
survey in every emergency situation.
12.
List the steps involved in a secondary
survey.
13.
Identify the reasons why you should not
transport a victim.
14.
Identify the things that must be done if
transportation of the victim to the
hospital is indicated.
15.
Define important terms.
III. ASSESSMENT OF EMERGENCIES
11
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary
worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary / terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Show video of emergency situations.
5.
Skill Practice: Working in pairs, simulate
positioning of the victim, the primary
survey and the secondary survey.
2.
Unit Exam.
IV. RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
12
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Breathing Process
1.
Describe the process of breathing.
B.
Respiratory Distress
2.
List five (of the many) signals of
respiratory distress.
C.
Respiratory Distress
3.
D.
Airway Obstruction
State three specific causes of respiratory
distress.
4.
Describe the care necessary for a victim
of respiratory distress.
5.
Identify the purpose of rescue breathing.
6.
List the special consideration for rescue
breathing.
7.
Describe when to provide rescue
breathing.
8.
Outline the steps involved in rescue
breathing.
9.
State at least three causes of choking.
10.
Describe and demonstrate the first aid
care involved for a conscious and an
unconscious person.
11.
Demonstrate rescue breathing for an
adult.
12.
Demonstrate rescue breathing for a
child.
13.
Demonstrate rescue breathing for an
infant.
14.
Define important terms.
IV. RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
13
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary /
terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary / terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Show video demonstrating rescue
breathing.
5.
Skill Practice: working in pairs, simulate
the following situations:
2.
Unit Exam.
a.
First Aid for conscious/
unconscious victim.
b.
Rescue breathing for an adult.
c.
Rescue breathing for a child.
d.
Rescue breathing for an infant.
V. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
14
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Heart Attack
1.
Describe the heart.
B.
Cardiac Arrest
2.
List three common causes of a heart
attack.
C.
CPR
3.
List five signals of a heart attack.
4.
Describe the care necessary for a heart
attack victim.
5.
Identify the common causes and signals
of cardiac arrest.
6.
Describe the purpose of CPR.
7.
Outline the steps involved in giving CPR.
8.
List 5 conditions in which a rescuer may
stop CPR.
9.
Identify ways to prevent cardiovascular
disease.
10.
Identify risk factors of heart disease.
11.
List three risk factors of heart disease.
12.
Demonstrate CPR on an adult.
13.
Demonstrate CPR on a child.
14.
Demonstrate CPR on an infant.
D.
1.
Adult
2.
Child
3.
Infant
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
V. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
15
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary/
terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary / terminology
words and pronunciation .
4.
Show video demonstrating CPR.
5.
Skill Practice: working in pairs,
demonstrate CPR in the following
situations:
a. Adult
b. Child
c. Infant
6.
Guest speaker: Dietitian from American
Heart Association.
7.
Supermarket Tour: Low fat, low
cholesterol, low sodium products.
2.
Unit Exam.
VI. BLEEDING
16
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Blood and Blood Vessels.
1.
Identify the components of blood.
B.
Bleeding Emergencies
2.
List three functions of blood.
C.
Shock
3.
Explain why severe bleeding must be
controlled.
4.
Outline the chain of events that occur
when one is bleeding.
5.
Identify the signals of external and
internal bleeding.
6.
Describe the methods for control of
external and internal bleeding.
7.
Explain the methods to minimize the risk
of disease transmission when
attempting to control external bleeding.
8.
List two signals that can result in shock.
9.
Identify six signals of shock.
10.
Outline the process of "going into"
shock.
11.
Identify the care necessary for a victim
of shock.
12.
Define important terms.
VI. BLEEDING
17
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary /
terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary/terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Video: Bleeding and Shock.
5.
Skill Practice: Working in pairs,
simulate the care of a victim of shock.
2.
Unit Exam.
VII. SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
18
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Types
1.
Describe soft tissues
B.
Infection
2.
Identify the two types of open tissue
wounds.
C.
Wound Care
3.
D.
Burn Care
List four main types of open tissue
wounds.
4.
Describe the process involved in
preventing infection.
5.
Identify the signals of infection.
6.
Describe how to care for an infection.
7.
List the types of bandaging.
8.
Describe how to care for open and
closed wounds and those involving an
impaled object.
9.
Identify the causes of burn injury.
10.
Identify the three types of burns.
11.
Describe the basic steps of burn care.
12.
Identify the causes of thermal, chemical,
electrical and radiation burns.
13.
Define important terms.
VII. SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
19
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary /
terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Video: Soft Tissue Injuries.
4.
Skill Practice: Working in pairs, simulate
the following:
2.
Unit Exam.
a.
b.
c.
Types of bandaging
Controlling bleeding
Care of Burn Victim
VIII. MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES
20
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Types
1.
Identify the major structures of the e
musculoskeletal system.
B.
Care
2.
C.
Transport considerations
Describe the four basic types of injuries
than can occur to the musculoskeletal
system.
3.
Identify the signals of a musculoskeletal
injury.
4.
Outline the care necessary for a
musculoskeletal injury.
5.
Identify considerations for transport of a
victim of musculoskeletal injury.
6.
List the four principles of splinting.
7.
Identify and demonstrate the application
of a(n) anatomic, soft and rigid splint.
8.
Define important terms.
VIII. MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES
21
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary /
terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary / terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Video: Musculoskeletal Injury.
5.
Skill practice: working in pairs, simulate
splinting.
2.
Unit Exam
IX. HEAD AND SPINE
22
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Recognizing Serious Injuries
1.
List the most common types of head and
spinal injuries.
B.
General Care
2.
C.
Specific Care
Identify five causes of head and spinal
injuries.
3.
Identify the signals of head and spinal
injuries.
4.
Describe the care necessary for head
and spinal injuries.
5.
Describe the care necessary for
concussions, scalp, cheek, nose, eye,
ear, mouth, jaw, and teeth injuries.
6.
Describe how to minimize movement of
the victim's head and spine.
7.
List seven ways to prevent head and
spinal injuries.
8.
Define important terms.
IX. HEAD AND SPINE
23
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
1.
Have students complete vocabulary /
terminology worksheets.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary / terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Skill Practice: Working in pairs, simulate
the following:
a.
b.
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Unit Exam.
Care of Head Injuries
Care of Spine Injuries
X. CHEST, ABDOMINAL, AND PELVIC INJURIES
24
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Types
1.
Describe the injuries that can occur to
the chest, abdomen and pelvis.
B.
Care
2.
Explain why chest, abdominal and pelvic
injuries can be fatal.
3.
Identify signals of chest, abdominal and
pelvic injuries.
4.
List the steps involved in the care of
chest/rib, abdominal and pelvic injuries.
5.
Describe the care involved with
"sucking" chest injuries.
6.
Describe the care for injuries to the
genitals.
7.
Define important terms.
X. CHEST, ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC INJURIES.
25
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary
/terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary / terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Skill Practice: Working in pairs, simulate
the following:
2.
Unit Exam
a.
b.
Care of chest injuries
Care of genital injuries
XI. EXTREMITIES
26
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Types
1.
Describe the injuries that can
occur to the extremities.
B.
Care
2.
List five signals that indicate serious
extremity injury.
3.
Describe how to care for injuries to the
extremities.
4.
Define important terms.
XI. EXTREMITIES
27
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary /
terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary / terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Skill practice: Working in pairs, simulate
the care of injuries to extremities.
2.
Unit Exam
XII. MEDICAL EMERGENCIES/SUDDEN ILLNESS
28
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Types
1.
Identify five signals of sudden illness.
B.
Care
2.
Describe the care necessary for fainting.
3.
Describe the care necessary for diabetic
emergencies.
4.
Describe the care necessary for
seizures.
5.
Describe the care necessary for stroke
victims.
6.
List at least three instances when EMT
services are required.
7.
Define important terms.
XII. MEDICAL EMERGENCIES / SUDDEN ILLNESS
29
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary /
terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary / terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Skill practice: working in pairs, simulate
the care necessary for the following:
2.
Unit exam.
a.
b.
c.
d.
fainting
diabetic emergencies
seizures
stroke
XIII. POISONING, BITES AND STINGS
30
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Types
1.
Identify the four ways that poisons can
enter the body.
B.
Care
2.
Identify the signals of poisoning.
C.
Prevention
3.
List the questions to be answered if
poisoning is suspected.
4.
Identify the specific are necessary for
ingested, inhaled and absorbed
poisoning emergencies.
5.
Identify the specific care necessary for
an insect bite or sting, marine life sting,
snake bite, tick bite or animal bite.
6.
Identify five factors to prevent poisoning.
7.
Describe the signs and symptoms of
anaphylaxis.
8.
Describe the role of a Poison Control
Center.
9.
Define important terms.
\
]XIII. POISONING, BITES AND STINGS
31
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary /
terminology worksheets.
1. Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary / terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Skill practice: working in pairs, simulate
the care necessary for:
a.
b.
poisoning
insect, snake, and animal bites
2.
XIV. SUBSTANCE MISUSE AND ABUSE
32
Unit Exam
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Types
1.
Identify three categories of commonly
abused or misused substances.
B.
Forms
2.
List the effects of misuse and abuse.
C.
Common Substances
3.
D.
Recognizing Misuse/Abuse
Identify five signals of substance misuse
or abuse.
E.
First Aid/Response
4.
F.
Prevention
Describe the first aid or general care
necessary for someone suspected of
substance abuse or misuse.
5.
Identify six factors that can lead a
person to substance misuse or abuse.
6.
Outline the ways to prevent unintentional
substance misuse or abuse.
7.
Define important terms.
XIV. SUBSTANCE MISUSE AND ABUSE
33
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary /
terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary/terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Skill practice: working in pairs, simulate
the first aid for legal and illegal
substance misuse/abuse.
2.
Research Paper: Choose a substance
and describe its physiological effect on
the body.
5.
Role Play: Counseling techniques for
substance abuse.
3.
Unit Exam
XV. EXPOSURE TO THE ELEMENTS
34
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Body Temperature
1.
Describe how body temperature is
controlled.
B.
Types
2.
C.
Prevention
Identify those people who are at risk for
heat or cold illness.
3.
Identify two types of heat emergencies.
4.
List the signals of heat exhaustion.
5.
List the signals of heat stroke.
6.
Identify two types of cold emergencies.
7.
List the signals of frostbite.
8.
List the signals of hypothermia.
9.
Describe three general care steps to be
immediately followed after heat or coldrelated emergencies.
10.
List five example of first aid for heat and
cold emergencies.
11.
Identify two signals of heat or coldrelated illness that require EMT services.
12.
Define important terms.
XV. EXPOSURE TO THE ELEMENTS
35
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary /
terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary / terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Skill practice: working in pairs, simulate
the care necessary for the following:
2.
Unit Exam
a.
b.
heat emergencies
cold emergencies: frostbite,
hypothermia
XVI. REACHING AND MOVING VICTIMS
36
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES
A.
Reaching
1.
B.
Moving
List three situations in which an
emergency move of a victim is
necessary.
C.
Water
2.
Identify your limitations before you
decide to move a victim.
3.
List and demonstrate five emergency
moves.
4.
Identify the most appropriate move for a
person suspected of a spinal injury.
5.
List five methods of water rescue.
6.
Describe "self rescue."
7.
Describe survival swimming.
8.
List five precautions to take around
water.
9.
Define important terms.
XVI. REACHING AND MOVING VICTIMS
37
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
METHOD OF EVALUATION
1.
Have students complete vocabulary /
terminology worksheets.
1.
Terminology and spelling quiz.
2.
Prepare lecture on material.
3.
Discuss vocabulary / terminology words
and pronunciation.
4.
Skill practice: working in pairs, simulate
the care necessary for water rescue.
2.
Unit Exam.
38