NAME___________________________________#________
UNIT 4
THE 1920–1940 THE 1920s AND THE GREAT DEPRESSION
Ch.14 The Great Depression Begins
Chapter Objective
To understand the causes and consequences of the Great Depression and the futility of Hoover’s
actions to limit the damage
SECTION 1 The Nation’s Sick Economy pp. 464–471
1. Summarize the critical problems threatening the American economy in the late 1920s.
2. Describe the causes of the stock market crash and Great Depression.
3. Explain how the Great Depression affected the economy in the United States and
throughout the world.
SECTION 2 Hardship and Suffering During the Depression pp. 472–477
1. Describe how people struggled to survive during the Depression.
2. Explain how the Depression affected men, women, and children.
SECTION 3 Hoover Struggles with the Depression pp. 478–483
1. Explain Hoover’s initial response to the Depression.
2. Summarize the actions Hoover took to help the economy and the hardship suffered by
Americans.
3. Describe the Bonus Army and Hoover’s actions toward it.
NAME_______________________________________________#____________
Chapter14:The Great Depression Begins
TITLE: The Nation’s Sick Economy
CH. 14 S.1 PP.464-471
1. Summarize the critical problems threatening the American economy in the late 1920s.
Industries In Trouble
Key basic industries
important economic indicator
Farmers Need A Lift
after the war
McNary-Haugen bill
price-supports
Consumers Have Less Money
To Spend
Production expanded much faster
than wages
Living On Credit
credit
often an installment plan
Uneven Distribution Of Income
Between 1920 and 1929
fragile foundation
Chapter14:The Great Depression Begins
TITLE: The Nation’s Sick Economy
2. Describe the causes of the stock market crash and Great Depression.
The Election Of 1928
Hoover advantage
“We in America are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before.”
Dreams Of Riches In The Stock
Market
Dow Jones Industrial Average
Then as now
“bull market”
seeds of trouble taking root
speculation
buying on margin
government
In reality
if the value of stocks declined
The Stock Market Crashes
October 24, Black Tuesday
stocks on credit
By mid-November
CH. 14 S.1 PP.464-471
Chapter14:The Great Depression Begins
TITLE: The Nation’s Sick Economy
CH. 14 S.1 PP.464-471
3. Explain how the Great Depression affected the economy in the United Sates and throughout the
world.
Great Depression
Bank And Business Failures
By 1933
the gross national product
hit other businesses
workers lost their jobs
Worldwide Shock Waves
compounded problems
Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act
designed to protect
had the opposite effect
Causes Of The Great
Depression
federal government
President Hoover, Nov. 1929
Yet, the most severe depression in American history was well on its way.
1.
NAME_____________________________________________#____________
Chapter14: The Great Depression Begins
TITLE: Hardship and Suffering During the Depression
1. Describe how people struggled to survive during the Depression.
The Depression In The Cities
shantytowns
makeshift shacks
Soup kitchens
Bread lines
common sight
African-Americans, Latinos
Depression In Rural Areas
farmers lost their land.
foreclosure
The Dust Bowl
drought
farmers
drought and winds
Map p.474
dust storms and evictions
Route 66 to California
Okies
By the end of the 1930s
CH. 14 S.2 PP.472-477
Chapter14:The Great Depression Begins
TITLE: The Nation’s Sick Economy
2. Explain how the Depression affected men, women, and children.
Effects on the Amer. Family
believed in traditional values
severe pressure on family life
Men In The Streets
Some became discouraged
300,000 transients
direct relief
benefits were meager
Women Struggle To Survive
worked outside the home
women often too ashamed to
reveal their hardship.
Children Suffer Hardships
“wild boys” “Hoover tourists,”
road could also be deadly
1929 to 1939
CH. 14 S.2 PP.472-477
Social And Psychological
Effects
Social
psychological
NAME_____________________________________________#____________
Chapter14: The Great Depression Begins
2.
TITLE: Hoover Struggles with the Depression
1. Explain Hoover’s initial response to the Depression.
Hoover Tries to Reassure the
Nation
Hoover’s Philosophy
gov’t. chief function
“rugged individualism”
answer to the needy
Hoover Takes Cautious Steps
A year after the crash
Boulder Dam
minimize federal intervention
agreement on water rights
provided
Hoover Dam Today
1930 Congressional Elections
Americans more frustrated
Farmers
stung by low crop prices
slaps at Hoover’s policies
Hoover holds firm to principles
CH. 14 S.3 PP.478-483
Chapter14:The Great Depression Begins
TITLE: The Nation’s Sick Economy
CH. 14 S.3 PP.478-483
2. Summarize the actions Hoover took to help the economy and the hardship suffered by
Americans.
Hoover Backs Cooperatives
Federal Farm Board
National Credit Corporation
Direct Intervention
Hoover appeals to Congress
Federal Home Loan Bank Act
Glass-Steagall Banking Act
Reconstruction Finance
Corporation (RFC)
critics questions
results
Chapter14:The Great Depression Begins
TITLE: The Nation’s Sick Economy
3. Describe the Bonus Army and Hoover’s actions towards it.
Bonus Army
CH. 14 S.3 PP.478-483
The Patman Bill Denied
Hoover
June 17
Hoover Disbands The Bonus
Army
July 28
“ The 12th infantry was in full battle dress. Each had a gas mask and his belt was full of tear gas bombs. . . .
At orders, they brought their bayonets at thrust and moved in. The bayonets were used to jab people, to make
them move. Soon, almost everybody disappeared from view, because tear gas bombs exploded. The entire
block was covered by tear gas. Flames were coming up, where the soldiers
had set fire to the buildings to drive these people out. . . . Through the whole afternoon, they took one camp
after another.”
A. EVERETTE MCINTYRE—quoted in Hard Times
November election