Oxygen and Neon
By Hannah Crabb
Diagrams of Elements
Key
Nucleus
Neutrons N
Protons P
Electrons e1st shell
2nd shell
Oxygen, O
eee-
8 Protons
8 Neutrons
8 Electrons
e-
8N
8P
e-
e-
e-
The Family that Oxygen
belongs to is called The
Chalcogens or more
commonly called “The
oxygen family.”
eIn the Periodic table
Oxygen is in group VI and
in period 2.
Neon, Ne
ee-
e10N
10P
e-
e-
10 Protons
10 Neutrons
10 Electrons
e-
ee-
e-
e-
Neon is apart of the
noble gases or the
inert gases.
In the periodic table
Neon is in group VIII
and in period 2
Isotopes
Isotopes are variants of a basic element. They are substances made of
atoms with a different number of neutrons from the original element.
Oxygen has 4 isotopes are: Oxygen-13(13O), Oxygen- 15(15O), Oxygen17(17O) and Oxygen- 18(18O).
I drew diagrams to Oxygen-13(13O) and Oxygen- 15(15O)
Oxygen-13(13O)- has 8 protons and electrons and has 5 neutrons.
ee-
ee-
5N
8P
ee-
ee-
Oxygen-15(10O) - has 8 protons and electrons and has 7 neutrons.
eee-
8P
7N
e-
eee-
e-
Neon has 2 isotopes: Neon- 21(21Ne), and Neon-22 (22Ne).
Neon- 21 (21Ne)- Has 10 protons and electrons and 11 neutrons
e-
e-
e-
e-
10P
11N
e-
eee-
e-
e-
Neon-22 (22Ne)- Has 10 protons and electrons and 12 neutrons.
e-
ee-
e-
10P
12N
e-
e-
ee-
e-
Physical Properties
Oxygen
State of matter: Gas
Density: 1.429 kg at 20°C
Melting point: -219 °C
Boiling point: -183 °C
Non metal
Atomic weight: 15,9994
In normal conditions oxygen is an odourless, tastless and colourless gas.
Oxygen makes up a fifth of the earths atmosphere amounting to more than a million
billion tonnes of oxygen.
Neon
State of matter: Gas
Density: 0.0008999g
Melting point: -249 °C
Boiling point: -246°C
Non- Metal
Noble gas
Neon is the second-lightest noble gas.
Its colour is reddish-orange when in neon lamps.
It has no threat to the environment and has no impact at all because it is unreactive
and forms no compounds.
Chemical properties
Oxygen
Oxygen is one of the most active of all chemical elements. The reaction between
oxygen and other elements normally end up in the formation of a binary compound (a
compound that contains exactly two different elements) known as an oxide. So the
reaction between oxygen and sodium for example, would produce sodium oxide. This
is called oxidation.
Oxidation can happen slowly or quite fast. Combustion is rapid oxidation. In
combustion heat is given quickly making temperature rise extremely high and flames
appear. Oxygen does not burn, but it does help with combustion. . Some examples
of slow oxidation are the rusting of iron or the, drying of paints and the change of
alcohol into vinegar.
Neon
Neon has few uses. The most known use is neon lighting. Neon signs are normally
filled with neon gas however they me also contain other gasses as well.
Neon is chemically inactive. So far, it has been impossible to make neon react with
any other compound or element.
There are no compounds of neon however; there is some evidence that it could form
a compound with fluorine.
Neon is not flammable, reactive or corrosive.
Physical and chemical properties related to electron structure
Oxygen
Oxygen has 8 electrons meaning its outer shell is not full. To get a full shell oxygen
would normally take electrons from elements such as sodium, magnesium,
aluminum, silicon, phosphorus or any other element with an outer shell with half the
limit of electrons possible in that shell.
Neon
Neon has a full outer shell, so it won’t take or give any electrons because it is
chemically stable and doesn’t need to.
History
Oxygen
Oxygen was initially discovered by a Swedish pharmacist, Carl Wilhelm Scheele in
1772. He had created oxygen gas by heating mercuric oxide and different nitrates.
He wrote a paper of his discovered tilted “Treatise on Air” which did not get published
until 1777.
In the meantime in 1774 an experiment carried out by a British clergyman Joseph
Priestley, focused sunlight on mercuric oxide inside a glass tube which formed a gas.
He ran experiments and noted that candles burned longer while in the gas and mice
would be more active and would live longer after breathing in the gas.
He published a paper titled “An account of Further Discoveries in Air’ in 1775.
Although Carl Scheele discovered oxygen first, Joseph Priestley published his
findings first he is usually given priority in the discovery.
After the discovery made by Joseph Priestley was known, a French chemist Antoine
Laurent Lavoisier used this discovery to be the first person to give quantitative results
of oxidation and give the first accurate explanation of combustion. He used his
findings to prove the substance that Priestley and Scheele found was actually a
chemical element.
Neon
Neon was discovered in 1898 by two British chemists Sir William Ramsey and Morris
W. Travers in London. Neon was discovered when William Ramsey chilled a small
sample of the atmosphere until it became a liquid and then heated the liquid and
captured the gasses as they boiled off. The gasses that boiled off were xenon,
krypton and neon.
In 1910 a French engineer George Claude made a lamp from a tube of neon gas that
was electrified hence, the first neon light was made.
The largest use for neon gas is advertising signs however, neon is also used to make
high voltage indicators and I also combined with helium to form helium-neon lasers.