TERMS, TIME PERIODS AND CONCEPTS DEFINED:
INTRODUCTION TO 3-DIMENSIONAL ART
TERMS:
1.
Cromlech:
Prehistoric arrangement of stones in a circle.
2.
Subject:
Images that a viewer can identify in a piece of art.
3.
Medium:
Materials used to create a piece of art.
4.
Post and Lintel Construction:
Two or more vertical (posts) supporting a horizontal (lintel).
5.
Aesthetics:
One’s sense of beauty or visual preference.
6.
Symmetrical:
One half of the sculpture is balanced with the other half.
7.
Likeness:
A piece of art that bears a resemblance to a specific person.
8.
Bust:
Sculpture that includes the head, neck, and part of the shoulders.
9.
Functional:
Objects that can be used in everyday life.
10.
Tactile:
Having to do with the sense of touch.
11.
Credit Line:
Listing of important facts about a piece of art.
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12.
Asymmetrical:
One half of the sculpture is unbalanced with the other half.
13.
Freestanding Sculpture:
Surrounded on all sides by space (a.k.a. “in-the-round”).
14.
Marble:
Hard white or colored stone used for sculpture/architecture.
15.
Content:
The message, idea, or feeling of a piece of art.
16.
Contropasto:
Stance where a person has 1 leg engaged & the other relaxed.
17.
Thumbnails:
Quick sketches done to practice a composition.
18.
Scale:
Size of an object compared to other objects in the piece.
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19.
Subtractive Sculpture:
Sculpture where material is taken away to reveal form.
20.
Plasticine:
Green, oil-based clay used for modeling.
21.
Patina:
Green film that forms on bronze as it ages.
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22.
Organic Form:
3-D objects with irregular edges (hands, apple, statue, etc.)
23.
Positive Space:
The physical space that a piece of sculpture occupies.
24.
Negative Space:
The physical space that surrounds the sculpture.
25.
Concave:
Curved inward, like the inside of a spoon.
26.
Convex:
Curved outward, like the bottom of a spoon.
27.
Stylized:
Reducing a subject to its bare necessities, no small details.
28.
Geometric Form:
3-D objects with regular edges (baseball, pyramid, cone, etc.)
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29.
Ceramic:
Products made from clay.
30.
Pottery:
Functional ceramic pieces such as plates, cups and dishes.
31.
Earthenware:
Lightweight clay that is not waterproof or weatherproof.
32.
Matte:
A dull finish that has no shine.
33.
Mobile:
Construction made to balance on wire and hang from ceiling.
34.
Stabile:
Construction made to rest stationary on the ground.
35.
Additive Sculpture:
Sculpture where material is added to build up the form.
36.
Kinetic Art:
Art that is free to move on its own or equipped with a motor.
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37.
Relief:
Sculpture where the forms & figures project from front only.
38.
Stoneware:
Heavyweight, waterproof clay that is strong & weatherproof.
39.
Greenware:
When a piece of clay is dry, but has not yet been bisque fired.
40.
Kiln:
Oven used to fire works of clay so they change chemically.
41.
Bisque Fire:
The first time a piece of clay is fired in the kiln.
42.
Installation:
Object assembled by an artist for display in a specific space.
43.
Assemblage:
An artistic combination of 3/D objects to make a sculpture.
44.
Loop Tool:
Clay working tool used to remove large amounts of clay.
45.
Rib Tool:
Clay working tool used to smooth out areas of clay.
46.
Slip:
Liquefied clay that can be poured into a mold.
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TIME PERIODS: (all dates are approximations):
1.
Neolithic:
10000BCE-2000 BCE
Period known as the New Stone Age.
2.
Egyptian:
3100 BCE-331 BCE
Period of great achievement along the Nile River.
3.
Greek:
900 BCE-100 BCE
Period of great achievement in ancient Greece.
4.
Renaissance:
1425-1550
Period of great awakening, revival and rebirth.
5.
Neoclassical
1800-1870
Period of renewed interest in Greek and Roman art.
6.
Expressionism:
1880-1910
Period of strong emotions and feelings in art.
7.
Modernism:
1870-1970
Period of great changes in Western culture.
8.
Native American:
1500-present
Period of aboriginal culture in North America.
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CONCEPTS:
1.
2.
3.
The 7 elements of art:
Space:
Distance/area between, around, above, below, within things.
Texture:
How a thing feels or appears to feel.
Form:
An object with three dimensions.
Value:
Lightness or darkness of a color.
Color:
Element made up of three properties: hue, value and intensity.
Line:
The path of a dot through space.
Shape:
Area clearly set off by one of the other elements of art.
The 3 major styles of art:
Representational:
Artist attempts to capture reality in the artwork.
Abstract:
Artist distorts reality, but objects are still recognizable.
Nonrepresentational:
Artist shows no recognizable object in the artwork.
The 4 major processes of sculpture:
Modeling:
Assembly:
Additive. Process in which a soft material is built up and shaped into a sculptural form.
Additive. Artist gathers and joins together a variety of different materials
to construct a 3-D work of art.
Carving:
Subtractive. Cutting or chipping away from a given mass of material.
Casting:
Neither. A melted down metal or liquid is poured
into a mold to harden.