Review: Chapter 7
Unit #5: States of Consciousness
Understanding consciousness and what it encompasses is critical to an appreciation of what is meant by a given state of
consciousness. The study of variations in consciousness includes an examination of the sleep cycle, dreams, hypnosis, and the
effects of psychoactive drugs.
 Describe various states of consciousness and their impact on behavior.
 Discuss aspects of sleep and dreaming.
 Describe historic and contemporary uses of hypnosis.
 Explain hypnotic phenomena.
 Identify the major psychoactive drug categories and classify specific drugs, including their effects.
 Discuss drug dependence, addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal.
 Identify the major figures in consciousness research.
Myers, Chapter 7 (p. 271-311)
I. Consciousness & Information Processing
II. Sleep & Dreams
A. Biological Rhythms
B. The Rhythm of Sleep
1. Circadian Rhythm
2. Sleep Stages
3. Why do we sleep?
a. Sleep Deprivation
b. Sleep Theories
4. Sleep Disorders
5. Dreams
a. Why do we dream?
III. Hypnosis
A. Facts & Falsehoods
1. Can anyone experience hypnosis?
2. Can hypnosis enhance recall of
forgotten events?
3. Can hypnosis force people to act
against their will?
4. Can hypnosis be therapeutic?
5. Can hypnosis alleviate pain?
B. Is Hypnosis an Altered State of
Consciousness?
1. Hypnosis as a Social Phenomenon
2. Hypnosis as Divided Consciousness
IV. Drugs & Consciousness
A. Dependence & Addiction
1. Misconceptions about Addiction
B. Psychoactive Drugs
1. Depressants
a. Alcohol
b. Barbiturates
c. Opiates
2. Stimulants
a. Cocaine
b. Ecstasy
3. Hallucinogens
a. LSD
b. Marijuana
C. Influences on Drug Use
1. Biological Influences
2. Psychological & Social-Cultural
Influences
V. Near Death Experiences
Princeton Review
 Consciousness
 Sleep & Dreams
 Hypnosis
 Psychoactive Drugs
Terms: be able to define these terms, they will be key for the matching section but some may pop up on multiple choice,
true/false or fill in the blank questions.
*Activation-Synthesis Dream Theory: ___________________________________________________________________
Addiction: _________________________________________________________________________________________
*Agonists: _________________________________________________________________________________________
*Antagonists: ______________________________________________________________________________________
Biological Clock: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Circadian Rhythm: __________________________________________________________________________________
*Consciousness: ___________________________________________________________________________________
Controlled Processing-Automatic Processing Continuum: ___________________________________________________
Dependence: ______________________________________________________________________________________
*Depressants (Alcohol-Barbituates/Tranquilizers-Opiates): __________________________________________________
*Disassociation Theory of Hypnosis: ____________________________________________________________________
*Dreams: _________________________________________________________________________________________
EEG/Alpha/Beta/Theta/Delta Waves: ___________________________________________________________________
*Hallucinogens/Psychedelics (LSD-Marijuana):____________________________________________________________
Hilgard’s Theory: ___________________________________________________________________________________
*Hypnosis: ________________________________________________________________________________________
*Information-Processing Dream Theory: _________________________________________________________________
*Insomnia: ________________________________________________________________________________________
Latent v. Manifest Content: ___________________________________________________________________________
*Levels of Consciousness: ____________________________________________________________________________
Melatonin: _________________________________________________________________________________________
*Narcolepsy: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Near-Death Experiences: _____________________________________________________________________________
Nightmares/Night Terrors: ____________________________________________________________________________
*Opiates:__________________________________________________________________________________________
Posthypnotic Suggestion: _____________________________________________________________________________
Preconscious/Subconscious/Unconscious: _______________________________________________________________
*Psychoactive Drugs: ________________________________________________________________________________
*REM Sleep: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Repression: _______________________________________________________________________________________
*Role Theory of Hypnosis: ____________________________________________________________________________
Sensory Deprivation: ________________________________________________________________________________
SIDS: ____________________________________________________________________________________________
*Sigmund Freud/Dream Interpretation: __________________________________________________________________
*Sleep Apnea: _____________________________________________________________________________________
*Sleep Cycles: _____________________________________________________________________________________
*Sleep Disorders: ___________________________________________________________________________________
*Sleep Stages (1-2-3-4): _____________________________________________________________________________
*Sleep: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Somnambulism/Sleepwalking: _________________________________________________________________________
States of Consciousness:_____________________________________________________________________________
*State Theory of Hypnosis: ___________________________________________________________________________
*Stimulant (Caffeine-Amphetamines-Cocaine-Ecstasy-Nicotine-Narcotics): ______________________________________
*Tolerance: ________________________________________________________________________________________
*Withdrawal: _______________________________________________________________________________________