The Axial Skeleton Lab
NAME________________ PER______
Use Lab Book pp. 90-104, textbook pp.199-224, atlas pp.1-33, and notes to complete this lab.
A. Overview
1. Name the 3 major components of the axial skeleton.
2. With one exception, the skull bones are joined by sutures. Name the exception.
3. Name the 8 bones of the cranium.
4. Give 2 possible function of the sinuses.
5. Match the bone names in column B with the descriptions in column A.
1. forehead bone
a. ethmoid
2. cheekbone
b. frontal
3. lower jaw
c. hyoid
4. bridge of nose
d. lacrimal
5. posterior bones of the hard palate
e. mandible
6. most posterior part of cranium
f. maxilla
7. bat-shaped bone forming part of the cranial floor
g. nasal
8. tiny bones bearing tear ducts
h. occipital
9. anterior part of hard palate
i. palatine
10. site of mastoid process
j. parietal
11. site of cribriform plate
k. sphenoid
12. site of mental formamen
l. temporal
13. site of styloid process
m. vomer
14. condyles here articulate with the atlas
n. zygomatic
15. foramen magnum found here
16. small U-shaped bone in the neck
17. middle ear found here
18. nasal septum
19. contain alveoli bearing teeth (2 answers)
6. What kind of tissue composes the intervertebral discs?
7. What is a herniated disk? What problems might it cause?
8.
The major components of the thorax (excluding the vertebral column) are:
9.
Differentiate between a true rib and a false rib.
10. The distinguishing characteristics of some vertebrae are noted below. Correctly identify each.
a. atlas
c. coccyx
b. axis
d. sacrum
1.
2.
3.
4.
dens here provide a pivot for the rotation of the 1st cervical vertebra
articulates with the hip bone laterally
tail bone
supports head; allow rocking motion
B. The Vertebral Column
Correctly identify the vertebral areas described below. Then, use the letters to label the diagram.
a. body
b. intervetebral foramina
c. lamina
d. pedicle
e. spinous process
f. superior articular process
g. transverse process
h. vertebral arch
i. vertebral foramen
1. _______cavity enclosing the nerve cord
2. _______weight-bearing portion of the vertebra
3. _______provide levers against which muscles pull (2 answers)
4. _______provide an articulation point for the ribs
5. _______openings providing for exit of spinal nerves
6. _______structures (2 answers) that form an enclosure for the
spinal cord
C. The Bony Thorax
Using the terms at the right, identify the regions and landmarks of the bony thorax.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
body
clavicular notch
costal cartilage
false ribs
floating ribs
jugular notch
manubrium
sternal angle
sternum
true ribs
xiphisternal joint
xiphoid process
D. The Skull
Using the choices, identify all bones and bone marking provided with leader lines in the two diagrams below.
1 Coronal suture
2 ethmoid bone
3 foramen magnum
4 frontal bone
5 glabella
6 inferior nasal concha
7 inferior orbital fissure
8 infraorbital foramen
9 lacrimal bone
10 mandible
11 mandibular symphysis
12 mastoid process
13 maxilla
14 mental foramen
15 middle nasal concha of ethmoid
16 nasal bone
17 occipital bone
18 occipital condyle
19 palatine bone
20 palatine process of maxilla
21 parietal bone
22 sagittal suture
23 sphenoid bone
24 Styloid process
25 supraorbital foramen
26 temporal bone
27 vomer
28 zygomatic bone
29 zygomatic process of temporal bone