UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
Professors:
EDA 7192 EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Spring 2005
Barbara A. Murray, Ph.D.
bmurray@mail.ucf.edu
Office:
Office Hours:
COE 222S
Monday
Wednesday
Thursday
Telephone:
B. Murray (407 823-1473
By Appointment
3:00-5:30
3:30-5:00 Brevard
Course Overview
The purpose of this course is to define leadership and leadership implications to
individual and group social processes within organizations. The course will foster the
development of skills essential for effective educational leadership and effective educational
organization.
The course will focus on the historical and contemporary perspectives of leadership with
emphasis on moral and ethical leadership. It is designed to increase the student’s ability to
analyze and apply leadership theories and models through extensive reading, writing and
discussion to current issues in the field.
Course Objectives
Students will be expected :
1.
to use the required text (and each week's assigned readings) as a common point of
departure for further reading and writing.
2.
to study theories and models of leadership related to the ethical and moral
“Facilitating Reflective Practitioner.”
3.
to demonstrate their best thoughts in regard to contemporary administrative practice and
the integration of leadership theory, research and practice.
4.
to study topics of school organization from the various perspectives of theorists,
empirical researchers and practitioners as they are influenced by leadership.
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Required Text
Wren, J. Thomas (Ed.). (1995). The leader's companion: Insights on leadership through the ages.
New York: The Free Press. ISBN 0-02874091-2
The readings in the text are assigned to assist in focusing thinking and discussion for each
class session. It is expected that students will supplement reading with journal articles and
relevant reference material in order to improve their understanding of theories of leadership or to
pursue lines of inquiry of particular interest to them.
Students are required to read, compare and contrast Animal Farm by George Orwell with
The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli, and write a paper relating such to beliefs and practices in
education. Moral implications of such practices and beliefs should be thoroughly discussed.
Students are required to select and read three books which reflect a theme related to moral
and ethical leadership, write a brief summary of the major concepts within each book, and
thoroughly compare and contrast such concepts in healthy organizations. This paper is to be no
longer than 15 pages.
Students are required to research a current topic and develop a review of literature which
is to be written in APA style. Research topics should reflect the research interest of the student
so as to begin to develop a research foundation for the doctoral dissertation.
Students are expected to engage in critical thinking in regard to the above topics
and to demonstrate their understanding of the various perspectives of theorists, empirical
researchers and practitioners by citing liberally from the scholarly literature. Students will
be evaluated based on the quality of contributions to class discussions and activities, and on the
scholarship and level of understanding demonstrated in the papers
submitted.
Students will be required to engage in community service activities. Such service can be
volunteer work with children, adults, elderly, medical related, and animal. SERVICE
ACTIVITIES ARE TO BE SELECTED BY THE STUDENT AND APPROVED BY THE
PROFESSOR AND ORGANIZATION WHERE THE SERVICE IS TO OCCUR. The
student is to write a paper, which briefly describes the project and reflects on the impact of the
project on the student’s character. THE PROJECT MUST CHALLENGE THE
STUDENT’S COMFORT LEVEL AND WILL BE EVALUATED ACCORDINGLY.
Students will be given a series of study questions. The content and style of the questions
will reflect questions on the final examination. The final examination will be formatted in the
same fashion as the comprehensive examinations.
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Evaluation Criterion
Review of Literature
Book Analysis I
Book Analysis II
Community Service
Final Examination
20%
25%
25%
20%
10%
(15-20 pages)
(7-10 pages)
(10-15 pages)
(3-5 pages of reflection)
Guidelines for Writing. Typing & Submitting Papers
1.
All papers are expected to be submitted on the date they are shown to be due.
2.
All papers should be word processed, should be free of typographical errors and be
representative of the high quality of thinking and writing expected of doctoral students.
Staple papers using a cover page which contains your name, the course and the topic(s)
which your paper addresses. Please avoid the use of binders, folders or paper clips
3.
Consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Associations (APA) and
The Office of Graduate Studies Thesis and Dissertation Manual (Current) in regard to
references and format.
STUDY QUESTIONS
1.
During the past decade, numerous scholars have argued for the merits of charismatic
leadership as an appropriate means to rejuvenate complex organizations, including
educational organizations. Examine this position in the following terms: (1) Summarize
and define the theory of charismatic leadership. (2) apply the theory of charismatic
leadership to an educational organization. (3) Develop an argument on the strengths of
charismatic leadership as a means of successful organizational change in the field of
education. Develop an argument on the weakness of charismatic leadership as a means of
successful change in the field of education (5) Conclude with your own assessment of
charismatic leadership in the field of education.
2.
One's concept of leadership is directly related to one's framework for understanding an
organization. Examine this position from the cultural perspective of an organization and
the strategic role of leadership. (1) Summarize and define the cultural framework of an
educational organization. (K-12, higher education, etc.) (2) Develop the relationship
between the cultural framework and the strategic role of leadership. (3) Demonstrate the
applicability of the cultural framework and strategic leadership to the substantive issues
of
improving schools (or colleges and universities).
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3.
Many theorists of management and leadership rely on Abraham Maslow's theory of
personal needs as a crucial aspect of their argument on leader-follower relationships.
Examine critically a specific theory of leadership in the following terms: (1) Summarize
and define Maslow's theory of personal needs. (2) Identify a specific theory of leadership
that utilizes Maslow's theory. How does this leadership theory integrate Maslow's work
into a comprehensive framework of leader-follower relationships? Provide sufficient
details in your articulation of Maslowian theory and leadership theory. (3) Criticize the
adequacy of the leadership theory and Maslowian theory for educational administrators
who face the practical demands of sustaining and improving performance in their
organizations.
4.
Develop a conceptual framework of educational administration and leadership in which
power is the primary term. (1) Define power and other derivative terms that are essential
for understanding the organizational dynamics of schools, colleges and universities. Be
sure to cite at lease two major scholarly sources on the nature of power in complex
organizations. (2) Describe organizational patterns of action in which power (and key
derivative terms) are related to the activities of management and leadership. (3) Discuss
the practical implications of your theory of power for the management of change on
behalf of enhanced performance of the school, or college and university.
5.
In the past decade much has been written about the distinction between leadership and
management. Write an essay on these two global terms according to the following issues:
(1) Summarize the line of reasoning that distinguishes leadership and management. Be
sure to identify and define key terms in your presentation. (2) Some authors have implied
that leadership is more important than management. Present the line of reasoning that
implies the superiority of leadership and refute it. (3) Present a counter argument that
management and leadership are equally important in the administration of an educational
organization in the late 20th century. Support your essay with appropriate scholarly
literature.
6.
Two leading models of micro leadership are Hersey and Blanchard's situational approach
and Blake and Mouton's 9,9 managerial grid. (1) Summarize and define Hersey and
Blanchard's situational leadership model. (2) Criticize the situational leadership model in
terms of: (a) strengths and (b) weaknesses. (3) Summarize Blake and Mouton's 9,9
managerial grid model. (4) Criticize the 9,9 grid model in terms of (a) its strengths and
its weaknesses. (5) Compare and contrast the two models: (a) How are they similar (b)
How are they different? © Which model do you prefer? (6) Select one of the models
(either Hersey and Blanchard or Blake and Mouton) and demonstrate its usefulness in an
organization of your choice.
(b)
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7.
Summarize the theory of charismatic leadership. Identity the essential features of
charismatic leadership. (2) How is charismatic leadership related to the culture of
organizations and society (3) Apply the theory of charismatic leadership to a specific
example of a charismatic leader and followers in the United States today. Be sure to
identify and discuss elements of culture in the organization and society.
8.
Develop the ideas of transactional and transformational leadership in the following terms:
(1) Summarize the main features of transactional leadership. (2) Criticize transactional
leadership in terms of its capacity to meet the human needs of leaders and followers. (3)
Summarize the main features of transformational leadership. (4) Criticize
transformational leadership in terms of its capacity to meet the human needs of leaders
and followers. (5) Describe examples of successful leadership in the United States in
which the leader followed: (a) transactional leadership principles and (b) transformational
leadership principles.
9.
Summarize Maslow's theory of human needs. Identify the essential features of his theory.
Then (1) develop Hersey and Blanchard's argument for using Maslow's theory in the
situational leadership model. (2) Criticize Hersey and Blanchard's application of
Maslow's theory of human needs. How sound is Hersey and Blanchard's position? (3)
Develop Bass' argument for using Maslow's theory in transformational leadership. (4)
Criticize Bass' application of Maslow's theory of human needs. How sound is Bass'
position? (5) Does Maslow's idea of human needs make sense to you as a leader in the
late 20th century? According to Hersey and Blanchard? According to Bass? According to
neither?
10.
Develop the basic ideas of leader-follower relationships that rely on the key concepts of
power, authority and influence. Also make a reference to other concepts that are derived
from these three key concepts. Apply the concepts of power, authority and influence to an
organization of your choice. Develop your case study with clear examples of
leader-follower relationships. (3) How can the appropriate application of these key
concepts help to improve the effectiveness of your organization? Be sure to specify what
you mean by effective.
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11.
Many scholars who study organizations have identified an important distinction between
management and leadership. Examine this issue in the following terms: (1) Present a clear
summary of the distinction between management and leadership. Be sure to identify at
least three scholarly sources that have developed this distinction. (2) Present and examine
critically two arguments: (a) Leadership is more important than management;
(b) Leadership and management are equally important. (3) Apply the concepts of
management and leadership to an organization of your choice. Demonstrate how the
application of these concepts can help your organization be more effective. Be sure to
specify what you mean by effective.
12.
Summarize the theory of servant leadership. Identify the essential features of servant
leadership. (2) How is servant leadership related to the culture of organizations and
society? (3) Apply the theory of charismatic leadership to a specific example of a servant
leader and followers in the United States today. Be sure to identify and discuss elements
of culture in the organization and society.
13.
An educational organization is facing serious morale problems. The veteran faculty are
entrenched in their own personal ideas about teaching. No one seems concerned about the
mediocre academic achievement of students. Most faculty discussions focus on
complaints about central administration and the inadequacies of the current generation of
students. Yet, faculty seem indifferent about doing anything to improve the quality of
instruction in their schools. You have been appointed as the new chief administrator in
this educational organization, and you realize that a systematic leadership strategy is
needed. You are considering two models: Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid or Hersey
and Blanchard's Situational Leadership. Develop a leadership strategy from theory to
action in the following terms: (1) Present a comprehensive summary of both leadership
models. (2) Present some of the crucial strengths and weakness for each model. (3) Select
one of the two leadership models of your choice. Now develop a series of specific
leadership strategies consistent with the model that lead to higher faculty morale and
improved academic achievement of students. (4) What are some of the difficulties you
might expect to encounter as you implement your proposed leadership strategy?
14.
One of the most enduring explanations related to a leader's effectiveness has been related
to "trait theory." Though various theorists such as Hersey and Blanchard and Stogdill
have challenged the simplistic nature of trait theory, there has been a recent renewed
interest in the idea that successful leaders have particular traits. (1) Identify the early
thoughts in regard to trait theory. (2) Identify the progression of thinking (nature of
followers, characteristics of the situation, relationship-centered versus task-oriented
leader behavior). (3) Are there inherent characteristics which contribute to a leader's
effectiveness?
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15.
Organizational theorists accept that there are a number of conceptual frames with which
organizations can be analyzed. One such perspective identifies four frames: structural or
bureaucratic; human relations or human resources; political; and cultural or symbolic. It
has been noted that structural and human resources frames are regarded as rational, and
political and symbolic frames are regarded as nonrational. (I ) Select one of the two
rational frames and one of the two nonrational frames. Identify and examine critically the
theoretical, research, and policy evidence which suggests that the frame is either rational
or nonrational. (2) What are the strengths of these two frames as analytical tools for
examining educational institutions as organizations? (3) What are the weaknesses and
limitations of these two frames as analytical tools for examining educational institutions
as organizations?
16.
Warren Bennis has spoken of "the artform of leadership" and has expressed his belief that
leadership (within a context of organizational factors) is a major component in an
organization's ability to "translate intention into reality and sustain it." In his study of
effective CEOs he has identified the following four competencies: (a) vision; (b)
communication and alignment; © persistence, consistency, focus and (d) empowerment.
Develop the basic ideas of leader-follower relationships that rely on these four
competencies. Also make a reference to other concepts that are derived from these four
competencies. Apply Bennis' line of thinking to an organization of your choice. Develop
your case study with clear examples of leader-follower relationships. How can these
competencies improve the effectiveness of your organization? Be sure to specify what
you mean by effective?
17.
In the history of organizational analysis, the literature is filled with arguments about the
"one best way" to manage organizations. This singular approach to organizational
analysis was especially prevalent during the development of scientific management and
bureaucracy and during the development of the human resources frame. More recently,
organizational theorists generally have abandoned the "one best way" of management in
favor of approaches which are described as contingency" or "situational" in approach. (1)
Provide a comprehensive definition of contingency or situational management theory. In
your response, feel free to cite multiple authors, references and approaches. (2) Identify a
hypothetical situation in an organization setting (K-12 Higher Education) for which
contingency or situational management theory is appropriate. Illustrate the relationship
between theory and practice for contingency or situational theory.
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TENTATIVE CLASS SCHEDULE
January
February
March
April
10
Introduction, Overview, Requirements
Leadership Styles and Roles
24
Part 1 - The Crisis of Leadership
Part 2 - What is Leadership?
Activity (Win-Win)
31
Part 3 - Historical Views of Leadership
Part 4 - Modern views of Leadership
Part 13- Practicing Moral Leadership
7
Research
14
Part 5 -The Leader
Part 6 - The Followers
Part 7 - Leaders and Followers Together
21
Part 8 - The Leadership Environment
Part 11 - The Skills of a Leader
28
Part 9 - Leading Individuals
Part 10 - Leading Groups
Part 12 - Leadership in Practice
7
Reviews of Literature
21
Book Analysis I and Discussion
28
Book Analysis I and Discussion
4
Book Analysis II and Discussion
11
Book Analysis II and Discussion
18
Final Examination