Africa Post 1945 Picture Notes
[10 points]
name __________________
(see chapter 33 part1 essay #4)
This page corresponds to the 1945-2000 Section 6 Notes
Africa 1870
Note: Enlarge the maps to 200%
Colonial Africa by 1914: Africa Today
The Scramble for Africa
(1880s to 1914)
Colonization limited to coasts.
Only Liberia and Ethiopia
remained independent
Which conference partitioned
Africa? Who led it?
What caused Pan-African
nationalism?
Review chapter 32 HW & leaders:
Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. duBois (U.S.
thinkersPan African ideals);
Kwame Nkrumah, Jomo Kenyatta
I) African Independence Movements and Pan Africanism
> When did African nationalism emerge?
In which decade did most African nations achieve independence?
What effect did WWII have on Europe?
> Which United Nations (UN) principal encouraged nationalism?
II) Ghana:
Kwame Nkrumah
Who led Ghana’s independence movement? When did Ghana gain
independence?
What did Nkrumah demand?
What did he do? How did the British respond?
How did he become Ghana’s ruler?
Trouble between tribal chiefs and nationalist leaders developed.
III) Nigeria: Independence 1960
Southern region of Biafra tries to
break awaycivil war and starvation 1) What did tribal chiefs want?
2) What did nationalist leaders want?
3) How many Biafrans died in the Nigerian civil war?
4) What is Nigeria’s main natural resource?
5) Which industries developed after WWII?
IV) Kenya & Jomo Kenyatta:
Independence 1963
> Who was Kenya’s nationalist leader? When?
>What did Kenyatta challenge?
> Which radical group killed white farmers?
> In the 1950s despite weak evidence linking Kenyatta to the Mau Mau,
what happened to Kenyatta?
> When was Kenyatta released from jail?
Facing Mount Kenya
Result: Kenyatta’s rule
Economic prosperity for
20 years.
> When did he become president?
impact of his rule?
What was the main economic
V) South Africa: Nelson Mandela and the fall of Apartheid in South Africa
Mandela in prison:
1960s
President Mandela:
1990s
Sharpesville Massacre:
1960
Bantustans: impoverished
homelands
Where were men forced
(conscripted) to work?
> When was Apartheid created? Why?
> What happened to Blacks who didn’t carry passbooks?
> Where were Blacks assigned to live?
> What is the ANC? When was it established?
> How many died in the Sharpesville massacre?
What was Mandela’s response? (Contrast
his response to Gandhi’s after the Amritsar Massacre).
> Why was Mandela sent to jail?
How many years was he in jail?
> One reason Mandela was freed was that the U.S. put economic sanctions on South Africa.
(We quit buying gold and diamonds).
> What happened in 1991?
> What did Mandela help write in 1993?
> What happened in 1994?
VI) Problems and Key Concepts in Africa Since Gaining Independence
1) Why did the Cold War cause instability in Africa?
2) What is the OAU, and what is its purpose?
3) Why did Africa’s cultural diversity serve as a barrier to unity?
4) In the Sudan, Arab Muslims persecuted Christians and polytheists. (google Darfur genocide).
5) Why did many African governments and leaders turn to one-party rule?
6) When ineffective governments couldn’t control their citizens, what often happened?
7) Who was the evil leader of Uganda? What did he do?
8) Why did many African nations prefer socialism over capitalism?
9) In the 1970s and 1980s, prolonged ____________ led to ________________.
10) Environmental issue: What is desertification and what causes it?
11) Environmental issue: What is deforestation and why has it happened?
12) What is one negative effect of deforestation?
13) AIDS. Which countries have been particularly hard hit by the AIDS epidemic? How many
die each year?
14) Genocide in Rwanda. (See Hotel Rwanda)
> Rwanda had been a colony of which European power?
> Who were the minority tribe?
Who were the majority tribe?
> What happened in 1994? Who did the Hutu blame? What did the Hutu do? (Note:
Rwandan citizens had to carry tribal identity cards).
> How many died due to this genocide?
> Evaluate the United Nations’ response to this situation and the ethnic cleansing in Bosnia
(break up of Yugoslavia 1990s).
Closure: Be able to explain the causes and effects for the leaders, terms and events listed below.
> Pan-African nationalism
> Apartheid
> Cold War instability
> Kwame Nkrumah
> Nelson Mandela & the ANC >OAU
> Nigerian civil war 1960s
>Sharpesville Massacre
> ethnic rivalries (tribalism)
> Nigeria’s economic growth
> Bantustans
many civil wars
> Jomo Kenyatta
> South Africa’s new constitu- > one party rule
> Mau Mau
tionmulti-racial democracy > socialism or capitalism?
> Deforestation, desertification,
drought, famine, genocide, AIDS
Images
Cold War in Africa
Idi Amin: genocidal
dictator of Uganda
Darfur region of Sudan
100,000s died in brutal
massacresyears of
instability and poverty
Deforestation in
Africa
Deforestation in Africa
Desertification in Africa
Be able to explain the causes and
effects of deforestation and
desertification in Africa.
AIDS EPIDEMIC
Be able to explain the causes and effects of
AIDS in Africa. Which social customs and
gender role issues are involved?
Rwanda Genocide: Machetes used
in the massacre of Tutsis
Watch the movie Hotel Rwanda. Don Cheadle plays the role of a
heroic Hutu hotel manager who is married to a Tutsi.