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Kagan Chapter 28 Study Guide: Europe and the Great Depression of the 1930s
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1. Normalcy
2. Weimar Republic
3. Stock Market Crash of 1929
4. Great Depression
5. National Government, Ramsay
MacDonald
6. Sinn Fein
7. Popular Front, Léon Blum
8. Checha
9. War Communism
10. New Economic Policy (NEP)
11. Third International (Comintern)
12. 5-year plans
13. Gosplan
14. Collectivization of agriculture/Kulaks
15. Great Purges
16. Fascism
17. Benito Mussolini (Il Duce)
18. Black Shirts
19. Invasion/Occupation of the Ruhr
20. Adolph Hitler
21. National Socialist Workers Party
(Nazis)
22. SA (Sturm Abteilung)
23. Beer Hall Putsch
24. Mein Kampf
25. Gustav Stresemann
26. President Paul von Hindenburg
27. Article 48, Weimar constitution
28. Leni Riefenstahl, Triumph of the Will
29. Reichstag Fire
30. Enabling Act
31. Fuhrer
32. SS (Schutzstaffel), Heinrich Himmler
33. Nuremburg Laws (1935)
34. Kristallnacht (1938)
35. Swastika
36. Herman Göring
Toward the Great Depression (p.966)
1. What three factors brought about intense severity and extended the length of the Great Depression?
The Financial Tailspin: Reparations and War Debts (p. 966)
2. How did the payment of reparations and war debts worsen the financial situation in Europe?
The Financial Tailspin: American Investments (p. 966)
3. How did the Stock Market Crash of 1929 in New York adversely affect the European economy?
The Financial Tailspin: The End of Reparations (p. 966-967)
4. What was the reason for and outcome of the Lausanne Conference?
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Problems in Agriculture (p. 967-968)
5. How did improvements in farming efficiency and crop yields actually HARM small farmers in
Europe?
6. What new political party received massive support from German farmers?
Depression and Government Policy (p. 968)
7. Explain the role of government in the economy in the 1930s.
Confronting the Great Depression in the Democracies
Great Britain: The National Government (p. 968-970)
8. Describe Ramsey MacDonald’s coalition of National Government in Britain.
France: The Popular Front: Right-Wing Violence (p. 970-972)
9. What impact did right-wing leagues have on French politics?
10. Summarize the Stavisky affair and its impact on the Third Republic.
France: The Popular Front: Emergence of Socialist-Communist Cooperation (p. 972)
11. What was the Popular Front in France? Why did they choose to cooperate?
France: The Popular Front: Blum’s Government (p. 972-973)
12. What reforms were the Popular Front able to introduce?
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Germany: The Nazi Seizure of Power
Depression and Political Deadlock (p. 973)
13. What was the Weimar Republic?
14. Why was Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution later considered a fatal flaw?
15. Summarize the Nazi rise to power.
16. What was the SA? (Sturmabteilung) aka The Brown Shirts
Hitler Comes to Power (p. 973-976)
17. Why did Hindenburg and other conservatives wish Hitler to join them in a governing coalition?
18. What was Hitler’s demand in joining such a coalition? When did he get it?
Hitler’s Consolidation of Power (p. 976-977)
19. What were the THREE essential steps in Hitler’s consolidation of power?
20. How were the Reichstag fire and the death of Hindenburg exploited by Hitler?
21. What was the Enabling Act?
22. Why did Hitler ban or imprison all political opposition to him?
23. How did Hitler gain personal control of the SA in 1934?
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The Police State and Anti-Semitism (p. 977-978)
24. What was the SS (Schutzstaffel)? Who was Heinrich Himmler?
25. How was Nazi Anti-Semitism different from older forms of Anti-Semitism?
26. What was the point of the Nuremburg Laws (1935)?
27. What happened during Kristallnacht (1938)?
Nazi Economic Policy (p. 978-981)
28. Describe Nazi economic policy.
29. How as Hitler able to Germany to full employment even during the Great Depression?
30. When did Hitler officially repudiate the military provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?
31. What was Herman Göring’s task in the new Nazi regime?
Italy: Fascist Economics
Syndicates (p. 981)
32. Describe the policy of corporatism.
Corporations (p. 981-982)
33. Describe the development of corporations and the corporate state.
34. What was the impact of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction?
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The Soviet Union: Central Economic Planning and Party Purges
The Decision for Rapid Industrialization (p. 982-984)
35. What did Stalin mean by “socialism in one country”?
36. How did Stalin’s 5-year plans help usher in “Socialism in One Country”?
37. Though Gosplan did achieve rapid mass industrialization, what were some of its failings?
38. Explain the vast program of propaganda that the government and the Communist Party undertook.
What was the impact?
The Collectivization of Agriculture (p. 984-986)
39. Why did Stalin decide to collectivize agriculture?
40. What was collectivization?
41. What were some of the actions taken to resist collectivization?
42. What was the Stalinist regime’s response to such resistance?
43. What was the human cost of collectivization and the undeclared war on the kulaks?
Foreign Reactions and Repercussions (p. 986)
44. What shift did Stalin make in his foreign policy as a result of internal difficulties caused by
collectivization and industrialization?
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The Purges (p. 986-988)
45. Why did Stalin engage in the Great Purges of 1933 and onward?
46. What did Stalin gain in this process?
47. Why do you think Stalin engaged in highly publicized “show trials” against his supposed enemies?
48. Why do you think Stalin eventually got rid of all the “Old Bolsheviks”?
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