RESOURCES Disciplinary and Professional Writing & Writing Across the Curriculum Prepared by Virginia Draper, former Coordinator, Writing Across the Curriculum, U. of California, Santa Cruz Contents History, Theory, & Comprehensive Web Sites Pedagogy and Classroom Practices Campus-wide Programs (WAC, WID, CAC, ECAC) Research on Disciplinary and Professional Writing Style Manuals Writing Guides and Handouts Handbooks for Writing in Specific Fields and Disciplines These resources are not organized by disciplines, except in the HANDBOOK section. However, those who want to find resources related to specific disciplinary or departmental courses should be able to do so easily by scanning the annotations. Those interested in writing in graduate school will find some relevant references and links on the major Web sites. History, Theory, Comprehensive Web sites Bazerman, Charles and David R. Russell, eds. (1994). Landmark Essays on Writing Across the Curriculum. Davis, CA: Hermagoras Press. Noting that students must master specialized discourses if they want to participate in the “powerful activities and social roles that expertise confers in modern cultures,” the editors identify two goals of the writing across the curriculum movement: to make “the discursive activities [of the academy]…more accessible to nonexperts,” and to make academic discourses more available for “democratic scrutiny and dialogue” (xvi). The preface and introduction situate the writing across the curriculum movement in the western rhetorical tradition and in relation to the rise of specialized discourses in European and American societies. The twelve essays (all but one published since 1976) describe the 20 th century origins of the movement in the United States, institutional projects, classroom activities, and discipline-oriented research. For a succinct history of the writing-across-the-curriculum movement in the U.S. and its origins in the progressive movement and British Language Across the Curriculum movement, see David Russell’s essay, “American Origins of the Writingacross-the Curriculum Movement” (3-22). McLeod, Susan, E. Miraglia, M. Soven, and C. Thaiss. eds. WAC for the New Millennium. Urbana, Illinois: NCTE, 2001. This book testifies to the writing-across-the-curriculum movement’s commitment to improving undergraduate education, describes the diversity among programs, reviews recent advances in theory and research, and shows how those involved in writing across the curriculum programs can help higher education meet current challenges. Topics include the history and evolving theories of writing across the curriculum; writing centers and curriculum-based peer tutors; writing-intensive and linked courses; the results of naturalistic studies of students’ writing in higher education; challenges and ways of meeting the needs of increasingly diverse students (including bilingual students); program evaluation and ways WAC programs can assist departments in the “Age 2 of Accountability”; electronic communication; and service learning. The authors do not champion particular institutional or course models; rather they show how collaboration with others to meet the challenges and “massive change” higher education is facing has and can assure the quality of undergraduate education and support “effective teaching and student learning” (22). Foster, David & David R. Russell, eds. Writing and Learning in Cross-National Perspective: Transitions from Secondary to Higher Education. (2003). Urbana, Illinois: National Council of Teachers of English, This is the first book-length, cross-national comparison of students’ development as academic writers. Contributors describe ways students from China, England, France, Germany, Kenya, and South Africa “write their ways into the communities of their chosen disciplines,” and show how learning to write raises “issues of student authorship and agency, as well as larger issues of educational access, institutional power relations, system goals, and students’ roles in society” (from the cover blurb). As global communication increases and more students are attending higher education, comparisons among practices in these countries and those in the United States provide valuable new perspectives into the nature of and need for advanced literacies and for continued research. Russell, David R. Writing in the Academic Disciplines, 1870-1990. A Curricular History. (1991). Carbondale: Southern Illinois Press. In this illuminating history, Russell shows how American undergraduates’ writing (and learning) has been neglected by “largely tacit traditions” that ignore the rhetorical nature of academic discourses, that see writing as merely transcribed oral speech, and that reduce writing to a mechanical skill divorced from learning. Russell goes on to link current debates about the importance of writing for academic learning to curricular debates about who and what should be taught in higher education. By clarifying the philosophical foundations of these debates, Russell provides ways for teachers in higher education to think and talk about the relationships between writing, language, and learning more fruitfully and across specializations. Russell, David R. “Where do the Naturalistic Studies of WAC/WID Point? A Research Review” (2001). In McLeod, et al. WAC for the New Millennium. (2001). Urbana, Illinois: NCTE. Russell discusses the implications for undergraduate teaching and learning of more than one hundred recent (since 1990) naturalistic (rather than experimental) studies of writers and writing in general or liberal education, introductory and intermediate courses in the majors, graduate and internship education, and professional workplaces. He begins by noting that some experimental studies suggest that “writing does not automatically improve” either learning or thinking and that “[s]imple fact-based learning may be better achieved through other strategies” (259). However, if teachers want students to be able to think and communicate in more complex ways, teachers must abandon the idea that writing is “a single generalizable skill, learned once and for all at an early age,” and see writing as “a complex range of accomplishments, variously tied to myriad human practices” (260). Learning a new genre or kind of writing has four major aspects: learners must be motivated; they must be willing to assume the identity required by the rhetorical situation; they need to acquire the tools to succeed; and they need to understand and undertake the processes that contribute to the final product. He concludes that recent research suggests that if we want students to engage in “writing experiences that go beyond rote recall,” we need to ask more than “What do we want them to know?” We also need to ask “What do we want students to be able to do with the material of the course?” Teachers need to take into account that “the why, who, and how…are as important as the content—the what—in learning to write and writing to learn” (290). Villenueva, Victor. “The Politics of Literacy Across the Curriculum.” (2001). In McLeod, et al. WAC for the New Millennium. (2001). Urbana, Illinois: NCTE. Villenueva challenges those involved in writing across the curriculum to work more actively to reform pedagogy in order to avoid an assimilationist model of learning to write in the disciplines and to stop “reproducing a school system that has traditionally failed to educate the woman, the poor, or the person of color at the same rate of efficiency as others” (170). Among other things, he insists that students should not be required to “erase where they’ve been” as they learn the new ways of writing needed to get where “they wish to 3 go by way of the academy” (175). As writing specialists share their expertise about how to help students become better writers and learners, Villenueva suggests that they also draw upon the expertise of their colleagues in history, sociology, etc. to better “understand the social processes that could relegate such a large number [of students] to the trouble-heap: the poor and the racial or ethnic majority” (170). The WAC Clearinghouse: http://wac.colostate.edu/ This is the place to start for information on all aspects and kinds of written communication in the academic disciplines and professions, as well as theoretical perspectives and research. The WAC Clearinghouse has resources for teachers who use writing in their courses as well as five journals and four book series. The Resource list is in the lower right hand corner of the Home Web page. It includes WAC Links and Bibliography, WAC Programs and Consultants, Writing Fellows Programs, Theses and Dissertations, Research on WAC, An Introduction to WAC. The WAC Clearinghouse Bibliography: http://wac.colostate.edu/bib/index.cfm Nine useful annotated bibliographies selected by leaders in the field. Categories include Assessment, Curriculum and Lesson Planning; Electronic Communication Across the Curriculum; Faculty Development, Program Design and Development; Studies and Research Reports; WAC and Writing Centers; WAC History; WAC Theory. Pedagogy and Classroom Practices Bean, John C. (1996). Engaging Ideas: The Professor’s Guide to Integrating Writing, Critical Thinking, and Active Learning in the Classroom. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. This book is probably the one most recommended to teachers who want to engage students in active learning and critical thinking in their courses--both large lectures and small seminars. Bean has especially valuable suggestions about creating writing assignments that pose problems and provide students with the guidance and rhetorical situations they need to compose in various genres. Examples of assignments are from teachers in the Arts, Business, Humanities, Social Sciences, and Sciences. Bean provides a particularly useful analysis of the implicit roles students are asked to assume as writers, an analysis worth sharing with students. The book includes suggestions about why and how to ask for less formal kinds of writing (in lectures and in response to readings) and how to hold productive conferences. CAC Resources for Teachers. http://www.siu.edu/departments/cac/teachers.htm Developed by the Communications Across the Curriculum program at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, this web site has “dozens of handouts to help teachers and graduate assistants better implement communication and writing skills into their curriculum.” Topics include Learning to Write Continuum, Why Include Writing, Responding to Writing, Evaluating Writing, Uses of Academic Journal Writing, Teaching Note Taking, Knowledge Transfer and Composition, and Teaching for Active Learning. Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The Council of Writing Program Administrators Statement on Best Practices. http://www.ilstu.edu/~ddhesse/wpa/positions/WPAplagiarism.pdf According to its developers, "[t]his statement responds to the growing educational concerns about plagiarism in four ways: by defining plagiarism; by suggesting some of the causes of plagiarism; by proposing a set of responsibilities (for students, teachers, and administrators) to address the problem of plagiarism; and by recommending a set of practices for teaching and learning that can significantly reduce the likelihood of plagiarism. The statement is intended to provide helpful suggestions and clarifications so that instructors, administrators, and students can work together more effectively in support of excellence in teaching and learning.” 4 Hedengren, Beth Finch. (2004) A TA’s Guide to Teaching Writing In All Disciplines. Bedford/St. Martin’s Professional Resources. Bedford/St, Martin’s. Also see Web site: http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/ta_guide The Web site supporting A TA's Guide has a glossary of writing-related terms, sample grading rubrics, a brief overview of the writing process, annotated links to TA support sites on the Web, downloadable forms and worksheets, and information on how to use A TA's Guide in a TA training course. An Introduction to Writing Across the Curriculum http://wac.colostate.edu/intro/ Compiled by Kate Kiefer, Colorado State University, this web site is for teachers (and their teaching assistants) who are interested in including writing in their courses and helping students use writing to become more successful learners in their fields. Gives answers to questions teachers frequently ask: Why include writing in my courses? What kinds of writing can I include? What is writing to learn? What is writing in the disciplines? Do I have to be an expert in grammar? Do writing and peer review take up too much class time? How can I avoid getting lousy student papers? What makes a good writing assignment? How can I get the most out of peer-review? How can I handle papers? Why consider collaborative writing assignments? Professional Writing at Purdue. http://pw.english.purdue.edu/index.shtml The site has a wide range of resources and links to teacher resources, technical writing/publishing resources and online journals including The Writing Instructor. Teacher Resources from the Manoa Writing Program, University of Hawai’i http://mwp01.mwp.hawaii.edu/faculty_index.htm A set of succinct and helpful “tip sheets” based on this university’s extensive writing across the curriculum program in pdf downloadable form. Topics include Effective Writing Assignments, Handling the Paperload, Using Writing to Improve Reading, etc. Also includes syllabi for writing intensive course in many disciplines. Technical Writing: Resources For Teaching http://writing.eng.vt.edu/handbook/index.html For teachers of mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering, these resources were compiled by contributors from Virginia Tech, Univ. Illinois, Univ. Texas, and Georgia Tech. They include classroom exercises and presentation slides on designing writing assignments, interactive teaching, illustrating documents, and teaching style and form. University of Minnesota’s Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of Writing. http://cisw.cla.umn.edu/faculty/index.html Web site contains excellent information for teachers who want to integrate writing into existing courses. Topics include creating assignments, grading writing, and discipline-specific writing strategies. Writing Across the Curriculum Bibliographies http://www.uwm.edu/letsci/edison/wn.html Arranged by disciplines, these downloadable bibliographies were developed by Professor Peter Sands (University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee) to help teachers “to bring writing into your classroom in ways that support student learning, experimentation, and the mastery of disciplinary knowledge.” The bibliographies include descriptions of courses, practices, and classroom research in Africology, Anthropology, Art History, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Communication, Economics, Foreign Languages, General Science, Geosciences, History, Mass Communication, Mathematical Sciences, Philosophy, Physics, Psychology, and Sociology. Most entries have abstracts or annotations. This is a good place to find out about the professional journals on teaching in specific disciplines, e.g., Journal of Chemical Education, Journal of Economic Education, Teaching of Psychology, Teaching Sociology. Writing Across the Curriculum: Instructor Resources. The Ohio State University Center for the Study and Teaching of Writing. http://cstw.osu.edu/wac/wac_resources.htm 5 Has especially useful resources on collaborative learning and writing and annotated bibliographies of classroom research on the uses of writing to improve learning and communication arranged by disciplines. Disciplines include Accounting, American Studies, Economics, Education, History, Philosophy, Sociology, and Statistics. Writing Across the Curriculum George Mason University http://wac.gmu.edu/ Has a superb section entitled “Teaching with Writing,” as well as other resources including reports on their comprehensive assessment program. Young, Art. 2002. Teaching Writing Across the Curriculum, Third Edition. WAC Clearinghouse Landmark Publications in Writing Studies: http://wac.colostate.edu/books/young_teaching/ Originally published in print, 1999, by Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. From WAC Clearinghouse Web site: “Teaching Writing Across the Curriculum…provides a comprehensive, accessible discussion of teaching writing across the curriculum. Written by one of the leaders in the field of writing across the curriculum (WAC), it offers a brief introduction to WAC and then discusses how writing can be used to help students learn and communicate.” Art Young notes that “this book can serve as a guide to teachers who have been assigned or who have volunteered to teach a required 'writing-intensive' course in their discipline as well as to faculty who themselves decide to include student writing, whether occasionally or frequently, in their courses." This book would also be useful for teaching assistants. Campus-wide Programs: Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC), Writing in the Disciplines (WID), Communication Across the Curriculum (CAC), and Electronic Communication Across the Curriculum (ECAC) Assessing WAC/WID http://wac.gmu.edu/program/assessing/assessing.html Describes the comprehensive assessment of the WAC program at George Mason University, including “Assessing Student Writing Competence” in each major based on criteria developed by departments. Extremely valuable models. McLeod, Susan H., and Soven, Margot, eds. (2000). Writing Across the Curriculum: A Guide to Developing Programs. WAC Clearinghouse Landmark Publications in Writing Studies: http://wac.colostate.edu/aw/books/mcleod_soven/ Originally Published in Print, 1992, by Sage Publications, Newbury Park, California. From WAC Clearinghouse web site: “In 12 chapters, the contributors to this important collection discuss issues including program design, writing in the disciplines, writing to learn, writing-intensive courses, and the relationships among WAC programs, first-year writing programs, general education, and writing centers.” This book is particularly useful for program administrators and people who want a quick introduction to various aspects of first decade of the writing-across-the-curriculum movement. The book is available in whole and in part in PDF. The Manoa Writing Program, University of Hawaii http://mwp01.mwp.hawaii.edu/overview.htm Overview of this university’s writing intensive program including substantial and informative research and links to “Writing Matters,” handouts for instructors developed by program administrators. The National Network of Writing Across the Curriculum Programs (Elementary-University) http://wac.gmu.edu/national/network.html From the web site publisher: “The National Network is an informal community of more than 600 teachers and institutions at all levels of education. The Network produces an annually updated directory of members, each 6 entry including information about the listed programs. The purpose of the Network is to facilitate exchange of ideas and practices among member institutions. The National WAC Network site provides online resources and links to other sites.” Reiss, Donna, Dickie Selfe, and Art Young, eds. Electronic Communication Across the Curriculum. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1998. See Web site developed by Donna Reiss for resources for guidelines and tips on using electronic communication such as designing and assessing electronic discussions; http://www.wordsworth2.net/resource/ecac-writing/ecacindex.htm. Research on Disciplinary and Professional Writing Bazerman, Charles. 2000. Shaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and Activity of the Experimental Article in Science. WAC Clearinghouse Landmark Publications in Writing Studies: http://wac.colostate.edu/aw/books/bazerman_shaping/ Originally Published in Print, 1988, by University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. This book is available in whole and in part in Adobe Acrobat's Portable Document Format (PDF). From WAC Clearinghouse Web site: “In Shaping Written Knowledge, Charles Bazerman traces the history and character of the experimental article in science, calling attention to the social and rhetorical forces that shaped its development. Truly a landmark in writing studies, this book provides a broadly interdisciplinary exploration of an important genre and offers insights that extend far beyond its immediate focus of study.” Bazerman, Charles and David R. Russell, eds. (2003) Writing Selves/Writing Societies: Research from Activity Perspectives. Fort Collins, Colorado: The WAC Clearinghouse and Mind, Culture, and Activity. For html and PDF versions: http://wac.colostate.edu/books/selves_societies/ From the authors: “This collection brings together fourteen new empirical studies of writing as it is used in a range of activities—educational, workplace, civic, and personal. Our goal is to show the commonalties in research on writing and activity, and to spark interdisciplinary dialog among researchers who use activity approaches to writing.” Bazerman, Charles and James Paradis. (2004). Textual Dynamics of the Professions: Historical and Contemporary Studies of Writing in Professional Communities. WAC Clearinghouse Landmark Publications in Writing Studies: http://wac.colostate.edu/aw/books/bazerman_dynamics/ Originally Published in Print, 1991, by University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. From WAC Clearinghouse Web site: “In Textual Dynamics of the Profession, 15 essays examine the effects of texts on professional practices in academic, scientific, and business settings. Editors Charles Bazerman and James Paradis characterize ‘textual dynamics’ as an interaction in which professional texts and discourses are constructed by, and in turn construct, social practices. Lauded for its contribution to the field of rhetoric and composition, this landmark collection offers essays that make a significant contribution to the scholarship of professional discourse practices.” Style Manuals Resources for Documenting Sources: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_docsources.html Contains list of style manuals and websites for all academic disciplines including Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Law, Management, and Medicine. Williams, Joseph. Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace, 7th ed. (2002). Pearson Longman. ISBN 0321095170 http://www.ablongman.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0321095170-TOC,00.html 7 This book would be valuable for all academic and professional writers. Williams begins with an analysis of styles that fail to communicate clearly and then shows more effective ways of constructing and linking sentences to achieve clarity and grace. He explains the principles and ethics for developing reader-friendly styles and provides many helpful examples and plentiful exercises drawn from academic and professional prose. The book also includes an insightful analysis of correctness and excellent advice on punctuation. Ideal for an upper division writing course in any discipline, though instructors may want to focus on only a few chapters. Advanced and graduate students could work through most of this book on their own. Writing Guides and Handouts Handouts and Materials for Students and Teachers http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/ Over 200 handouts on a variety of topics related to writing. Six main sections: General Writing Concerns (Planning/Writing/Revising/Genres); English as a Second Language; Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation; Research and Documenting Sources; Professional Writing; Writing Across the Curriculum; Writing On and With the Internet. Writing Guides. http://writing.colostate.edu/references/ A rich set of guides for all aspects of academic and professional writing designed by the Writing Center at Colorado State University. Topics include Writing Processes, Types of Documents, Using Sources, Researching Sources, Speeches and Presentations, Using Graphics, Empirical Research, and Reading. Handbooks on Writing in Specific Disciplines Most handbooks are written by teachers of the disciplines, sometimes in collaboration with writing teachers. Instructors may want to require handbooks for their courses or keep ones on their shelves for reference. Desk copies can be ordered from the publisher. Below are some currently available handbooks with links to the publishers. ART, ART HISTORY, & VISUAL CULTURE Barnet, Sylvan. A Short Guide to Writing About Art. (2003). Longman. ISBN 0-321-10144-8. http://www.ablongman.com/ Bernstein, Mashey & George Yatchisin. Writing for the Visual Arts. (2001). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-022548-7. http://vig.prenhall.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0130225487,00.html Sayre, Henry. Writing About Art, 4th ed. (2002) Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-041614-2. http://vig.prenhall.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0130416142,00.html BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES McMillan, Victoria E. Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences, 3rd ed. (2001) Bedford/St. Martin’s. ISBN 0–312–25857–7. http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/book.asp?1124001875 Pechenik, Jan A. A Short Guide to Writing About Biology (2004). Longman. ISBN 0-321-15981-0. http://www.ablongman.com/ BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL WRITING Oliu, Walter, Charles T. Brusaw, Gerald J. Alred. Writing That Works (Communicating Effectively on the Job) 8th ed. (2004) Bedford/St. Martin's. 8 ISBN 0-312-40853-6. http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/book.asp?1149000253 CHEMISTRY Beall, Herbert & John Trimbur. A Short Guide to Writing about Chemistry. (2001). Longman. ISBN 0-321-07844-6. http://www.ablongman.com/ Kovac, Jeffrey & Donna Sherwood. Writing Across the Chemistry Curriculum: An Instructor's Handbook. (2001). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-029284-2. http://vig.prenhall.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0130292842,00.html ENGINEERING Hart, Hillary. Introduction to Engineering Communication (2005; est. Availability: 07/01/04) Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-146102-8. http://vig.prenhall.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0131461028,00.html FILM Corrigan, Timothy. A Short Guide to Writing About Film. (2004). Longman. ISBN 0-321-09665-7. http://www.ablongman.com/ HISTORY Marius, Richard A. & Melvin E. Page. A Short Guide to Writing About History. (2005). Longman. ISBN 0-321-22716-6. http://www.ablongman.com/ Rampolla, Mary Lynn. A Pocket Guide to Writing in History. (2004) Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-40357-7. http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/book.asp?1149000202 Storey, William Kelleher. Writing History: A Guide for Students. 2nd ed. (2003). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195166094. http://www.oup.com/us/ JOURNALISM The Missouri Group: Brian S. Brooks, George Kennedy, Daryl Moen, Don Ranly. News Reporting and Writing, 7th ed. (2002). Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-39699-6. http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/book.asp?1149000300 LEGAL RESEARCH AND WRITING Hames, Joanne Banker & Yvonne Ekern. (2000). Legal Research, Analysis, and Writing: An Integrated Approach. (2000) Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-244799-1. http://vig.prenhall.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0132447991,00.html LITERATURE Barnet, Sylvan & William E. Cain. A Short Guide to Writing About Literature. (2003). Longman. ISBN 0-321-10476-5. http://www.ablongman.com/ Gardner, Janet E. Writing About Literature (A Portable Guide) (2004). Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-41282-7. http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/book.asp?1149000281 Roberts, Edgar V. Writing About Literature, 10th edition. (2002) Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-097801-9. http://vig.prenhall.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0130978019-DS,00.html MUSIC 9 Bellman, Jonathan. A Short Guide to Writing About Music. (2000). Longman. ISBN 0-321-01577-0. http://www.ablongman.com/ Wingell, Richard. Writing About Music: An Introductory Guide, 3rd edition. (2002). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-040603-1. http://vig.prenhall.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0130406031,00.html NURSING RESEARCH Tornquist, Elizabeth M. From Proposal to Publication: An Informal Guide to Writing About Nursing Research. (1986). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-201-08012-5. http://vig.prenhall.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0201080125,00.html PHILOSOPHY Bedau, Hugo. Thinking and Writing about Philosophy. (2002). Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-39653-8. http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/book.asp?1149000097 Graybosch, Anthony J., Gregoy M. Scott, & Stephen M. Garrison. The Philosophy Student Writer's Manual, 2nd edition. (2003) Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-099166-X. http://vig.prenhall.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,013099166X,00.html PSYCHOLOGY Dunn, Dana. A Short Guide to Writing About Psychology. (2004). Longman. ISBN 0-321-09424-7. http://www.ablongman.com/ SCIENCE Porush, David. A Short Guide to Writing About Science. (1995). Longman. ISBN 0-06-500754-9. http://www.ablongman.com/ SOCIAL SCIENCE Cuba, Lee J. A Short Guide to Writing about Social Science. (2002). Longman. ISBN 0-321-07842-X. http://www.ablongman.com/ Hansen, Kristine. A Rhetoric for the Social Sciences: A Guide to Academic and Professional Communication. (1998). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-440272-3. http://vig.prenhall.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0134402723,00.html SOCIOLOGY Becker, Howard. Writing for Social Scientists. (1986). UChicago Press. ISBN 022604108. Sociology Writing Group (UCLA). A Guide to Writing Sociology Papers, 5th edition. (2001). Worth. ISBN 1572599510. TECHNICAL WRITING Alred, Gerald J., Charles T. Brusaw, & Walter Oliu. Handbook of Technical Writing (2003). Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 0–312–39323–7. http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/book.asp?2001003033