A&P
Respiratory System Notes
List the 7 functions of the respiratory system:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What are the organs of the respiratory system?
Nose:
• The 2 external openings are called _____________________.
• The internal portion of the nose has 2 openings that connect to the throat called
_______________________.
• The nose is divided into right and left internal parts by the __________________.
Functions of the Nose:
• Coarse hairs• ___________________- 3 shelves that extend out of the wall of the nasal cavity
to increase surface area for ____________________, __________________,
______________________.
• ________________________ line the cavity and conchae. These secrete mucus
that _______________________________.
• Above the conchae is the _____________________ which receives signals of
smell.
Pharynx and Larynx:
• Pharynx is also called the __________________- A tube that starts at the internal
nares and extends part way down the neck.
• A passageway for
____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
• Larynx is the __________________. It is a short passageway that connects the
_________________________________.
• What forms the anterior wall of the larynx?
•
What is the most superior part of the larynx? What does it do?
Voice Production:
• The mucous membrane of the larynx forms 2 pairs of folds:
________________________________________________________
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Respiratory System Notes
•
True vocal cords produce _________________. They are
_____________________ that are stretched between pieces of _______________.
They are also attached to ____________________ that pull the ligaments tightly
when contracted. What does contraction of these muscles cause to happen?
•
What causes the cords to vibrate and produce sound waves?
•
Males have ________________vocal cords due to
_________________________. These vibrate more slowly and produce a
_________________________.
Trachea:
•
•
•
•
•
_______________________- Air passageway anterior to the esophagus
Extends from the _________________________________________________
Wall is lined with ___________________________________
_________________________ also line the wall-move mucus up the trachea
Supported by ____________________- 16 to 20 ___________________ rings of
hyaline cartilage stacked on top of another. Why do these rings only cover the
anterior portion of the trachea?
What are 3 ways to deal with a trachea obstruction?
1.
2.
3.
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Respiratory System Notes
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Respiratory System Notes
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Respiratory System Notes
Bronchi:
• What are bronchi?
•
•
•
The right bronchus is _____________________________________ than the left.
As a result, foreign objects are more likely to enter and lodge in the right
bronchus than in the left.
Bronchi contain _________________________________________________.
Bronchi branch into smaller _____________________, which do not contain
_____________________ but are lined with more _____________________ for
support.
Asthma:
• What is asthma?
•
What are the triggers of asthma?
•
Triggers cause the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles to ________________,
the mucous membranes to ______________, increased ____________________
or damage to the __________________________.
What are asthma symptoms?
•
Lungs:
• Lungs are covered directly with ___________________ and the lung cavity is
lined with _________________.
• What is pleurisy?
•
•
The narrow top of each lung is the __________. The broad bottom is the
_______. The area on the medial side through which bronchi enter is called the
________.
The right lung has __ lobes and the left lung has ____ lobes. The left lung has a
concavity where the heart lies- called the __________________.
Alveoli:
• The airways dead-end with thin air sacs called _____________.
• Associated with alveoli walls are ________________ which
___________________________________________.
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Respiratory System Notes
•
Capillaries surround the alveoli and allow for
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________.
Lung Volume:
• Normal quiet breathing is called ________________.
• At rest, a healthy adult takes ________ breaths a minute.
• The volume of one breath is called ___________________.
• ________________________ is the total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each
minute.
• MV=12 breaths/min X 500 mL/breath
= 6 liters/min
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Respiratory System Notes
4 Events of Respiration:
• The 4 basic events of respiration are: _____________________,
___________________, ______________________, and
_______________________________.
1. VentilationThis occurs due to differences in ___________________ between the
___________________ and the ____________________.
- Inhalation- ________________________- occurs when the
_____________________________ is greater than the ___________________________.
•
Thoracic air pressure decreases and inhalation occurs due to:
•
•
•
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Respiratory System Notes
•
Exhalation- ___________________________- occurs when the
____________________________________ is greater than the
_______________________________________. This pressure difference is due
to:
•
•
2. External Respiration•
External Respiration is the exchange of ________________________ between
the air in the _____________________and the blood in the
____________________________________________________.
3. Internal Respiration•
•
Internal Respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood in the
__________________ and the ___________________________.
What causes these gases to be exchanged?
• Diffusion•
•
_______________ moves from the alveoli (______________________) to
the capillaries (______________________)
_______________moves from the capillaries (____________________)
to the alveoli (___________________)
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Respiratory System Notes
4. Transport of Respiratory Gases•
Oxygen does not dissolve well in water. Therefore, only ________ of oxygen
dissolves in ____________. Most of it is carried by
___________________________________.
•
About _______ of carbon dioxide dissolves in plasma. About ______ binds with
______________________. About ________ of carbon dioxide is transported in
the bloodstream as _______________________________.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning:
What are the characteristics of carbon monoxide?
Why is it dangerous to inhale carbon monoxide?
Control of Respiration:
• At rest, _______ of oxygen are used by the body’s cells each minute. Of course,
this need is increased during exercise.
•
What is the respiratory center?
The 3 parts to the brain stem include the
________________________________________________________________.
What are the 3 areas the respiratory center and what are their functions?
1.
2.
3.
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Respiratory System Notes
What are other respiration influences?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What are 4 changes to the respiratory system as we age?
1.
2.
3.
4.