HES 2823
Introductory Nutrition
Exam 2
Name __________________
March 24, 2011
Multiple Choice. Choose the one BEST answer for each of the following, based on class discussion. 2 points each.
1.What was your instructor’s opinion of the success of drug therapy for weight loss?
a.
b.
c.
d.
there are several drugs in development now that have been promising in clinical trials
since about 100 genes, and therefore proteins, are involved in weight, successful drug therapy is
unlikely
with the completion of the Human Genome Project, we have now identified the genes responsible for
weight gain, so successful drug therapy is inevitable
drugs have so many side effects that they cannot be recommended for anyone
2. What did we conclude was the primary problem with fast food and obesity development?
a.
b.
c.
d.
they encourage overconsumption by offering large portions
the foods are almost all high fat, so high calorie
the foods are heavily processed, so contain chemicals that increase appetite
most now offer all you can eat “salad bars” that are really “salad dressing bars”
3. The primary benefit of eating breakfast regarding weight control is that eating breakfast
a.
b.
c.
d.
will increase basal metabolic rate for the rest of the day, so increase energy expenditure
will reduce appetite the rest of the day, so less will be eaten overall in a day
will increase the intake of fruit which is low calorie
will increase the intake of fiber, which slows digestion and reduces the glycemic index of the diet
4. Which of the following diseases did we discuss DOES NOT HAVE a clear link to obesity?
a) type 2 diabetes
b) lung cancer
c) heart disease
d) breast cancer
5. Wheat, which is part of the grains grouping of complementary proteins, is limiting in ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Phenylalanine
Methionine
Cysteine
Lysine
6. Which of the following combinations of foods is a good example of complementary proteins to meet essential
amino acid needs?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Peanut butter and jelly sandwich
Lima beans and lentils
Pasta and cornbread
Red beans and rice
7. Which of the following protein functions did we decide was the highest priority for the body to maintain?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Catalyze chemical reactions in the cell
Fight infection
Provide structure to lean tissues such as muscle
Transport cholesterol and triglyceride in the blood
8. Which of the following statements best describes how our body reacts to starvation?
a. The body breaks down its own proteins, first breaking down proteins in muscle, then progressing to
break down proteins in vital organs like heart and liver later as starvation continues
b. The body breaks down it own proteins, giving no priority to tissues such as heart or liver over muscle
c. There is a specific storage protein, found in the liver, which will be broken down initially before other
proteins are broken down
d. There is a special area of the cell, called the amino acid pool, where amino acids are temporarily stored,
these will be depleted first before any body proteins are broken down
9. What best describes your instructor’s impression of protein supplements for muscle gain?
a) if they are helpful, it is probably because they provide extra calories, not extra protein
b) they are a helpful dietary supplement for most of those who wish to gain muscle
c) they are a good value for your dollar in getting additional protein into your diet
d) most people who take them will suffer permanent kidney damage and suffer long-term health problems
from taking them
10.Which of the following strategies did your instructor feel would be successful in a weight management program?
a)maintaining a variety of foods in your diet
b)drinking 1 full glass of water before your meal
c)cutting the fat content of the diet to about 10% of calories, well below heart association recommendations
d)skipping lunch
11. To stay in good health, we would like to stay below what body mass index?
a) 15
b) 20
c) 25
d) 35
12. The incidence of overweight and obesity in the U.S. is now estimated at about ____% of the adult population.
a) 20
b) 35
c) 50
d) 68
13. About how many kcalories/d deficit should someone have for one week to lose one pound of fat?
a.
b.
c.
d.
250
500
750
1000
14. Why do we see an increase in BMR with overeating?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Increase in insulin secretion
Increase in glucagon secretion
Decrease in adrenaline secretion
Increase in thyroid hormone secretion
15. Urea is filtered from the blood by the ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
kidney
blood
liver
brain
16. Define a limiting amino acid.
a. A protein that does not provide adequate amounts of all essential amino acids
b. The essential amino acid in an incomplete protein that limits protein synthesis
c. A nonessential amino acid that is the least provided compared to needs
d. The protein found in beans and grains
17. Which of the following would a vegetarian (eats no animal products) want to avoid, based on class discussion?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Jello
Thousand Island dressing
Cool Whip
Shortening
18. When is conversion of amino acids to glucose important?
a.
b.
c.
d.
whenever excessive protein is consumed
during starvation
when consuming a weight loss diet high in carbohydrate
whenever needs for protein synthesis have been met
19. Which of the following is NOT going to influence the thermic effect of food?
a.
b.
c.
d.
digestion
absorption
transport of nutrients
body size
20. What is the source of amino acids for the amino acid pool when the diet is devoid of protein?
a. all amino acids are synthesized from glucose
b. many, but not all, amino acids can be synthesized from fatty acids when protein is deficient
c. amino acid stores in the liver are mobilized to replenish the pool
d.body proteins are broken down to release amino acids for the pool
21. The caloric content of alcohol is ______ kcal/g.
a. 4
b. 5
c. 7
d. 9
22. If a food contains 15 grams of protein and 300 kcalories, what is the % protein in this food?
a.
b.
c.
d.
5
10
15
20
23. A protein with high net protein utilization is one which
a.
b.
c.
d.
has a high percentage of protein
has a limiting amino acid
has a high percentage of the protein consumed actually absorbed and enters the amino acid pool
has the essential amino acid composition that supports protein synthesis and is well digested
24. Which of the following is the limiting amino acid in legumes like pinto beans?
a.
b.
c.
d.
lysine
phenylalanine
methionine
glycine
25. Deamination of amino acids occurs
a.
b.
c.
d.
when amino acids are needed for protein synthesis
when amino acids are consumed in excess of need
when a nonessential amino acid is consumed
when a person is in positive nitrogen balance
26. Which of the following foods would have the highest net protein utilization?
a.
b.
c.
d.
whole wheat bread
whole milk
soybeans
eggs
27. Which of the following is NOT true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
BMR increases with overeating
females generally have a lower BMR than males
BMR usually increases as you get older
BMR is higher in someone with a high lean body mass
28. If a healthy adult eats excess protein
a.
b.
c.
d.
protein synthesis will be stimulated
nitrogen will be retained
net protein utilization will be altered
nitrogen balance will be maintained
29. What did we decide about breastfeeding?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Breastfed infants are not as likely to be overweight, but adults who were breastfed are just as
overweight as those not breastfed
Breastfed infants are just as overweight as those not breastfed
Because breast milk is high in cholesterol and fat, recent evidence suggests that breastfeeding increases
risk of overweight in infancy
Breastfed infants are less likely to be overweight or obese in adulthood
30. Which of the following sites of fat storage is most associated with an increase in heart disease risk?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Hips/buttocks
Chest
Abdomen
Neck
31. Nonexercise activity has been found to be important because of which of the following?
a. New techniques allow for accurate measurement of this component, and this has given people better
insight into their overall energy balance
b. New weight loss programs have found this component of overall energy expenditure to be very
important to encourage with clients to cause weight loss
c. Our ability to respond to overeating by increasing this component to prevent weight gain
d. It was recently discovered that this component is the largest component of energy expenditure, and
therefore is critical to overall energy balance
32. Which of the following parenting behaviors is likely to increase the LIKE for a food?
a.
b.
c.
d.
restricting access to a food
encouraging a child to eat a food
explaining the health benefits of a food
letting a child eat all they want of a food
33. Rule #7 of the Roy Rogers Riders Club encourages children to
a.
b.
c.
d.
eat their vegetables
clean their plate
drink their milk
do whatever their parents tell them to do at the dinner table
34. Which of the following activities did we conclude was helpful as a behavior modification technique in weight
loss?
a.undergo hypnosis by a professional
b. put quinine in a dessert item like ice cream just one time to cause aversion for that item
c. visit with someone who has had a heart attack and is obese to be confronted with health risks of obesity
d. keep a diet log of intake to increase awareness of actual food intake
35. Obesity rates increased dramatically between 1980 and 2000. The most critical issue, according to your
instructor, explaining this increase, is which of the following factors?
a.a reduction in breastfeeding
b. people are not eating breakfast as often
c. portion sizes have increased
d. video games became popular
36. What is your instructor’s feelings about marketing of food to children?
a.
b.
c.
d.
he is angry about the situation and hopes food companies will stop targeting children
he accepts that as the American way
he feels that parents are responsible, so marketing to children really has no impact on food choices
he realizes that children are more influenced by what is eaten at home, so it does not concern him
37. How did we define body mass index?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Ht in Inches/Wt in pounds
Wt in Pounds/(Ht in inches)2 X 703
Ht in Meters/Wt in kilograms
Wt in Kilograms/(Ht in meters)2 X 703
38. How did we define overweight in children? Using the body mass index-for-age charts
a.
b.
c.
d.
Greater than 60th percentile
Greater than 75th percentile
Greater than 85th percentile
Greater than 90th percentile
39. We discussed that the NCAA has what regulations regarding creatine?
a.
b.
c.
d.
it allows universities to purchase it for athletes
it is banned as a performance enhancer
it can be purchased by athletes and taken, but universities cannot provide it
the use of creatine is currently under review by the NCAA, but there is no restriction at this time
40. How did we define the set point for weight in class?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The body weight that we defend against change
The weight where we would have minimal health risk, our target weight
The weight that we achieve in early adulthood (early 20's) that we should maintain the rest of our life
The weight that causes us to crave food, so need to stay above that weight during weight loss
41. What is the leading cause of diabetes, especially Type 2, in the U.S.?
a.
b.
c.
d.
protein excess
high carbohydrate diets
high fat diets
obesity
42. The idea that throwing food away is immoral can be traced to
a.
b.
c.
d.
Early 1900’s when the Irish experienced the potato famine and their relatives in US talked about it
The USDA started a campaign linking food waste to feeding the starving during World War II
Immigrants from China were suffering from malnutrition when they arrived in NYC, and the
connection was made that wasting food was harmful to those entering US and starving
Religious groups during World War I tied wasting food to moral decisions
Given the circumstances described for the next three questions, predict which of the outcomes would be most likely
to occur.
43. A person has not eaten anything for a week.
a.
b.
c.
d.
body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool
amino acids are deaminated and stored as fat
amino acids are utilized for meeting all needs for protein synthesis
nitrogen balance is maintained since excretion of protein is stopped
44. A person is consuming a vegetarian diet with rice as the only protein source.
a.
b.
c.
d.
proteins are synthesized, but the limiting amino acid has been substituted for
essential amino acids are stored in the amino acid pool awaiting complete protein consumption
body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool
amino acids are utilized for meeting all needs for protein synthesis
45. A person is consuming a diet that is excessive in kcal, providing 30% of kcal as protein.
a.
b.
c.
d.
amino acids are deaminated and stored as fat
amino acids are utilized for synthesis of only the most critical proteins such as enzymes
body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool
excess amino acids are stored in the amino acid pool to be used the next day for protein synthesis
Short answer. Answer each question clearly and concisely based on class discussion.
46. (4 pts) We listed a number of functions of protein on the board, such as hormones like insulin that regulate
metabolism. Give me two other functions of proteins in the body.
47. (2 pts) We discussed the Keys starvation study and described two primary observations regarding the effects of
starvation, one effect is on basal metabolic rate and one is psychological (how we think). Give me either one of
these effects of starvation.
48. (2 pts) When we drew the amino acid pool on the board, we listed three uses of amino acids (for example an
amino acid being converted to another compound) that would require deamination. Give me one of those uses.
49. (2 pts) At what age (in years) did we recommend that trying to limit fat intake begin? In other words, at what
age do we BEGIN to implement the Healthy Heart Guidelines, so as not to overly restrict caloric intake in a child?