POLS 5324 (The Executive)
Dr. Dometrius
Office: Holden 13
Office Hours: 9:00-11:00 a.m. MW,
& by appointment or walk-in
Office Phone: 742-3036
Email: nelson.dometrius@ttu.edu
Web Page: http://www.webpages.ttu.edu/ndometri
COURSE PURPOSE
This course is on political executives -- those elected who also manage programs. The literature touching
on this topic is enormous. It is touched upon as well in courses on voting behavior, interest groups, the
legislature, comparative governments, bureaucratic politics, and more.
This course will focus primarily on the segment of that literature dealing with the American president,
though some readings are included touching upon comparative executives such as governors or prime ministers.
Even emphasizing the presidency the research issues and related literature are too vast for a single course.
Recognizing that not everything can be included this syllabus focuses on the most contemporary issues and
literature. Its purpose is to introduce students to this literature, to some important questions, to how scholars have
addressed those questions, and to provide the substantive exposure necessary for students to conduct their own
research in this area.
Expected Learning Outcomes:
1. Be able to professionally summarize the existing literature on questions dealing with executives.
Method of Assessment: Class participation and Literature reviews.
2. Be able to identify important theoretical and empirical issues in presidency research.
Method of Assessment: Class participation, Literature reviews, research project.
3. Conduct professional research on the executive.
Method of Assessment: Research project.
COURSE ACTIVITIES / EXPECTATIONS
Expectations
I expect Ph.D. students to behave as professional political scientists who are engaged in the acquisition
and creation of social scientific knowledge. As a result, students are required to fully participate in a professional
manner during class seminar discussions – i.e., fully read all of the assigned required readings for a given class
before we meet, and to be able to competently discuss this material within a classroom setting. A seminar where
students are not well prepared and willing to engage the material with one another is unacceptable graduate
student behavior that will not be approved by the instructor.
Although the class seminar discussions are a collaborative enterprise, written assignments will be done
independently by each student. Any part of a written assignment that is not your own work is forbidden.
Grades
Course grades will be based on 30% in-class participation, 30% literature reviews, and 40% a research
project. Each is described more fully below.
In-class participation
This is a graduate seminar on the executive. This means a number of things. First the format is
discussion, not lecture. Students must come to class having carefully read -- and carefully considered -- all of the
required readings for the week. Second, the class emphasis is not a survey of findings, but identifying our current
state of research and scholarly knowledge on the presidency as well as the researchable issues to be addressed.
Students need to approach the readings as a scholar would. What is the research question / purpose? What is the
theory / hypothesis being examined? How reliable is the evidence / research strategy presented by the author?
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What additional research would test or strengthen the argument? In sum, students are required to present
thoughtful professional critiques of each meeting’s readings. On most class days students will be asked to present
one or more of the assigned readings for that day.
Literature Reviews
At four times during the semester each student will turn in a review of the literature on a specific research theme
on executives. By specific theme, I don’t mean something broad, such as “presidential campaigns” but rather a
focused research tradition such as the role of priming in presidential campaigns.
The literature review should be similar to what you find in research articles. It should provide a history of the
research tradition – what work first raised the question and what important later works have contributed
information about the question. Identify the theoretical, data, statistical, or other contributions later works have
made and the answers each provided.
Each literature review should be approximately 15 pages and cover 10-15 important works. These should be
IMPORTANT works – those cited consistently by later scholars in the field, not just any 10-15 that you might
find. Fewer than half of the important works covered should be required readings on this syllabus and, to the
extent possible and consistent with the emphasis on important works, you should include items not mentioned in
either the required or supplementary sections of this syllabus. At the end of the literature review, and NOT
included in the page count, should be two bibliographies. One should include full citations for those covered in
your review. The second should include any other works that may be relevant but not include in your literature
review. Do not pad this second section. It should be a serious effort to identify important works you were not
able to cover. It’s length will differ depending on the topic chosen, but most should be more than only 2-3 works
but less than one page in length.
Topic Selection. Inform me of the topic for you literature review whenever you have selected one. Review the
topics of both required and supplementary articles cited in this syllabus and review the abstracts of those of
interest to you to identify topics for your literature reviews. Each topic you select should be drawn from a
substantially different body of literature. That is you should not have two or more topics all dealing with
presidential campaigning. Additionally no more than two students can select topics drawing from similar bodies
of literature. Also, topics should be drawn from themes addressed throughout the course, not just themes
addressed in the first few weeks of the course. Since the presidential literature is vast, themes in the literature not
covered in this course are acceptable.
When finished, you literature review should be emailed to me. It will also eventually be emailed to all other
students in the course. The literature reviews can serve as study resources when preparing for MA comprehensive
or PhD qualifying exams.
Research Project
The culmination of the course will be a 20-30 page research paper. This will be a typical research paper
entailing: identification of a research question of scholarly / theoretical (not applied) importance to our
understanding of the executive; reviewing the existing literature and identifying the knowledge gaps your research
should fill; stating hypotheses to be examined; describing why your data and methodological approach are
appropriate to test the hypotheses, doing the research, and presenting and interpreting your results. These papers
should be of sufficient professional quality as to comprise the basis of potential conference papers or publications
The topic of your research paper may, but does not have to, be same as the topic of one of your literature
reviews. If so, only a focused and condensed version of the literature review paper should appear in your research
paper. I do not want to spend the first 10 pages of your research paper merely rereading an earlier literature
review.
Students will provide the instructor an approximately 3-page summary of their proposed research paper
by the middle of the semester and be prepared to present their summary in class. No two students are to have the
same research paper topic. The final paper is not just a research design. You are expected to actually conduct
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some of the research and analysis described in your paper. I do not expect your actual research and analysis to
necessarily be completed by the end of the course but you should have done enough to demonstrate the viability
and utility of the proposed research and draw some tentative conclusions. Students will present their completed
research project to the class on the last class day. The final written version of the paper is to be submitted not
later than noon on Saturday, May 2.
STUDENT NEEDS
Any student who, because of a disabling condition, may require some special arrangements in order to
meet course requirements should contact the instructor as soon as possible to make necessary accommodations.
Students should present appropriate verification from Disable Student Services, Dean of Students Office. No
requirement exists that accommodations be made prior to completion of this approved University process.
Any student who may miss one or more days due to religious observances should inform the instructor at the
beginning of the course and discuss with him any accommodations may be necessary.
MISCELLANEOUS
All written assignments should be submitted typed, using standard 1 inch margins, double-spacing, and a 12 point
or smaller font.
All readings assigned for a class day are to be brought to class in printed form on that day. Bring the full version
of assigned chapters or articles, not just your notes on those items.
Sorry, but computers are not allowed during class meetings.
REQUIRED TEXTS AND READINGS
Neustadt, Richard E. 1990. Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents: The Politics of Leadership from
Roosevelt to Reagan. New York: The Free Press.
Barber, James David. 1992. Presidential Character: Predicting Performance In The White House (4th Edition).
Prentice Hall. (A slightly revised version of this work was also printed by Longman in 2008).
Rockman, Bert A. and Richard Waterman (eds). 2008. Presidential Leadership, the Vortex of Power. Oxford
University Press.
ARTICLES: The vast majority of required readings will consist of journal articles. Nearly all of them are
available electronically from the TTU library via either JSTOR or one of their other electronic services. The only
exception might be book chapters or articles published in 2008 or 2009. Any required items fitting into this latter
category will be available on the instructor’s web site whose address is listed at the top of this syllabus. Please
check the assigned readings early and let me know of any you cannot find.
JOURNAL ABBREVIATIONS:
APSR:
American Political Science Review
AJPS:
American Journal of Political Science
JOP:
Journal of Politics
PRQ:
Political Research Quarterly
NOTE ON READINGS:
The topical divisions in the schedule below are somewhat artificial as most readings touch on multiple
topics. The items could readily be duplicated under multiple topics (and some may be).
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Many of the readings are sequenced – a later article criticizing or expanding upon an earlier one. So it is
always best to read the material in the order I have listed it.
COURSE SCHEDULE
Jan. 14 – Some Classics on the Presidency
Neustadt – read the prefaces (both) and chapters 1-5.
Barber, chapters 1-9.
King, Gary. 1993. “The Methodology of Presidential Research,” in George C. Edwards III, John H. Kessel,
and Bert A Rockman (eds), Researching the Presidency. Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, pp.
387-414. A copy of this chapter will be available on the instructor’s web site.
Rockman and Waterman, chapters 11 & 12.
Supplements
The entire Edwards, Kessel, and Rockman book. If your primary field of study includes the presidency, this
book should be included in your permanent library.
Shaw, Greg M., Robert Y Shapiro, Lawrence R. Jacobs. 1996. "Searching Presidential Documents On-line:
Advantages and Limitations." PS September: 501-04.
Jan 21 – Presidential campaigning.
Krosnick, Jon A., and Donald R. Kinder. 1990. “Altering the Foundations of Support for the President
through Priming.” APSR 84 (June): 497-512.
Druckman, James N, Lawrence R. Jacobs, and Eric Ostermeier. 2004. “Candidate Strategies to Prime Issues
and Image.” JOP 66:4 (November): 1180-1202.
Petrocik, John R. 1996. “Issue Ownership in Presidential Elections, with a 1980 Case Study.” American
Journal of Political Science, 40:3 825-50.
Noah Kaplan, David K. Park, Travis N. Ridout. 2006. “Dialogue in American Political Campaigns? An
Examination of Issue Convergence in Candidate Television Advertising.” AJPS 50:3 (July): 724-736.
Wlezien, Christopher, and Robert S. Erikson. 2002. “The Timeline of Presidential Election Campaigns.”
Journal of Politics 64:969-993.
Thomas M. Holbrook, Scott D. McClurg. 2005. “The Mobilization of Core Supporters: Campaigns, Turnout,
and Electoral Composition in United States Presidential Elections.” AJPS 49:4 (October): 689-703.
Jonathan S. Krasno and Donald Green. 2008. “Do Televised Presidential Ads Increase Voter Turnout?
Evidence from a Natural Experiment.” JOP 70:1 (January): 245-61. 2008
Michael M. Franz, Paul Freedman, Ken Goldstein and Travis N. Ridout. 2008. “Understanding the Effect of
Political Advertising on Voter Turnout: A Response to Krasno and Green” JOP 70:1 (January): 262-68.
Jonathan S. Krasno and Donald Green . 2008. “Response to Franz, Freedman, Goldstein and Ridout” JOP
70:1 (January): 269-71.
Supplementary
Ferejohn, John and Randall Calvert. 1984. “Presidential Coattails in Historical Perspective.”
American Journal of Political Science 28:127-146
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Finkel, Steven E. 1993. “Re-examining the ‘Minimal Effects’ Model in Recent Presidential Campaigns.,”
JOP 55:1 1-21.
David F. Damore. 2004. “The Dynamics of Issue Ownership in Presidential Campaigns.” Political Research
Quarterly 57: 391-397.
D. Sunshine Hillygus. 2005. “Campaign Effects and the Dynamics of Turnout Intention in Election 2000.”
JOP 67:1 (February): 50-68
Kim L. Fridkin, Patrick J. Kenney, Sarah Allen Gershon, Karen Shafer, and Gina Serignese Woodall. 2007.
“Capturing the Power of a Campaign Event: The 2004 Presidential Debate in Tempe.” JOP 69:3
(August): 770-785
Lanoue, David J., and Peter R. Schrott. 1989. “The Effects of Primary Season Debates on Public Opinion.”
Political Behavior 11:3 289-306.
Druckman, James N. 2003. “The Power of Television Images: The First Kennedy-Nixon Debate Revisited.”
JOP 65:2 (May): 559-71.
Matthew A. Baum. 2005. “Talking the Vote: Why Presidential Candidates Hit the Talk Show Circuit.”
AJPS 49:2 (April): 213-234.
Petrocik, John R., William L. Benoit, and Glenn J. Hansen. 2003. “Issue Ownership and Presidential
Campaigning, 1952-2000.” PRQ 118:4 599-626.
Michael D. Martinez and Jeff Gill. 2005. "The Effects of Turnout on Partisan Outcomes in U.S. Presidential
Elections 1960-2000". JOP 67:4 (November): 1248-74.
Matthew Hoddie and Stephen R. Routh. 2004. “Predicting the Presidential Presence: Explaining Presidential
Midterm Elections Campaign Behavior.” Political Research Quarterly 57: 257-265.
Jennifer Wolak. 2006. “The Consequences of Presidential Battleground Strategies for Citizen Engagement.”
Political Research Quarterly, 59: 353-361.
Haynes, Audrey, Julianne F. Flowers, Paul-Henri Gurian. 2002. “Getting the Message Out: Candidate
Communication Strategy During the Invisible Primary.” PRQ 55:3 (September): 633-52.
Sigelman, Lee, and Emmett H. Buell, Jr. 2003. “You Take the High Road and I’ll Take the Low Road? The
Interplay of Attack Strategies and Tactics in Presidential Campaigns. JOP 65:2 (May): 518-31.
Herr, J. Paul. 2002. “The Impact of Campaign Appearances in the 1996 Election.” JOP. August.
Groseclose, Tim, and Nolan McCarty. 2001. “The Politics of Blame: Bargaining Before an Audience.”
AJPS 45, pp. 100-19.
James G. Gimpel, Karen M. Kaufmann, and Shanna Pearson-Merkowitz. 2007. “Battleground States versus
Blackout States: The Behavioral Implications of Modern Presidential Campaigns” JOP 69:3 (August):
786-97 .
Ansolabehere, Stephen D., and Shanto Iyengar. 1997. Going Negative: How Political Advertisements Shrink
and Polarize the Electorate. New York: The Free Press.
Flowers, Julianne F., Audrey A. Haynes, and Michael H. Crespin. 2003. “The Media, the Campaign, and the
Message.” AJPS. 47:2 (April): 259-73.
Sigelman, Lee, and Emmett H. Buell, Jr. 2004. “Avoidance or Engagement? Issue Convergence in U.S.
Presidential Campaigns, 1960-2000. AJPS. 48:4 (October): 650-61.
Ragsdale, Lyn. 1984. "The Politics of Presidential Speechmaking." APSR 78:971-84,
Jacobs, Lawrence R. and Robert Y. Shaprio. 1994. "Issues, Candidate Image, and Priming: The Use of
Private Polls in Kennedy's 1960 Presidential Campaign." APSR 88:527-40.
Cohen, Jeffrey E., Michael A. Krassa, and John A. Hamman. 1991. “The Impact of Presidential
Campaigning on Midterm U.S. Senate Elections.” APSR 85 (March): 165-78.
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Campbell, James E., and Joe A. Sumners. 1990. “Presidential Coattails in Senate Elections.” APSR 84
(June): 513-24.
Bruce, John M., John A. Clark, and John H. Kessel. 1991. “Advocacy Politics in Presidential Parties.”
APSR 85 (December): 1089-1106.
Tufte, Edward R. 1975. "Determinants of the Outcomes of Midterm Congressional Elections." APSR
69:812-26
Bartels, Larry M. 1987. "Candidate Choice and the Dynamics of the Presidential Nominating Process."
AJPS 31:1-30.
Sigelman, Lee and Paul J. Wahlbeck. 1997. "The 'Veepstakes': Strategic Choice in Presidential Running
Mate Selection." APSR 91:855-64.
Milkis, Sidney M. 1993. The President and the Parties: The Transformation of the American Party System
Since the New Deal. New York: Oxford University Press.
Simon, Dennis M., Charles W. Ostrom, Jr., and Robin F. Marra. 1991. "The President, Referendum Voting,
and Subnational Elections in the United States." APSR 85:1177-92.
Jan 28 – Executives and Public Approval, General
Kernell, Samuel. 1978. Explaining Presidential Popularity. How Ad Hoc Theorizing, Misplaced Emphasis,
and Insufficient Care in Measuring One's Variables Refuted Common Sense and Led Conventional
Wisdom Down the Path of Anomalies (pp. 506-522) APSR 72:2 (June): 506-22.
Gronke, Pau, and Brian Newman. 2003. Field Essay: FDR to Clinton, Meuller to ?: Regarding Presidential
Approval. PRQ 56:4 (December), 501-512.
Cohen, Jeffrey E. 1995. “Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda.” AJPS 39:1 87-107.
Baum, Matthew A., and Samuel Kernell. 1999 “Has Cable Ended the Golden Age of Presidential
Television?” APSR 93 (March): 99-114
Canes-Wrone, Brandice, and Kenneth W. Shotts. 2004. “The Conditional Nature of Presidential
Responsiveness to Public Opinion.” AJPS 48:4 (October): 690-706.
Garry Young and William B. Perkins. 2005. "Presidential Rhetoric, the Public Agenda, and the End of
Presidential Television's 'Golden Age'" JOP 67:4 (November): 1190-1205.
Supplementary
rd
Kernell, Samuel. 1997. Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership, 3 ed. Washington, D.C.:
Congressional Quarterly Press.
Mueller, John E. 1970. "Presidential Popularity from Truman to Johnson." APSR 64:18-34.
Newman, Brian. 2002. “Bill Clinton’s Approval Ratings: The More things Change, the More They Stay the
Same.” PRQ 44:5 (December): 781-804.
Cuzan, Alfred G., and Charles M. Bundrick. 1997. “Presidential Popularity in Central America: Parallels
with the United States.” PRQ. 50:4 (December): 833-49.
Adams, Greg D., and Peverill Squire. 2001. “A Note on the Dynamics and Idiosyncrasies of Gubernatorial
Popularity. State Politics and Policy Quarterly. 1:4 (Winter): 380-93.
Crew, Robert E., Jr., David Branham, Gregory R. Weiher, and Ethan Bernick. 2002 “Political Events in a
Model of Gubernatorial Approval.” State Politics and Policy Quarterly. 2:3 (Fall): 283-97.
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Brace, Paul, and Barbara Hinckley. 1991. "The Structure of Presidential Approval: Constraints Within and
Across Presidencies." JOP 53 (November): 993-1017
Edwards, George, William Mitchell, and Reed Welch. 1995. "Explaining Presidential Approval: The
Significance of Issue Salience." AJPS 39:108-34.
Markus, Gregory B. 1982. “Political Attitudes During an Election Year: A Report on the 1980 NES Panel
Study.” APSR 76 (September): 538-560.
Waterman, Richard C., Hank C. Jenkins-Smith, and Carol L. Silva. 1999. “The Expectations Gap Thesis:
Public Attitudes toward and Incumbent President.” JOP 61 (November): 944-66.
Jenkins-Smith, Hank C., Carol L. Silva, and Richard W. Waterman. 2005. “Micro- and Macrolevel Models
of the Presidential Expectations Gap.” Journal of Politics 67 (August): 690-715.
Krosnick, Jon A., and Laura A. Brannon. 1993. “The Impact of the Gulf War on the Ingredients of
Presidential Evaluations: Multidimensional Effects of Political Involvement.” APSR 87 (December):
963-75.
Edwards, George C., III, and Tami Swenson. 1997. “Who Rallies? The Anatomy of a Rally Event.” JOP 59
(February): 200-212.
Page, Benjamin I., and Richard A. Brody. 1972. “Policy Voting and the Electoral Process: The Vietnam
War Issue.” APSR 66 (September): 979-995.
Ostrom, Charles W., Jr., and Dennis M. Simon. 1985. "Promise and Performance: A Dynamic Model of
Presidential Popularity." APSR 79:334-58.
Jacobs, Lawrence R. 1992. “The Recoil Effect: Public Opinion and Policymaking in the U.S. and Britain.
Comparative Politics 24 (January): 199-217
Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1995. “The Rise of Presidential Polling: The Nixon White
House in Historical Perspective.” Public Opinion Quarterly 59 (Summer): 163-195.
Hill, Kim Quaile. 1998. "The Policy Agendas of the President and the Mass Public: A Research Validation
and Extension." AJPS 42:1328-34.
Feb. 4 – Executives and Public Approval, Economy.
Fiorina, Morris. 1978. “Economic Retrospective Voting in American National Elections: A MicroAnalysis.” AJPS 22:2 426-43.
MacKeuen, Michael B., Robert Erikson, and James Stimson. 1992. "Peasants or Bankers: The American
Electorate and the U.S. Economy." APSR 86:597-611.
Clarke, Harold D. and Marianne C. Stewart. 1994. “Prospections, Retrospections, and Rationality: The
‘Bankers’ Model of Presidential Approval Reconsidered.” American Journal of Political Science
38:1104-1123.
Atkeson, Lonna Rae, and Randall W. Partin. 1995. “Economic and Referendum Voting; A Comparison of
Gubernatorial and Senatorial Elections. APSR 89 (March): 99-107.
Carsey, Thomas M., and Gerald C. Wright. 1998. “State and National Factors in Gubernatorial and
Senatorial Elections. AJPS. 42:3 (July): 994-1002. AND Atkeson, Lonna Rae, and Randall W. Partin.
1998. “Economic and Referendum Voting and the Problem of Data Choice: A Reply.” AJPS. 42:3
(July): 1003-07.
Nadeau, Richard, and Michael. Lewis-Beck. 2001. “National Economic Voting in U.S. Presidential
Elections.” JOP 63:1 159-81
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Supplementary
Gregory E. Mcavoy. 2006. “Stability and Change: The Time Varying Impact of Economic and Foreign
Policy Evaluations on Presidential Approval.” Political Research Quarterly 2006 59: 71-83.
Rudolph, Thomas J. 2003. “Who’s Responsible for the Economy? The Formation and Consequences of
Responsibility Attributions.” AJPS. 47:4 (October): 698-713.
Orth, Deborah A. 2001. “Accountability in a Federal System: The Governor, the President, and Economic
Expectations.” State Politics and Policy Quarterly. 1:4 (Winter): 412-432.
Nadeau, Richard, Richard G. Niemi, David P. Fan, and Timothy Amato. 1999. “Elite Economic Forecasts,
Economic News, Mass Economic Judgments, and Presidential Approval.” JOP (February): 109-35.
Rudolph, Thomas J., and J. Tobin Grant. 2002. “An Attributional Model of Economic Voting: Evidence
from the 2000 Presidential Election. PRQ 44:5 (December): 805-24.
Rudolph, Thomas J. 2003. “Institutional Context and the Assignment of Political Responsibility.” JOP 65:1
(February): 190-215.
Hansen, Susan B. 1999. "Life is Not Fair: Governor's Job Performance Ratings and State Economies."
Political Research Quarterly (March), pp. 167-88.
Geoffrey Evans and Robert Andersen. 2006. “Political conditioning of economic perceptions.” JOP 68:1
(February): 194-207
Michael s Lewis-Beck. 2006. “Does economics still matter? Econometrics and the vote,” JOP 68:1
(February): 208-212.
Esbaugh-Soha, Matthew, and Jeffrey S. Peake. 2005. “Presidents and the Economic Agenda.” PRQ, 58:1
(March): 127-38.
Feb. 11 – Executives and the Media.
Dalton, Russell J., Paul A Beck, and Robert Huckfeldt. 1998. “Partisan Cues and the Media: Information
Flows in the 1992 Presidential Election.” APSR 92 (March): 111-29.
Edwards, George C. III, and B. Dan Wood. 1999. “Who Influences Whom? The President, Congress, and
the Media.” APSR (June): 327-344.
Miller, Joanne M., and Jon A. Krosnick. 2000. “News Media Impact on the Ingredients of Presidential
Evaluations: Politically Knowledgeable Citizens are Guided by a Trusted Source” AJPS 44 (April): 301315.
Matthew A. Baum. 2006. “The Oprah Effect: How Soft News Helps Inattentive Citizens Vote Consistently,”
Journal of Politics 68 (November): 946-59.
Markus Prior. 2005. “News vs. Entertainment: How Increasing Media Choice Widens Gaps in Political
Knowledge and Turnout,” American Journal of Political Science 49 (July): 577-592.
Gregory A. Huber and Kevin Arceneaux. 2007. “Identifying the Persuasive Effects of Presidential
Advertising.” AJPS 51:4 (October): 957-977.
Supplementary
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Shaw, Daron R. 1999. “The Effects of TV Ads and Candidates Appearances on Statewide Presidential
Votes, 198-96.” APSR 93:2 345-61.
Hetherington, Marc. J. 1996. “The Media’s Role in Forming Voter’s National Economic Evaluations in
1992.” AJPS 40 (May): 372-95.
Bartels, Larry M. 1993. “Messages Received: The Political Impact of Media Exposure.” APSR 87 (June)
267-85.
Shah, Dhavan V., Mark D. Watts, David Domke, David P. Fan, and Michael Fibison. 1999. “News
Coverage, Economic Cues, and the Public’s Presidential Preferences, 1984-1996.” JOP 61 (November):
914-43.
Ebring, Lutz, Edie N. Goldenberg, and Arthur H. Miller. 1980. “Front Page News and Real-World Cues: A
New Look at Agenda-Setting by the Media.” AJPS 24 (February): 16-49.
Wagner, Joseph. 1983. “Media Do Make a Difference: The Differential Impact of Mass Media in the 1976
Presidential Race.” AJPS 27 (August): 407-30.
Hallin, Daniel C.. 1984. “The Media, the War in Vietnam, and Political Support.” JOP 46 (February): 2-24.
Groeling, Tim, and Samuel Kernell. 1998. “Is Network News Coverage of the President Biased?” JOP 60
(November): 1063-87.
Brandon Rottinghaus. 2006. "Rethinking Presidential Responsiveness: The Public Presidency and Rhetorical
Congruency, 1953-2001." JOP 68:3 (August): 720-732.
Gilliam, Franklin D., and Shanto Iyengar. 2000. “Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television
News on the Viewing Public.” American Journal of Political Science 44:3 (July): 560-73.
Andrew W. Barrett. 2007. “Press Coverage of Legislative Appeals by the President.” Political Research
Quarterly 60: 655-668.
Ryan Lee Teten. 2007. "We the People": The "Modern" Rhetorical Popular Address of the Presidents during
the Founding Period.” Political Research Quarterly 60: 669-682.
Bailey, Michael, Lee Sigelman, and Clyde Wilcox. 2003. Presidential Persuasion on Social Issues: A Twoway street? PRQ, 56:1 (March): 49-58.
Scott L. Althaus and Young Mie Kim. 2006. “Priming Effects in Complex Information Environments:
Reassessing the Impact of News Discourse on Presidential Approval.” JOP 68:4 (November): 960-976.
Esbaugh-Soha, Matthew. 2003. “Presidential Press Conferences over Time.” AJPS. 47:348-53.
Feb. 18 – Executives: Institutions vs. persons.
FIRST LITERATURE REVIEW DUE ON OR BEFORE THIS DATE
Rockman and Waterman, Chapter 10
Hager, Gregory L. and Terry Sullivan. 1994. "President-centered and Presidency-centered Explanations of
Presidential Public Activity." AJPS 38:1079-1103.
Ragsdale, Lyn and John J. Theis. 1997. “The Institutionalization of the American Presidency, 1924-92."
AJPS 41:1280-1318. A classic, but more descriptive than most. Also long. Read as background for
other articles on this topic, but emphasize the more explanatory approach of other articles.
Dickinson, Matthew J., and Kathryn Dunn. 2002. “Explaining Increasing Turnover Rates Among
Presidential Advisors, 1929-1997.” JOP 64:2 (May): 434-48.
Matthew J. Dickinson and Matthew J. Lebo. 2007. "Reexamining the Growth of the Institutional Presidency,
1940-2000." JOP 69:1 (February): 206-19.
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Barth, Jay, and Margaret R. Ferguson. 2002. “American Governors and their Constituents: The Relationship
between Gubernatorial Personality and Public Approval. State Politics and Policy Quarterly. 2:3 (Fall):
268-82.
Supplementary
Krause, George A. 2002. “Separated Powers and Institutional Growth in the Presidential and Congressional
Branches: Distinguishing Between Short-Run versus Long-Run Dynamics. PRQ. 55:1 (March): 27-58.
Peterson, Mark A. 1992. "The Presidency and Organized Interests: White House Patterns of Group
Liaison." APSR 86:612-25.
Kessel, John. 1984. "The Structure of the Reagan White House." AJPS 28:231-58.
Kessel, John. 1983. "The Structure of the Carter White House." AJPS 27:431-63.
Hess, Stephen. 1988. Organizing the Presidency, 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
Campbell, Colin. 1986. Managing the Presidency: Carter, Reagan, and the Search for Executive Harmony.
Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Barber, James David. 1992. The Presidential Character: Predicting Performance in the White House.
Englewood Cliffs., N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
George, Alexander & Juliette George. 1956. Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House. New York, Day.
George, Alexander. 1974. "Assessing Presidential Character." World Politics 26:234-82.
Greenstein, Fred I. 1982. The Hidden-Hand Presidency : Eisenhower as Leader. New York : Basic Books.
Greenstein, Fred I. 1969. Personality and Politics; Problems of Evidence, Inference, and Conceptualization.
Chicago, Markham Pub. Co., Chapters 1 & 3.
Qualls, James . 1977. "Barber's Typological Analysis of Political Leaders. APSR 71:182-211.
Tucker, Robert. 1977. “The Georges” Wilson Reexamined: An Essay on Psychobiography.” APSR (June):
606-18.
Sabato, Larry. 1983. Goodbye to Good-Time Charlie: The American Governorship Transformed, 2nd ed.
Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press.
Feb. 25 – Legislatures, General
Canes-Wrone, Brandice. 2001. “The President’s Legislative Influence from Public Appeals.” AJPS 45
(April): 313-29.
Bond, Jon R., Richard Fleisher, and B. Dan Wood. 2003. “The Marginal and Time-Varying Effect of Public
Approval on Presidential Success in Congress.” JOP 65:1 (February): 92-110.
Gronke, Paul, Jeffrey Koch, and J. Matthew Wilson. 2003. “Follow the Leader? Presidential Approval,
Presidential Support, and Representatives’ Electoral Fortunes. JOP. 65:3 (August): 785-808.
David Peterson, Lawrence J. Grossback, James A. Stimson, and Amy Gangl. 2003. “Congressional
Response to Mandate Elections,” American Journal of Political Science 47 (2003): 411-426.
Lawrence J. Grossback, David A. M. Peterson, and James A. Stimson. 2005. “Comparing Competing
Theories on the Causes of Mandate Perceptions,” American Journal of Political Science 49 (April): 406419.
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Andrew W. Barrett and Matthew Eshbaugh-Soha. 2007. “Presidential Success on the Substance of
Legislation.” Political Research Quarterly 60:1 (March): 100-112.
Supplementary
Sullivan, Terry. 1990. “Bargaining with the President: A Simple Game and New Evidence.” American
Political Science Review, 84:1167-96.
Poole, Keith T., and Howard Rosenthal. 1997. Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll Call Voting.
New York: Oxford University Press.
Poole, Keith T., and Howard Rosenthal. 1991. “Patterns of Congressional Voting.” AJPS. 35:1 (February):
228-78.
Dilger, Robert Jay, George A. Krause, and Randolph R. Moffett. 1995. “State Legislative Professionalism
and Gubernatorial Effectiveness, 1978-1991. LSQ. 20:4 (November): 553-71.
Poole, Keith T., and Howard Rosenthal. 2001. “D-NOMINATE after 10 Years: A Comparative Update to
Congress: A Political Economic History of Roll-Call Voting. Legislative Studies Quarterly. 26:1
(February): 5-29.
Canes-Wrone, Brandice, and Scott de Marchi. 2002. “Presidential Approval and Legislative Success.” JOP
(February).
Rivers, Douglas and Nancy Rose. 1985. "Passing the President's Program: Public Opinion and Presidential
Influence in Congress." AJPS 29:182-96.
McCarty, Nolan, and Rose Razaghian. 1999. “Advice and Consent: Senate Responses to Executive Branch
Nominations 1885-1996. AJPS 43 (October): 1122-43.
Bond, Jon, and Richard Fleisher. 1990. The President in the Legislative Arena. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
West, Darrell M. 1988. “Activists and Economic Policymaking in Congress.” AJPS 32 (August): 662-80.
Sullivan, Terry. 1988. “Headcounts, Expectations, and Presidential Coalitions in Congress.” AJPS 32
(August): 567-89.
Sullivan, Terry. 1991. "The Bank Account Presidency: A New Measure and Evidence on the Temporal Path
of Presidential Influence." AJPS 35(August), pp. :686-723. ALSO SEE: (1) Edwards, George C., III.
1991. “Presidential Influence in Congress: If We Ask the Wrong Questions, We Get the Wrong
Answers.” AJPS 35 (August), pp. 724-29; AND (2) Sullivan, Terry. 1991. “Wrong Questions, OQuestions, Legitimate Questions, Reasoned Answers: Affirming the Study of Temporal Path.” AJPS 35
(August), pp. 730-37.
Morehouse, Sarah McCally. 1998. The Governor as Party Leader : Campaigning and Governing. Ann
Arbor : University of Michigan Press. JK2447 .M67
Herzik, Eric B., and Brent W. Brown (eds.). 1991. Gubernatorial Leadership and State Policy. New York:
Greenwood Press. JK2447 .G78 1991.
Ferguson, Margaret Robertson. 2003. “Chief Executive Success in the Legislative Arena. State Politics &
Policy Quarterly. 3:2 (Summer): 148-82.
Price, Kevin S. 2002. “The Partisan Legacies of Preemptive Leadership: Assessing the Eisenhower Cohorts
in the U.S. House. PRQ 55:3 (September): 609-32.
Esbaugh-Soha, Matthew. 2005. “The Politics of Presidential Agendas.” PRQ, 58:2 (June): 257-68.
Yates, Jeff, and Andrew Whitford. 2005. “Institutional Foundations of the President’s Issue Agenda.” PRQ,
58:4 (December): 577-85.
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Beckmann, Matthew N., and Joseph Godfrey. 2007. “The Policy Opportunities in Presidential
Honeymoons.” PRQ, 60:2 (June): 250-62.
Mar 4 – Legislatures, Divided Government
SECOND LITERATAURE REVIEW DUE ON OR BEFORE THIS DATE
ALSO ON THIS DATE STUDENTS WILL PRESENT IN CLASS THEIR SUMMARIES OF PROPOSED
RESEARCH PAPERS
Required Readings:
Rockman and Waterman, Chapters 3, 4, and 8
Edwards, George C., III, Andrew Barrett, and Jeffrey Peake. 1997. "The Legislative Impact of Divided
Government." AJPS 41:2, pp. 545-63.
Binder, Sarah A. 1999. “The Dynamics of Legislative Gridlock, 1947-96.” APSR 93 (September) 519-33.
Nicholson, Stephen P., Gary M. Segura, and Nathan D. Woods. 2002 “Presidential Approval and the Mixed
Blessing of Divided Government.” JOP 64:3 (August): 701-20.
Supplementary
Bowling, Cynthia J., and Margaret R. Ferguson. 2001. “Divided Government, Interest Representation, and
Policy Differences: Competing Explanations of Gridlock in the Fifty States. JOP. 63:1 (February):
182-206.
Clarke, Wes. 1998 “Divided Government and Budget Conflict in the U.S. States.” LSQ 23:1 (February): 522.
Fleisher, Richard and Jon Bond. 1996. "The President in a More Partisan Legislative Arena." Political
Research Quarterly 49:4 , pp. 729-48.
Covington, Cary, J. Mark Wrighton, and Rhonda Kinney. 1995. “A ‘Presidency-Augmented’ Model of
Presidential Success on House Roll Call Votes.” AJPS 39, pp. 1001-24.
Fiorina, Morris P. 1994. “Divided Government in the American States: A Byproduct of Legislative
Professionalism?” APSR.
Mayhew, David. 1991. Divided We Govern. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Fiorina, Morris P. 1996. Divided Government. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Jacobson, Gary C. 1990. The Electoral Origins of Divided Government. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Brady, David and Craig Volden. 1997. Revolving Gridlock. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Mar. 11 – Legislatures, Vetoes and Budgets
Rohde, David and Dennis Simon. 1985. "Presidential Vetoes and Congressional Response: A Study of
Institutional Conflict." AJPS 29:397-427.
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Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and Matthew D. McCubbins. 1988. “Presidential Influence on Congressional
Appropriations Decisions.” AJPS 32 (August): 713-36.
Gilmour, John B. 2002. “Institutional and Individual Influences on the President’s Veto.” JOP 64
(February): 198-218.
Abney, Glenn, and Thomas P. Lauth. 1997. “The Item Veto and Fiscal Responsibility.” The Journal of
Politics, 59:3 (August): 882-92.
Klarner, Carl E. and Andrew Karch. 2008. “Why Do Governors Issue Vetoes? The Impact of Individual and
Institutional Influences.” Political Research Quarterly 61:4 (December): 574-584.
Supplementary
McCarty, Nolan. 2000. “Presidential Pork: Executive Veto Power and Distributive Politics. APSR 94, pp.
117-129.
Barrilleaux, Charles, and Michael Berkman. 2003. “Do Governors Matter? Budgeting Rules and the Politics
of State Policymaking.” PRQ 56:4 (December), 409-17.
Nice, David C. 1988. “The Item Veto and Expenditure Restraint.” The Journal of Politics, 50(2): 487-99.
Wooley, John. 1991. "Institutions, the Election Cycle, and the Presidential Veto." AJPS 35:279-304.
Lee, Jong. 1975. "Presidential Vetoes from Washington to Nixon." JOP 37:522-46.
Peterson, Mark. 1990. Legislating Together; The White House and Capital Hill from Eisenhower to
Reagan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Sullivan, Terry. 1990. "Explaining Why Presidents Count: Signaling and Information." JOP 52:939-62.
Shields, Todd, and Chi Huang. 1995. "Presidential Vetoes: An Event Count Model.: Political Research
Quarterly 48: 559-72.
Ingberman, Daniel and Dennis Yao. 1991. "Presidential Commitment and the Veto." AJPS 35:357-89.
Thompson, Joel A. 1987. “Agency Requests, Gubernatorial Support, and Budget Success in State
Legislatures Revisited.” Journal of Politics 49: 756-79.
Mar 18 – SPRING BREAK
Mar. 25 – Bureaucracy, Structures
Moe, Terry M. 1982. “Regulatory Performance and Presidential Administration.” AJPS 26:2 197-224.
Krause, George A. 1994. “Federal Reserve Policy Decision Making: Political and Bureaucratic Influences.”
AJPS 38 (February): 124-44.
Balla, Steven J. 1998. “Administrative Procedures and Political Control of the Bureaucracy.” American
Political Science Review 92:663-673.
Huber, John D., Charles R. Shipan, and Madelaine Pfahler. 2001. “Legislatures and Statutory Control of
Bureaucracy.” American Journal of Political Science 45: 330-345.
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Howell, William G., and David E. Lewis. 2002. “Agencies by Presidential Design” JOP. 64:4 (November):
1095-1114.
Lewis, David E. 2002. “The Politics of Agency Termination: Confronting the Myth of Agency Immortality.”
Journal of Politics 64:89-107.
Wood, B. Dan and John Bohte. 2004. “Political Transaction Costs and the Politics of Administrative
Design.” JOP 66:1 (February): 176-202.
Supplementary – General
Epstein, David and Sharyn O'Halloran. 1994. "Administrative Procedures, Information, and Agency
Discretion." American Journal of Political Science 38:697-722.
B. Dan Wood and James E. Anderson, “The Politics of U.S. Antitrust Regulation,” American Journal of
Political Science 37 (February 1993): 1-39.
Carpenter, Daniel P. 1996. “Adaptive Signal Processing, Hierarchy, and Budgetary Control in Federal
Regulation.” American Political Science Review 90(June): 283–302.
Moe, Terry M. 1985. “Control and Feedback in Economic Regulation: The Case of the NLRB.” American
Political Science Review (December): 1094–1116.
Wood, B. Dan, and Richard W. Waterman. 1993. “The Dynamics of Political-Bureaucratic Adaptation.”
AJPS 37 (May): 497-528.
Downs, Anthony. 1967. Inside Bureaucracy. New York: Harper-Collins.
Kaufman, Herbert A. 1956. “Emerging Conflicts in the Doctrines of Public Administration.” Public
Administration Review 50 (December): 1057-1073.
Supplementary – Allison and Commentaries
Allison, Graham T. 1971 The Essence of Decision. Boston: Little Brown & Co.
Krasner, Stephen D. 1971. “Are Bureaucracies Important? (or Allison Wonderland).” Foreign Policy 7
(Summer).
Anderson, Paul A. 1983. “Decision Making by Objection and the Cuban Missile Crisis.” Administrative
Science Quarterly, 201-222.
Bendor, Jonathan, and Thomas H. Hammond. 1992. “Rethinking Allison’s Models. APSR 86 (June): 30122.
McKeown, Timothy J. 2001. “Plans and Routines, Bureaucratic Bargaining and the Cuban Missile Crisis.”
JOP 63 (November): 1163-90.
Apr. 1. Bureaucracy, People
THIRD LITERATURE REVIEW DUE ON OR BEFORE THIS DATE
Wood, Dan B., and Richard W. Waterman. 1991. “The Dynamics of Political Control of the Bureaucracy.”
APSR 30 (September): 801-28.
Maranto, Robert. 1993. Still Clashing after All These Years: Ideological Conflict in the Reagan Executive.
AJPS 37 (August): 681-98.
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Whitford, Andrew B. 2005. “The Pursuit of Political Control by Multiple Principals.” JOP 67:1 (February):
29-49. .
Krause, George A., David E. Lewis, and James W. Douglas. 2006. “Political Appointments, Civil Service
Systems, and Bureaucratic Competence: Organizational Balancing and Executive Branch Revenue
Forecasts in the American States.” AJPS 50:3 (July): 770-787.
Lewis, David E. 2007. “Testing Pendleton’s Premise: Do Political Appointees Make Worse Bureaucrats?”
JOP 69:4( November): 1073-88.
Supplementary – General
McCarty, Nolan. 2004. “The Appointments Dilemma.” AJPS 48(April): 413-28.
Cole, Richard L., and David A. Caputo. 1979. “Presidential Control of the Senior Civil Service: Assessing
the Strategies of the Nixon Years.” APSR, pp. 399-413.
Aberbach, Joel D., and Bert A. Rockman. 1976. “Clashing Beliefs within the Executive Branch: The Nixon
Administration Bureaucracy.” APSR, pp. 456-68.
Whitford, Andres B., and Jeff Yates. 2003. “Policy Signals and Executive Governance: Presidential Rhetoric
in the War on Drugs.” JOP. 65:4 (November): 995-1012.
Aberbach, Joel D., and Bert A. Rockman. 1995. “The Political Views of U.S. Senior Federal Executives,
1970-1992.” JOP 57 (August): 838-52.
Apr. 8 – Executives and the Judiciary
Rockman and Waterman, Chapter 9
Cameron, Charles M., Albert D. Cover, and Jeffrey A. Segal. 1990. “Senate Voting on Supreme Court
Nominees: A Neoinstitutional Model.” APSR 84 (June): 525-38.
Krutz, Glen., Richard Fleisher, and Jon R. Bond. 1998. “From Abe Fortas to Zoe Baird: Why Some
Presidential Nominations Fail in the Senate.” American Political Science Review 92(December): 871–
881.
Moranski, Bryon J., and Charles R. Shipan. 1999. “The Politics of Supreme Court Nomination: A Theory of
Institutional Constraints and Choices.” AJPS 43 (October): 1069-95.
Binder, Sarah A., and Forrest Martzman. 2002. “Senatorial Delay in Confirming Federal Judges, 19471998.” AJPS 46 (January): 190-99.
Johnson, Timothy R., and Jason M. Roberts. 2004. “Presidential Capital and the Supreme Court
Confirmation Process.” JOP 66:3 (August): 663-83.
Meinhold, Stephen S., and Steven A. Shull. 1998. “Policy Congruence between the President and the
Solicitor General.” PRQ 51:2 (June): pp. 527-537.
Supplementary
Yates, Jeff, and Andrew Whitford. 1998. “Power and the United States Supreme Court.” PRQ 51:2 (June):
539-550.
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Kevin T. McGuire. 1998. “Explaining Executive Success in the U. S. Supreme Court.” PRQ 51:2 (June):
505-526.
Massie, Tajuana D., Thomas G. Hansford, and Donald R. Songer. 2004. “The Timing of Presidential
Nomination to the Lower Federal Courts. PRQ 57:1 (March): 145-154.
Songer, Donald R., and Martha Humphries Ginn. 2002. “Assessing the Impact of Presidential and Home
State Influences on Judicial Decisionmaking in the United States Court of Appeals. PRQ. 55:2 (June):
299-328.
Ducat, Craig R., and Robert L. Dudley. 1989. “Federal District Judges and Presidential Power During the
Postwar Era.” JOP 51 (February): 98-118.
Rowland, C. K., Robert A. Carp, and Ronald A. Stidham. 1984. “Judges’ Policy Choices and the Value
Basis of Judicial Appointments.” JOP 46 (August): 886-902.
Rowland, C. K., and Bridget Jeffery Todd. 1991. “Where You Stand Depends on Who Sits: Platform
Promises and Judicial Gatekeeping in the Federal District Courts.” JOP 53 (February): 175-85.
Segal, Jeffrey. 1987. “Senate Confirmation of Supreme Court Justices: Partisan and Institutional Politics.”
JOP 49 (November): 998-1015.
Walker, Thomas G., and Deborah J. Barrow. 1985. “The Diversification of the Federal Bench: Policy and
Process Ramifications.” JOP 47 (May): 596-617.
Bell, Laurence Cohen. 2002. “Senatorial Discourtesy: The Senate’s Use of Delay to Shape the Federal
Judiciary. PRQ 55:3 (September): 589-608.
Szmer, John, and Donald R. Songer. 2005. ”The Effects of Information on the Accuracy of Presidential
Assessments of Supreme Court Nominee Preferences.” PRQ, 58:1 (March): 151-160.
Apr. 15 – Presidents and Foreign Affairs
(Note: A sizable body of research exists on this topic in IR and Comparative Journals)
FOURTH LITERATURE REVIEW DUE ON OR BEFORE THIS DATE
Page, Benjamin I., and Richard A. Brody. 1972. “Policy Voting and the Electoral Process: The Vietnam War
Issue.” American Political Science Review 66 (September): 979-995.
Aldrich, John H., John Sullivan, and Eugene Borgida. 1989. "Foreign Affairs and Issue Voting; Do
Presidential Candidates 'Waltz Before a Blind Audience'?" APSR 83:123-41.
Krosnick, Jon A. and Laura A. Brannon. 1993. “The Impact of the Gulf War on the Ingredients of Presidential
Evaluations: Multidimensional Effects of Political Involvement.” American Political Science Review
87:963-75.
Karol, David, and Edward Miguel. 2007. “The Electoral Cost of War: Iraq Casualties and the 2004 U.S.
Presidential Election.” JOP 69:3 (August): 633-648.
Sigelman, Lee. 1979. “A Reassessment of the Two Presidencies Thesis. JOP 41 1195-1205.
Canes-Wrone, Brandice, William G. Howell, and David E. Lewis. 2008. “Toward a Broader Understanding
of the Presidential Power: A Re-Evaluation of the Two Presidencies Thesis” JOP 70:1 (January): 1-16.
Supplementary
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Adam J. Berinsky. 2007. “Assuming the Costs of War: Events, Elites, and American Public Support for
Military Conflict.” Journal of Politics 69 (November): 975-997.
Wood, B. Dan, and Jeffrey Peake. 1998. “The Dynamics of Foreign Policy Agenda Setting.” APSR 92:1
173-84.
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, and Randolph M. Siverson. 1995. “War and the Survival of Political Leaders: A
Comparative Political Analysis of Regime Types and Accountability.” American Political Science
Review 89:4 841-55.
Gartner, Scott So., Gary M. Segura, and Bethany A Barrett. 2004. “War Casualties, Policy Positions and the
Fate of Legislators.” PRQ 53:3 467-77.
Mueller, John. 1973. War, Presidents, and Public Opinion. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Meernik, James, and Peter Waterman. 1996. “The Myth of the Diversionary Use of Force by American
Presidents.” PRQ 49 573-90
Mitchell, Sara McLaughlin, and Will H. Moore. 2002. “Presidential Uses of Force During the Cold War:
Aggregation, Truncation, and Temporal Dynamics.” AJPS 46:2 (April): 438-52.
Ostrom, Charles W., Jr., and Brian L. Job. 1986. “The President and the Political Use of Force.” APSR.
80:2 (June): 541-66.
Lohman, Susanne and Sharyn O’Halloran. 1994. “Divided Government and U.S. Trade Policy: Theory and
Evidence.” International Organization 48:595-632.
Meernik, J. 1993. "Presidential Support in Congress: Conflict and Consensus on Foreign and Defense
Policy." JOP 55:569-87.
Fleisher, Richard and Jon Bond. 1988. "Are There Two Presidencies? Yes, But Only for Republicans." JOP
50:747-67.
Apr. 22 – The Unilateral Presidency
STUDENTS WILL MAKE ORAL CLASS PRESENTATIONS OF RESEARCH PROJECTS
]Rockman and Waterman, Chapter 5
Deering, Christopher, and Forrest Maltzman. 1999. “The Politics of Executive Orders: Legislative
Constraints on Executive Orders.” Political Research Quarterly 52(December): 767–783.
Mayer, Kenneth. 1999. “Executive Orders and Presidential Power.” Journal of Politics 61(May): 445– 466.
Krause, George A., and Jeffrey E. Cohen. 2000. “Opportunity, Constraints, and the Development of the
Institutional Presidency: The Case of Executive Order Issuance, 1939–1996." Journal of Politics
62(February): 88-114.
Black, Ryan C., Anthony J. Madonna, Ryan J. Owens, and Michael S. Lynch. 2007. “Adding Recess
Appointments to the President’s ‘Tool Chest’ of Unilateral Powers.” PRQ, 60:4 (December): 645-54.
Supplementary:
Rottinghaus, Brandon, and Jason Maier. 2007. “The Power of Decree: Presidential Use of Executive
Proclamations, 1977-2005.” PRQ, 60:2 (June): 338-43.
Caruson, Kiki, and Victoria A. Farrar-Myers. 2007. “Promoting the President’s Foreign Policy Agenda:
Presidential Use of Executive Agreements as Policy Vehicles.” PRQ, 60:4 (December): 631-44.
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Kenneth R. Mayer. 2001. With the Stroke of a Pen, Executive Orders and Presidential Power Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press.
William G. Howell. 2003. Power without Persuasion: The Politics of Direct Presidential Action Princeton
University Press.
And also see two special topical editions of Presidential Studies Quarterly:
Volume 37, Number 1, March 2007, Special Issue on Invoking Inherent Presidential Powers
Volume 35, Number 3, September 2005, Special Issue on Unilateral Powers.
Saturday, May 2 – Final Exam Day
University Scheduled Final Exam from 7:30-10:00 a.m. – Final paper due at 10:00 a.m.
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