Updated December 21, 2007 23rd VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE March 17 - 20, 2008 Westin Hotel at Emerald Plaza, San Diego, California, USA 23rd VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE March 17 - 20, 2008 Westin Hotel at Emerald Plaza San Diego, California The 23rd Vertebrate Pest Conference will be held Monday through Thursday, March 17 through 20, 2008, at the Westin Hotel at Emerald Plaza, San Diego, California. The Conference features three days of selected speakers covering all aspects of vertebrate pest management and control. CONFERENCE REGISTRATION Preliminary Program, Hotel and Registration Information, and Call for Posters Sponsored by: The Vertebrate Pest Council Conference Chair: Minoo B. Madon Pre-registration is highly recommended and can be accomplished on-line via the Internet, by going to the site http://www.regonline.com/08VPC. The preregistration fee for the full Conference is $300.00 (U.S.) and includes a copy of the Proceedings to be mailed to you upon publication (approximately eight months following the Conference). Pre-registration must be accomplished by February 29, 2008 to qualify for the discounted pre-registration rates. A 1-day or 2-day registration option is also available – see the web site. Those who pre-register can pick up their registration packets and receipts at the designated registration desk at the Conference. Student pre-registration is available for $75.00 (U.S.). The VPC will reimburse travel costs of up to $500 for full-time registered students presenting a poster or giving an oral presentation at the Conference. Applications should include a copy of your student photo I.D. and should be mailed to Terry Salmon by February 1 at: Terrell P. Salmon, UC Cooperative Extension, 5555 Overland Ave, Suite 4101, San Diego, CA 92123-1219 phone: (858) 694-2864; email: <tpsalmon@ucdavis.edu> Plan to pre-register in order to save time once you arrive at the Conference site. Cost of full registration after February 29 will increase to $400 per person. The Council reserves the right to close registration when the Conference is full to capacity. Only registered participants will be admitted to Conference sessions. Includes special symposia: Wildlife and Food Safety Marine Mammals and Birds Pre-registration fees will be refunded minus a 20% administrative fee, if the request for refund is made to Registration Chair Robert Timm (email: <rmtimm@ucdavis.edu>) prior to February 29. No refunds will be granted after this date. Pre-registration fees can, however, be transferred to another individual to permit their attendance in your place, if the Registration Chair is informed of this change by FAX (707 744-1040), or by email prior to March 10. Updated December 21, 2007 FIELD TRIP (Monday, March 17, 2008) TRANSPORTATION The Conference begins with an optional all-day field trip on Monday, March 17. This bus trip will explore vertebrate pest problems in both agricultural and suburban areas in and around San Diego. The field trip fee of $50 per person will include lunch. Space is limited and is on a first-come basis; pre-registration to reserve your space is highly recommended. Buses will depart from the Westin Hotel at 8:00 am and will return by approximately 5:00 pm. Airports: San Diego International Airport (SAN) is located only 3 miles from the Westin Hotel at Emerald Plaza and is served by most major airlines. Amtrak: The San Diego Amtrak (Santa Fe) downtown station is located at 1050 Kettner Blvd., approximately 2 blocks from the Westin Hotel. Passenger rail service is provided by the Pacific Surfliner with direct service to and from Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo. HOTEL RESERVATIONS The Conference has a block of hotel rooms at the Westin Hotel in San Diego reserved for those attending. To be assured of accommodations, reservations should be made early. A Conference rate of $149 single/double is available on a first-come basis until February 15. After that date, the Conference rate will no longer be available. For additional information or to make reservations, call the Westin Hotel at (888) 627-9033 and mention the “Vertebrate Pest Conference”. Reservations can also be made on-line at: http://www.starwoodmeeting.com/book/VPC Ground Transportation: Buses and trolleys operated by the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (see www.sdmts.com) offer transportation throughout the region at inexpensive fares. The trolley (light rail) system’s nearest stop to the Westin Hotel is adjacent to the Amtrak / Santa Fe downtown station. Trolley service extends from Old Town and Santee in the north and northeast, to the San Ysidro / Tijuana, Mexico station in the south. CONFERENCE LOCATION DRIVING DIRECTIONS Westin Hotel (at Emerald Plaza) 400 West Broadway, San Diego, California 92101 Traveling from the north (Los Angeles area): Take Interstate-5 south. Take Exit 17 (Front St.) toward the Civic Center for 0.9 mi. Turn left at W. Broadway Ave. for approximately 0.1 mi. phone: (619) 239-4500, website: www.westin.com/sandiego Traveling from the east (El Centro area): Take Interstate-8 west. Merge onto CA-125 S toward CA-94 for 2.6 mi. Keep left to take CA-94 W for 8.3 mi. Merge onto I-5 N via Exit 1A toward Los Angeles for 1.6 mi. Take Exit 17 (Hawthorn St.) toward San Diego Airport for 0.4 mi. Turn slight left onto W. Hawthorne St., then left onto Columbia St. Follow Columbia St. south until it ends at 400 W. Broadway Ave. COMMERCIAL DISPLAYS The Conference will have a commercial exhibits display. Space is available for exhibitors of commercial products and services. Complimentary hors d’oeuvres will be served Wednesday evening in conjunction with the displays and a vendors’ forum. For information, contact: John O’Brien, Nevada Department of Agriculture phone: (775) 688-1182; email: jobrien@agri.state.nv.us Updated December 21, 2007 PROFESSIONAL INTERESTS OF PARTICIPANTS The Conference makes significant contributions toward understanding and resolving undesirable wildlife-human interactions and wildlife damage problems, promoting better management methodology, and minimizing adverse environmental and ecological effects. Vertebrate pest management is applied ecology with improved agricultural, public health, and conservation of natural and human-made resources the primary goals. The Conference is a forum for sharing knowledge and experiences among researchers, administrators, extension personnel, and practitioners in vertebrate pest management and wildlife damage problems. Participants vary in professional background, but all have one common interest– wildlife-human conflicts. The following are representative of past attendees: · Animal control officials and personnel · Pest control operators (structural PCOs) · Consultants in vertebrate pest problems · Manufacturers and suppliers of vertebrate pest materials · Health department officials and employees · Agriculturists interested in predation and disease transmission reduction · Extension Specialists, Advisors, and Agents · Foresters · Wildlife departments (wildlife managers and enforcement agents) · Pest control advisors (PCAs) · US Food and Drug Administration officials and personnel · Sanitarians · Food processing and warehouse managers · Educators-pest control subjects · Researchers- (public agencies and private sector) · Pesticide registration and enforcement officials and personnel · Natural resource managers (conservationists) · Nuisance wildlife control operators CONTINUING EDUCATION Continuing education or professional development credits will be determined from the final program. We anticipate that the Conference will receive full continuing education credit from organizations such as the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. In past years, the Continuing Educations Credit for California Pest Control Operations, Advisors and Applicators was 20+ hours. If you are from out-of-state, check with your state to determine if education credits will be granted. CALL FOR POSTERS A special Poster Session is planned in conjunction with the Conference. Posters will be displayed from Tuesday afternoon March 18 through Thursday morning March 20. Posters can present either practical or technical aspects of managing wildlife-human conflicts, or they can summarize research findings related to wildlife damage management or work currently in progress. Abstracts describing proposed posters should be submitted via email to Program Chairperson Kathleen Fagerstone at <Kathleen.A.Fagerstone@aphis.usda.gov> not later than February 15. Format your abstract as a single paragraph (300 words maximum) preceded by the title, authors’ names and affiliations. Following the abstract, identify the contact person by name, mailing address, telephone number, and email. Use 1-inch margins all around, 12-point Times New Roman font, and justify text to the left margin. As noted above (see “Conference Registration”), full-time students (undergraduate or graduate) who submit abstracts for posters that are accepted for inclusion can apply for a travel grant of up to $500 to defray costs of their participation. CONFERENCE PROGRAM (Tues. - Thurs., March 18 - 20) Conference presentations will begin at 9:00 AM on Tuesday, March 18, with a single plenary session, which will feature Keynote speaker Dr. Gary Beauchamp. Concurrent sessions, including two special symposia, will be held during the rest of the Conference. Morning sessions will begin at approximately 8:15 AM. Lunch will be on your own. Afternoon sessions will end at approximately 5:30 PM on Tuesday and Wednesday. Morning and afternoon refreshment breaks, as well as evening social activities on Tuesday and Wednesday, will permit ample free time for meeting speakers and conference participants and for informal discussion. The final program, containing exact times and assignments of concurrent sessions and individual presentations, will be distributed at the time of the Conference. Tentative program details will be posted on the Conference web site (www.vpconference.org) by early to mid-February. Updated December 21, 2007 Conference At-A-Glance Monday, March 17 – Field Trip, 8 AM – 5 PM Tuesday, March 18 Opening Plenary Session 9:00 AM – 12 Noon Lunch (on your own) Keynote Address: “Progress in Sensory Biology: Implications for Vertebrate Pest Control” Dr. Gary Beauchamp, Director and President, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA Dr. Beauchamp’s research interests include genetics of chemosensation, development and aging of taste and smell, taste interactions, and the role of smell and taste in food and beverage choice and acceptance. While now serving as this institute’s director, he is also Adjunct Professor of Anatomy in the School of Veterinary Medicine, and Adjunct Professor of Psychology in the School of Arts and Sciences, of the University of Pennsylvania. Concurrent Session Symposium: Marine Mammals 1:15 – 5:30 PM 1:15 – 5:30 PM 6:30 PM: No-host welcoming social Wednesday, March 19 Concurrent Session Concurrent Session 8:15 AM – 12:05 PM 8:15 AM – 12:05 PM Lunch (on your own) Concurrent Session Concurrent Session 1:15 – 5:30 PM 1:15 – 5:30 PM 6:30 PM: Hors d’oeuvres and Vendors’ Forum Thursday, March 20 Concurrent Session Symposium: Wildlife and Food Safety 8:15 AM – 12:05 PM 8:15 AM – 12:05 PM Lunch (on your own) Concurrent Session / Closing Remarks Concurrent Session / Closing Remarks 1:15 – 4:00 PM 1:15 – 4:00 PM Updated December 21, 2007 TENTATIVE PROGRAM – TOPICS AND SPEAKERS Public Health Special Symposium: Synergistic Agreement: How the California Department of Public Health and U.S. Forest Service Region 5 Challenge Cost-Share Agreement Saves Lives and Money Joseph Burns, California Department of Public Health, Vector-borne Disease Section, Ontario, CA Wildlife and Food Safety The Implications of Wildlife in E. coli Outbreaks in Fresh Vegetables Rob Atwill, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA The Political Realities of Managing Wildlife to Reduce Crop Contamination Eric Lauritzen, Agricultural Commissioner–Monterey County, Salinas, CA A Grower’s Perspective of the Interface between Wildlife & Food Safety Hank Giclas, Western Growers Association, Newport Beach, CA Prioritizing Research for Wildlife – Food Safety Issues speaker tba Food Safety Risks and Mitigation Strategies for Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) near Produce Fields Michele T. Jay, California Department of Public Health, Food and Drug Laboratory Branch, Richmond, CA Potential Food Item Distractions During Raccoon ORV Baiting Campaigns on Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Would You Like Fries with That ORV Bait? Brian M. Bjorklund, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, West Boylston, MA Anatomy of the Cape Cod Oral Rabies Vaccination Program: What Happened, and Where-to Now? Timothy P. Algeo, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Rabies Management Program, Concord, NH Resolving Conflicting Priorities Concerning Food Safety Issues in Leafy Green Vegetables Mary Bianchi, UC Coop. Extension, San Luis Obispo Co., San Luis Obispo, CA Synopsis of the Shoshone River Skunk Rabies Epizootic in Northwestern Wyoming Craig A. Ramey, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO Managing Gulls to Reduce Fecal Coliform Bacteria in a Municipal Drinking Water Source Benjamin Nugent, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, Lewiston, ME Spatial Analysis of Opossum Activity in Response to an Outbreak of Typhus In and Around Long Beach, California Laura Krueger, California Department of Public Health, Ontario, CA European Starlings as Vectors of E. coli O157:H7 Jeffery LeJuene, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Predator Management Special Symposium: Marine Mammals and Birds Marine Mammals and Fishery Sustainability Mark Helvey, NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, Long Beach, CA Managing Seabird Impacts on a Mussel Farm John Davis, Carlsbad AquaFarm, Carlsbad, CA Sea Lion Impacts on the California Commercial-Passenger Fishing Industry Robert Fletcher, Sportfishing Association of California, San Diego, CA Non-lethal Deterrence of California Sea Lions and Pacific Harbor Seals (Pinnipeds and Interactions with Humans) Monica DeAngelis, NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, Long Beach, CA Relative Risks of Predation on Livestock Posed by Individual Wolves, Black Bears, Mountain Lions, and Coyotes in Idaho Mark Collinge, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, Boise, ID Coyotebytes.Org – A Website to Inform Urban Coyote Management Robert M. Timm, Hopland Research & Extension Center, University of California, Hopland, CA Live Trapping and Monitoring Mountain Lion Movements within a Feral Horse Population in Storey County, Nevada, 2005-2007 Meeghan Gray, University of Nevada, Reno, NV Updated December 21, 2007 Bird Management Mammals Effigies for Dispersing Urban Crow Roosts Michael L. Avery, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Gainesville, FL Carnivore Odours as Repellents: Evolutionary and Dietary Effects Tarnya Cox, School of Animal Studies, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia Pest Bird Control in California Strawberry Production with Falconry Oleg Daugovish, University of California Cooperative Extension, Ventura, CA The Effects of Ultrasonic Repellents in Deterring White-Tailed Deer Karleen T. Ami, Nature Technologies, Inc., Department of Research and Development, Pleasantville, NY Does Non-Lethal Management to Reduce Urban Crow Conflicts Work? Case Histories from Five Cities in New York (2002-2007) Richard B. Chipman, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, Castleton, NY Computer Simulations of Baiting Efficacy for Raven Management Using DRC-1339 Egg Baits Randal S. Stahl, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO Nontarget Bird Hazards of Using Trays Baited with DRC-1339-Treated Rice and Placed on Decoy Traps George M. Linz, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Bismarck, ND Seasonal Occurrence of Blackbird Species (Icteridae) in Wild Rice (Zizania): A Response to Rice Stage or Breeding Phenology? Thomas A. Scott, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California-Berkeley, Riverside, CA Methodology to Quantify the Economic Impact of the Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) to Oneida Lake, New York Stephanie A. Shwiff, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins CO Evaluation of an Electrified Mat as a White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Barrier Thomas W. Seamans, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, Sandusky, OH Tetracycline as a Biological Marker for Mark-Recapture Analysis of Feral Pigs Matthew M. Reidy, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX Controlling Mouflon Sheep at the Kahuku Unit of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park Robert M. Stephens, Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit, PACRC, University of Hawai`i, Hilo, HI Rodents Rodenticide Misconceptions Richard M. Poché, Genesis Laboratories, Inc., Wellington, CO Concerns Regarding Proposed Restrictions in the Use of Second-Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides for Commensal Rodent Control Dale E. Kaukeinen, Kaukeinen Consulting Services, Wilmington, DE Effects of Roost Shooting on Double-Crested Cormorant Use of Catfish Ponds: Preliminary Results Jimmy Taylor, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Olympia, WA Field Efficacy of In-Burrow Applications of Kaput® Bait Block Containing 250 mg/kg Warfarin for the Control of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in Colorado Jeff N. Borchert, Genesis Laboratories, Inc., Wellington, CO Israel-Ukraine Cooperation for the Management of a Shared Overabundant Population of Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinsensis) Simon C. Nemtzov, Science and Conservation Division, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem, Israel Comparative Efficacy of Several Rodenticides in the Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Thomas Schmit, Liphatech, Inc., Milwaukee, WI Evaluation of an Integrated Non-Lethal Canada Goose Management Program in New York (2004-2006) Stacy E. Pecor, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, Castleton, NY Field Efficacy of a Diphacinone Grain Bait Using an In-Burrow Baiting Method to Control the Black-Tailed Prairie Dog James J. Bruening, Genesis Laboratories, Inc., Wellington, CO Updated December 21, 2007 Field Efficacy of Wilco Gopher Getter Restricted Use Bait (1.8% Strychnine) Field Test of Gonacon™ Immunocontraceptive Vaccine in Free-Ranging and Wilco Gopher Getter Ag Bait (0.5% Strychnine) Female Fallow Deer Jeff J. Mach, Genesis Laboratories, Inc., Wellington, CO James P. Gionfriddo, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Potential Norway Rat Attractants Gary Witmer, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research M. avium Bacterium: Is it an Essential Ingredient for a Single-Injection GnRH Center, Fort Collins, CO Immunocontraceptive Vaccine? Kelly R. Perry, USDA/APHIS Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Another Benefit of Rat Eradications: The Opportunity to Remove More Center, Olympia, WA Invasive Species Craig Morley, School of Biological, Chemical and Environmental Science, The Immune Mechanisms and Characterization of Injection-Site Reactions University of the South Pacific, Fiji Islands Involved in the Multi-Year Contraceptive Effect of the GonaCon™ Vaccine Lowell Miller, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Efficacy of Concussion Blast Equipment for the Elimination of Ground Hogs Center, Fort Collins, CO in the Burrow System Richard A. Shadel, S & S Wildlife Control Services Inc, Harrisburg, PA Oral Vaccination and Immunocontraception of Feral Swine Using Brucella suis and Utilizing Recombinant LHRH Gene Insert Reproductive Potential in Mountain Beavers (Aplodontia rufa rufa) in Jeffrey M. Kemp, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Western Washington Center, Fort Collins, CO Wendy M. Arjo, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Olympia WA Other Topics An Analysis of the Efficacy and Comparative Costs of Using Flow Devices to Resolve Conflicts with North American Beavers along Roadways in the Coastal Plain of Virginia Stephanie L. Boyles, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Science, Christopher Newport University, Portsmouth, VA If You Build It, They Will Come: Management Planning for a Suburban Beaver Population in Arizona Jimmy Taylor, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Olympia, WA Wildlife Contraceptives Wildlife Contraception, Individuals, and Populations: How Much Fertility Control is Enough? Dave Cowan, Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, UK Population Modeling of Wildlife Contraception as a Management Tool Christi Yoder, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO Long-Term Efficacy and Reproductive Behavior Associated with Gonacon™ Use in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Gary Killian, Deer Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure in an Urban Population of the San Joaquin Kit Fox Stella C. Borucki, California Department of Fish and Game, Pesticide Investigations Unit, Rancho Cordova, CA Evaluating the Benefits of Vertebrate Pest Control in Conservation Settings David Choquenot, Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand A Distribution of Trap Monitors to the Wildlife Services’ Operational Program Patrick A. Darrow, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Logan, UT Smarter Pest Control: Tools and Strategies Charles Eason, Connovation Research, Auckland, New Zealand The IPM Paradigm: Economics, Uncertainty, and Vertebrates Ray Sterner, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO What is a Humane Wildlife Control Service? John Griffin, The Humane Society of the United States, Washington, DC Updated December 21, 2007 Ethics of Wildlife Control in Humanized Landscapes: A Reply Stephen Vantassel, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE Developing Standard Operating Procedures for Wildlife Damage Management Activities in Urban and Suburban Areas in Southern Nevada Jack W. Sengl, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, Las Vegas, NV Economic Methodology to Quantify the Impacts of Rodent and Bird Damage to Vulnerable Crop/Commodity-Producing Counties Stephanie A. Shwiff, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO Transcontinental Introductions of Watersnakes (Nerodia) into California Peter S. Balfour, ECORP Consulting, Inc., Rocklin, CA When the Media Call: Knowing When to Talk and What to Say Joanne Littlefield, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Wildlife Forensics: Non-Invasive DNA Methods for Monitoring Vertebrate Pests in New Zealand Dianne M. Gleeson, Ecological Genetics Laboratory, Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand The Changing Landscape of Animal Damage Management Needs: Directions for the Future Larry Clark, USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO Updated December 21, 2007 23rd VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE CONFERENCE CHAIR: Minoo B. Madon, Greater L.A. County Vector Control District Ph: (562) 944-9656; Email: mmadon@glacvcd.org PROGRAM CHAIR: Kathleen Fagerstone, USDA National Wildlife Research Center Ph: (970) 266-6161; Email: Kathleen.A.Fagerstone@aphis.usda.gov REGISTRATION Robert Timm, University of California - ANR Ph: (707) 744-1424; Email: rmtimm@ucdavis.edu LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS: Terrell P. Salmon, UC Cooperative Extension – San Diego Co. Ph: (858) 694-2864; Email: tpsalmon@ucdavis.edu Conference Pre-Registration 23rd Vertebrate Pest Conference March 17-20, 2008 San Diego, California To pre-register, visit web site: http://www.regonline.com/08VPC by February 29 Additional information on the Conference will be posted to the Conference web site as it is developed: http://www.vpconference.org ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PROCEEDINGS EDITOR: Robert M. Timm, University of California - ANR Ph: (707) 744-1424; Email: rmtimm@ucdavis.edu FIELD TRIP: Dennis Orthmeyer, USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services Ph. (916) 979-2675; Email: Dennis.L.Orthmeyer@aphis.usda.gov COMMERCIAL DISPLAYS: John O’Brien, Nevada Department of Agriculture Ph: (775) 688-1182; Email: jobrien@agri.state.nv.us CONTINUING EDUCATION Terrell P. Salmon, UC Cooperative Extension – San Diego Co. Ph: (858) 694-2864; Email: tpsalmon@ucdavis.edu PUBLICITY: Paul Gorenzel, UC Davis Ph: (530) 752-2263; Email: wpgorenzel@ucdavis.edu Hotel Reservations Westin Hotel (at Emerald Plaza) 400 W. Broadway San Diego, California 92101 Room reservations must be made by February 15: by phone: (888) 627-9033 and mention “Vertebrate Pest Conference” by Internet: http://www.starwoodmeeting.com/book/VPC