____________________________________
7th Grade Social Studies
Mexico & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 144— Civil War Technology
April 14, 2014
Focus: “God created man, Samuel Colt made them equal.” How does this quote apply to the Civil War and our
objectives for the day? What is a “modern” war?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will recognize that the new technology used in the war between the North and South made the American Civil war
the first “modern” war.
2. I will recognize that new technology combined with outdated tactics created a tremendous amount of causalities
during the Civil War.
Homework:
-Current Events due Monday 4/21
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 516-518 (due 4/15)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 519 (due 4/16)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 520-521 (due 4/21)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 3 pgs. 522-525 (due 4/22)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 4 pgs. 528-531 (due 4/23)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 4 pgs. 532-534 (due 4/24)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 536-537 stop @ Battle of Gettysburg (due 4/30)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 537-540 start @ Battle of Gettysburg/stop @Union Campaigns Cripple the
Confederacy (due 5/2)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 540 Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy only (due 5/7)
-Read and Outline Chapter 15, Section 5 pgs. 541-543 (due 5/8)
-Chapter 16 Test Thursday 5/15
Handouts:
Civil War packet
I. Civil War Technology
A. Increased accuracy and range
II. Causalities
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Springfield Rifle
Enfield Rifle
Revolver
Canister
Telegraph
Railroad
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
Why was the minie ball more accurate?
What happened when a soldier was hit with a minie ball?
How did the Telegraph and Railroad help the military?
Minie Ball
Artillery
Notes
Class 144— Civil War Technology
April 14, 2014







Springfield Rifle-Union
Enfield Rifle-Confederate
o Single Shot, muzzle loading-range in the Mexican war = 100 yards
 Effectiveness: “A man might fire one at you all day from a few hundred yards ‘without you
finding it out.’” -Ulysses S. Grant
o Rifled = grooved = spin—range = 300-400 yards or about ½ mile
Minie Ball
o developer, Claude-Étienne Minié,
o the minie ball was smaller than the diameter of the barrel, it could be loaded quickly by dropping the
bullet down the barrel
o expanded the base of the bullet so that it engaged the rifling in the barrel
o increased range and accuracy-spin
Colt 1851 Navy Revolver
Artillery
o 200-pound Parrott rifle
o Canister
 deadliest type of ammunition
 thin metal container loaded with layers of lead or iron balls packed in sawdust=shotgun effect
Railroad
o Move supplies and men faster
Telegraph
o Nearly instant communication
o News in nearly real time
o Direct contact with generals
____________________________________
7th Grade Social Studies
Mexico & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 145— Early Battles
April 15, 2014
Focus: Read the Letter from Sullivan Ballou and be prepared to answer several questions about it.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will analyze the strategies of victory for the North and the South.
2. I will analyze the following battles:
 First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
 Seven Days’ Battles
 Second Battle of Bull Run
3. I will read and analyze a Civil War letter.
Homework:
-Current Events due Monday 4/21
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 519 (due 4/16)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 520-521 (due 4/21)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 3 pgs. 522-525 (due 4/22)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 4 pgs. 528-531 (due 4/23)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 4 pgs. 532-534 (due 4/24)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 536-537 stop @ Battle of Gettysburg (due 4/30)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 537-540 start @ Battle of Gettysburg/stop @Union Campaigns Cripple the
Confederacy (due 5/2)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 540 Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy only (due 5/7)
-Read and Outline Chapter 15, Section 5 pgs. 541-543 (due 5/8)
-Chapter 16 Test Thursday 5/15
Handouts:
Last Letter of Sullivan Ballou
I. Civil War Letter
II. Northern and Southern Strategies
III. Early Battles
A. First Bull Run
B. Seven Days’
C. Second Bull Run
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Anaconda Strategy
First Bull Run
Washington, D.C.
Spectators
Second Bull Run
Stonewall Jackson
Winfield Scott
George McClellan
Seven Days’
“Every poor fellow that is killed or wounded almost haunts me!...I have honestly done my best to save as many lives as
possible.”-George McClellan
“For many on both sides, Stonewall Jackson was the war’s highest exemplification of courage.”
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
Who replaced Winfield Scott?
Who won the First Battle of Bull Run? The Seven Day’s Battle? Second Bull Run?
What is the Anaconda strategy? Why did it get that name?
Headquarters, Camp Clark
Washington, D.C., July 14, 1861
My Very Dear Wife:
Indications are very strong that we shall move in a few days, perhaps to-morrow. Lest I should not be able to write you
again, I feel impelled to write a few lines, that may fall under your eye when I shall be no more.
Our movement may be one of a few days duration and full of pleasure and it may be one of severe conflict and death to
me. Not my will, but thine, O God be done. If it is necessary that I should fall on the battle-field for any country, I am
ready. I have no misgivings about, or lack of confidence in, the cause in which I am engaged, and my courage does not
halt or falter. I know how strongly American civilization now leans upon the triumph of government, and how great a
debt we owe to those who went before us through the blood and suffering of the Revolution, and I am willing, perfectly
willing to lay down all my joys in this life to help maintain this government, and to pay that debt.
But, my dear wife, when I know, that with my own joys, I lay down nearly all of yours, and replace them in this life with
care and sorrows, when, after having eaten for long years the bitter fruit of orphanage myself, I must offer it, as their
only sustenance, to my dear little children, is it weak or dishonorable, while the banner of my purpose floats calmly and
proudly in the breeze, that my unbounded love for you, my darling wife and children, should struggle in fierce, though
useless, contest with my love of country.
I cannot describe to you my feelings on this calm summer night, when two thousand men are sleeping around me, many
of them enjoying the last, perhaps, before that of death, and I, suspicious that Death is creeping behind me with his fatal
dart, am communing with God, my country and thee.
I have sought most closely and diligently, and often in my breast, for a wrong motive in this hazarding the happiness of
those I loved, and I could not find one. A pure love of my country, and of the principles I have often advocated before
the people, and "the name of honor, that I love more than I fear death," have called upon me, and I have obeyed.
Sarah, my love for you is deathless. It seems to bind me with mighty cables, that nothing but Omnipotence can break;
and yet, my love of country comes over me like a strong wind, and bears me irresistibly on with all those chains, to the
battlefield. The memories of all the blissful moments I have spent with you come crowding over me, and I feel most
deeply grateful to God and you, that I have enjoyed them so long. And how hard it is for me to give them up, and burn to
ashes the hopes of future years, when, God willing, we might still have lived and loved together, and seen our boys grow
up to honorable manhood around us.
I know I have but few claims upon Divine Providence, but something whispers to me, perhaps it is the wafted prayer of
my little Edgar, that I shall return to my loved ones unharmed. If I do not, my dear Sarah, never forget how much I love
you, nor that, when my last breath escapes me on the battle-field, it will whisper your name.
Forgive my many faults, and the many pains I have caused you. How thoughtless, how foolish I have oftentimes been!
How gladly would I wash out with my tears, every little spot upon your happiness, and struggle with all the misfortune
of this world, to shield you and my children from harm. But I cannot, I must watch you from the spirit land and hover
near you, while you buffet the storms with your precious little freight, and wait with sad patience till we meet to part no
more.
But, O Sarah, if the dead can come back to this earth, and flit unseen around those they loved, I shall always be near you
in the garish day, and the darkest night amidst your happiest scenes and gloomiest hours always, always, and, if the soft
breeze fans your cheek, it shall be my breath; or the cool air cools your throbbing temples, it shall be my spirit passing
by.
Sarah, do not mourn me dear; think I am gone, and wait for me, for we shall meet again.
As for my little boys, they will grow as I have done, and never know a father's love and care. Little Willie is too young to
remember me long, and my blue-eyed Edgar will keep my frolics with him among the dimmest memories of his
childhood. Sarah, I have unlimited confidence in your maternal care, and your development of their characters. Tell my
two mothers, I call God's blessing upon them. O Sarah, I wait for you there! Come to me, and lead thither my children.
Notes
Class 145— Early Battles
April 15, 2014
Strategies for Victory:
Union (Anaconda)
Confederate
Blockade
Defensive War-Union gets tired
Seize Richmond (capital)
European $/supplies-Europeans need cotton
Control the Mississippi
Bull Run:
 Everyone expected the Southern troops to flee- the residents of Washington, DC showed up with picnic
baskets and made an afternoon of the event. They were in for a shock!
 It was a stunning defeat for the Union. The South did not retreat after all.
 It frightened the citizens of Washington, D.C. as they saw their troops return all bloodied.
 It showed that General Winfield Scott was not cut out to lead troops in 1861.
 It led to George McClellan being named the commanding general for the Union
 It featured the heroism of CSA General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.
o “There stands Jackson like a stone wall! Rally behind the Virginians!”
General George McClellan:
 “Little Mac”
 West Point
o Graduated 2nd in his class
 Won honors in the Mexican War for “gallant and meritorious conduct in the battles of Contreras and
Cherubusco” and for bravery at Chapultepec-no young officer emerged with a higher reputation
 TRAINS THE TROOPS
 Nemesis is Lee
 Lincoln felt he was too cautious
 McClellan has a deep hatred of Lincoln. In 1864 he ran for president against him on a platform that called for an
end to the war and permission for the South to leave the Union.
Seven Days’ Battle:
 Lee vs. McClellan
o Forced Union army to retreat away from Richmond
o McClellan’s failures
 Won’t trust African American spies
 Uses balloon corps to fly over Confederate lines
 Confederates use tents to make him think he is outnumbered
 Uses Pinkerton detectives for info but they were useless
Second Battle of Bull Run:
 Jackson vs. Pope
 Confederate Victory
 Inspires Lee to invade Maryland
____________________________________
7th Grade Social Studies
Mexico & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 146— Antietam & Civil War Medicine
April 16, 2014
Focus: It is said that a picture is worth a thousand words. Look at the picture on the overhead. Describe the emotions
you feel as you look at the photo. How do you think soldier’s reacted to watching their friends die? Explain their
emotions.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will analyze the battle of Antietam.
2. I will describe the limitations of battlefield and hospital medical practices during the Civil War.
Homework:
-Current Events due Monday 4/21
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 520-521 (due 4/21)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 3 pgs. 522-525 (due 4/22)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 4 pgs. 528-531 (due 4/23)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 4 pgs. 532-534 (due 4/24)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 536-537 stop @ Battle of Gettysburg (due 4/30)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 537-540 start @ Battle of Gettysburg/stop @Union Campaigns Cripple the
Confederacy (due 5/2)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 540 Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy only (due 5/7)
-Read and Outline Chapter 15, Section 5 pgs. 541-543 (due 5/8)
-Chapter 16 Test Thursday 5/15
Handouts:
none
I. Battle of Antietam
II. Civil War Medicine
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Antietam
Robert E. Lee
Red Cross
George McClellan
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
Who won the battle of Antietam? Why was Lincoln not happy with McClellan?
What is a triage?
Triage
Clara Barton
Notes
Class 146— Antietam & Civil War Medicine
April 16, 2014
Antietam:
o Located-Sharpsburg, Maryland, not far from Washington, D
o McClellan foils Lee’s plans- A Confederate messenger had wrapped several cigars with Lee’s secret battle plan.
Unfortunately, he dropped them at the campsite and rode off without them. The plans were discovered by two
Union soldiers who turned them over to General McClellan.
o September 17, 1862
o combined casualties -23,000
o Why is the battle so significant? (It was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War. More soldiers died this day
than live in Peters Township.
o There was no clear winner, but the Union claimed victory because Lee retreated. The battle of Antietam is
important because afterwards Lincoln will issue the Emancipation Proclamation and it will also keep
Europeans out of the war.
Here is how Confederate Clayton G. Coleman described Antietam:
“But the hottest battle of the war was fought near Sharpsburg Md on the 17th inst. The battle
lasted all day and the loss was terrific on both sides, the enemy fighting with more desperation
than ever before. We call it a victory and the Yankees did so at first too; we held the ground
and both sides were too much worsted to renew the fight next day. We fell back across the
Potomac and the enemy then commenced shelling us and boasted that they had driven us
across. They acknowledge the loss of sixteen generals. We had two generals killed and ten
wounded.”
Impact of Disease:
 Union 110,000 in combat or mortally wounded
 224, 580 died from disease “natural biological warfare”
 Dysentery, malaria, and diarrhea-Union 223,535 were discharged for physical disabilities
 “This fighting with disease is infinitely more horrible than battle. This is the price of saving the Union. My
God, what a costly sacrifice!”
Triage separates the injured into those that need immediate medical attention and those that can wait
-The “minie ball” used in the Civil War muskets caused most of the carnage. These bullets plowed into bone and
shattered it. Battlefield surgeons couldn’t reconstruct the bones, and knew that infection would set in.
-Arms, legs, and feet were amputated and the piles reached nearly 6 feet high.
-Confederate soldier, “[A]lthough I saw thousands of horrifying scenes during the war, yet today I have no recollection
in my whole life, of ever seeing anything that I remember with more horror than that pile of legs and arms that had been
cut off our soldieries.”
doctors:
 The reason why there were so many amputations was because surgeons considered it the only way to treat
fractures and server lacerations.
 Used the same knife/saw for amputations w/o cleaning them
 Extracted shell and bone fragments by exsection, they used their already bloody fingers to remove the items
 Believed “bad airs” not germs caused infection
 Sometimes “dead-drunk”
Nurses
 Going into army hospitals was to risk one’s own life and disease-typhoid fever
 Few nurses received training
 Encourage soldiers to live and die with soldierly values


Clara Barton gained experience as battlefield nurse at Antietam.
o Founds the American Red Cross in the hope it would serves as the “bit in the mouth, the curb on the neck
of the war horse.”
Dorothea Dix placed in charge of the Union nurses
Hospitals
 Most feared the hospitals-easier to die in combat