Gastroenteritis In Primary School Children (6-12 Yrs) (Case
Study Of Enugu Metropolis)
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
List of table
1.0
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUUCTION
1.1
Aims and objectives
1.2
Statement of problem
1.3
Hypothesis
1.4
Scope/ limitations of study
2.0
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Environmental factor
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2.2
Bacterial diseases of the lower alimentary system
2.3
Sources of infection
3.0
CHAPTER
3.1
material
3.2
Method
3.3
Method of culture
3.4
Plate reading
3.5
Biochemical reaction
THREE
MATERIALS
AND
METHODS
CHAPTER FOUR RESULT
CHAPTER FIVE – Discussion and conclusion
CHAPTER SIX
Reference
Appendices
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Gastroenteritis is a disease condition due to the inflammation of the
mucous of the stomach and intestine. Many microorganisms contaminating
food and water can cause acute gastroenteritis. In most cases it runs its own
course over several (days. However it can be a serious condition if the fluid
loss is sever enough to cause dehydration. When food is the source of the
pathogen the condition is often called food poisoning (Archeson 200)
Gastroenteritis can arise in two ways the microorganisms may actually produce
a food borne infection, that is, they may first colonize the gastrointestinal tract
and grow within it, then either invade host tissues or secrete exo- toxins
(Johnson, 1999).
Alternatively the pathogens may secrete an exo- toxins that contaminates
the food and is ingested by the host. This is some times reffered to as food
intoxication because the toxins ingested and the presence of the living
microorganisms is not required. Because theses toxins of the disrupt the
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functioning of intestinal mucosa they are called enterotoxins (Sanders and
sanders 1997)
Most cases of gastroenteritis are due to viral infection about a half are caused
by the rotavirus, first discovered and described at the royal children’s Hospital
university of Melbourne in the early 1970 various other virus may cause the
same symptoms as well as bacteria like campylobacter protozoa and
helminthes. In most cases the precise infective agent is not identified. It is only
when symptoms are persisting that stools are sent for microscopy and culture in
the laboratory (Nachamkin 1992).
On a global scale gastroenteritis is a massive health problem. About 5 million
people die each year, mainly young children in underdevloped countries most
deaths are due to dehgdration, in adequate fluid replacement and cirulatory
collapse. In Australia, Asia, African and South America an occasional fatality
still occurs with gastroenteritis again mainly due to complication of sever
dehydration A rotavirus vaccine has been developed in Australia and may
eventually have extensive world wide application (Prescott et al 2005).
The main symptoms of gastroenteritis are vomiting diarliea and cramping
abdominal pain. Sometimes of fever may also be present. In more severe cases,
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signs of dehydration may appear a young child may look floppy and pale and
the
urine out put may be reduced. these signs means that urgent medical
assessments and treatment are required.
1.1
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
-
to determine the prevalenble of gastroenteritis
in primary
school
children
-
also to implicate in gastroenteritis .
-
to relate the environment of the pupil to the types of diseases which they
acquire from it.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
There are factors in the environment which iduce pior sanitation and the filthy
habits of the children ideal for transmission of gastroenteritis, therefore
infection rate is expected high.
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1.3
HYPOTHESIS
H0 - prevalence of gastroenteritis caused by bacteria and protozoa is common
in primary school children
H1 - Although environment favours infection prevalence is not common in
primary school children .
1.4
SCOPE
LIMITION OF
STUDY
-
Limited to bacteria and protozoa involved in gastroenteritis as
identifiable by the method used.
Technology of viral identification is not feasible within the facities in this
laboratory while helminthes parasite were excluded for case of control.
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