2.3 Alkanols, Alkanoic Acids & Esters Learning Outcomes
In all cases pupils should be able to:
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State that fermentation is the breakdown of glucose to
form ethanol and carbon dioxide.
State that an enzyme in yeast acts as a catalyst for the
reaction.
State that ethanol, for alcoholic drinks, can be made by the
fermentation of glucose derived from any fruit or
vegetable.
State that the concentration of ethanol produced during
fermentation is limited.
State that distillation is a process used to increase the
concentration of ethanol in ‘spirit’ drinks.
State that alcoholic drinks, if taken in excess, can have
damaging affects to health and mind.
State that to meet market demand, ethanol is made by
means other than fermentation.
State that industrial ethanol is manufactured by the
catalytic hydration of ethane.
State that ethanol can be converted back to ethane by
dehydration.
State that ethanol, mixed with petrol, can be used as fuel
for cars.
State that ethanol obtained from sugar cane is a renewable
source of energy.
Identify an alkanol as containing the hydroxyl functional
group (-OH)
State that alkanols are a homologous series based on the
corresponding parent alkanes
Write systematic names for alkanols, incorporating the
position of the hydroxyl group, from shortened and full
structural formulae C1 to C8
Draw full & shortened structural formulae for straight
chain alkanols given the names C1 to C8
Identify an alkanoic acid from the carboxyl functional
group and the ‘-oic’ name ending.
State that alkanoic acids are a homologous series based on
the parent alkanes
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Write systematic names for straight chain alkanoic acids
given the shortened or full structural formula C1 to C8
Draw full & shortened structural formulae for straight
chain alkanoic acids given their name C1 to C8.
State that esters are formed by the condensation reaction
between an alkanoic acid and an alkanol.
State that, in a condensation reaction, the molecules join
together by the reaction of the functional groups to make
water.
State that the ester link is formed by the reaction of a
hydroxyl group with a carboxyl group to make water.
Identify an ester from the ester group and the ‘-oate’
ending.
Name esters given the name of the alkanol & alkanoic acid
or from shortened & full structural formulae.
Draw full & shortened structural formulae for esters given
the names of the alkanol & alkanoic acid or the names of
esters.
State that esters can be broken back down into an alkanol
and an alkanoic acid in a process called Hydrolysis.
State that the formation and hydrolysis of an ester is an
example of a reversible reaction.
Name the products of hydrolysis of an ester given the name
of the ester.
Draw the full structural formula or shortened structural
formula of the products of hydrolysis given the name, full
or shortened structural formula of the ester.