Biology
Final Exam Objectives 2009
Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics
 Analyze the results obtained by Gregor Mendel in his experiments with garden peas.
 Predict the possible offspring of a genetic cross by using a Punnett square.
 Analyze how meiosis maintains a constant number of chromosomes within a species.
 Infer how meiosis leads to variation in a species.
 Relate Mendel’s laws of heredity to the events of meiosis.
Chapter 14 The Human Genome
 Distinguish between incompletely dominant and codominant alleles.
 Compare multiple allelic and polygenic inheritances.
 Describe traits that are controlled by multiple alleles.
Chapter12 DNA and RNA
 Analyze the structure of DNA.
 Determine how the structure of DNA enables it to reproduce itself accurately.
 Relate the concept of the gene to the sequences of nucleotides in DNA.
 Sequence the steps involved in protein synthesis.
Chapter 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
 Summarize Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection.
 Explain how structural and physiological adaptations of organisms relate to natural selection.
 Distinguish among the types of evidence for evolution.
Chapter 16 Evolution of Populations
 Summarize the effects of natural selection on gene pools.
 Define speciation and describe mechanisms that can lead to the development of a new species.
Chapter 19 Bacteria and Viruses
 Identify the different types of viruses.
 Compare and contrast the replication cycles of viruses.
 Explain the characteristics and adaptations of prokaryotes.
 Explain how prokaryotes get energy.
 Explain the methods by which prokaryotes reproduce.
 Describe how prokaryotes exchange gases with the environment.
Chapter 20 Protists
 Identify the characteristics of Kingdom Protista.
 Explain how protists get energy.
 Explain the methods by which protists reproduce.
 Describe how protists exchange gases with the environment.
 Compare and contrast the variety of plantlike protists (algae).
 Compare and contrast the different groups of protozoans.
Chapter 8 Photosynthesis and Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
 Describe the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
 Explain why organisms need a supply of energy.
 Describe the reactants and products of alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation.
Chapter 22 Plant Diversity
Chapter 23 Roots, Stems, and Leaves
Chapter 24 Reproduction of Seed Plants
 Identify the characteristics of all plants.
 Differentiate between vascular and non vascular plants.
 Describe the functions of roots, stems and leaves.
 Analyze the different types of plant responses.
 Identify the structures of a flower.
 Outline the processes of seed and fruit formation and seed germination.
Chapter 3: Nutrient Cycles
 Describe the role that nutrients play in an ecosystem
 Trace the pathway of nutrients through the environment
 Understand that nutrients follow a cyclic path through the environment
Chapter 21 Fungi
 Identify the basic characteristics of fungi.
 Explain the role of fungi as decomposers and how this role affects the flow of both energy and nutrients through
food chains.
 Explain how fungi get their energy.
 Analyze the responses in fungi.
 Explain how fungi reproduce.
 Describe how fungi exchange gases with their environment.
Chapter 26 section 26-1 Introduction to the Animal Kingdom
 Describe the characteristics of animals.
 Compare and contrast radial and bilateral symmetry with asymmetry.
 Compare body plans of aceolomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate animals.
Chapter 35 Nervous System
 Describe the functions of the nervous system
 How is a nerve impulse transmitted?
 Describe the functions of the different regions of the brain.
Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory System
 Identify the functions of the human circulatory system.
 Describe the structures of the circulatory system.
 Describe blood plasma.
 Explain the functions of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
 Describe respiration.
 Identify the function of the respiratory system.
 Describe gas exchange and breathing.
Chapter 38 Digestive and Excretory Systems
 Identify the organs of the digestive system.
 Describe the function of the digestive system.
Fetal Pig
 Know the structure and function of the structures you identified during the fetal pig dissection.
Wisconsin State Science Standards
 C.12.2 Identify issues from an area of science study, write questions that could be investigated, review previous
research on these questions, and design and conduct responsible and safe investigations to help answer the
question.
 F.12.1 Evaluate the normal structures and the general and special functions of cells in single-celled and
multiple-celled organisms.
 F.12.9 Using the science theme, investigate energy system (related to food chains) to show how energy is stored
in food and how energy is released by digestion and metabolism.
 F.12.10 Understand the impact of energy on organisms in living systems.
 F.12.11 Investigate how the complexity and organization or organisms accommodates the need for obtaining,
transforming, transporting, releasing, and eliminating the matter and energy used to sustain an organism.
 F.12.12 Trace how the sensory and nervous systems of various organisms react to the internal and external
environment and transmit survival or learning stimuli to cause changes in behavior and responses.