Sample Reference List
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Note that we strongly recommend bibliographic software like Endnote. Not only does
the software generate text citations and a reference list, it allows you to keep a
database of sources with annotations. However, no bibliographic software is perfect,
so you must proofread your references and know how each type of reference should be
constructed.
References
Administration on Aging. (2007). Profile of older Americans: 2007. Washington, DC:
Administration on Aging. Retrieved from http://www.agingcarefl.org/aging/AOA2007profile.pdf
Allen, C. B., Higgs, Z. R., & Holloway, J. R. (1988). Identifying students at risk for academic
difficulty. Journal of Professional Nursing: Official Journal of the American Association
of Colleges of Nursing, 4(2), 113-188.
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through
the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480. doi:10.1037/0003-X.55.5.469
Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the
twenties. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Astin, A. (1985). Achieving educational excellence: A critical assessment of priorities and
practices in higher education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Astin, A. (1993). What matters in college? Four critical years revisited. San Francisco, CA:
Jossey-Bass.
Aymer, M. P. (2005). Teaching Christians to "read": Theological education and the church.
Journal of the Interdenominational Theological Center, 32(1-2), 11-15.
Barbour, R. (1985). Dealing with the transsituational demands of professional socialization.
Sociological Review, 3, 495-531.
Sample Reference List
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Becker, C. E. (2000). Becoming colleagues: Women and men serving together in faith. San
Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Ben-Ari, A. (1998). An experimental attitude change: Social work students and homosexuality.
Journal of Homosexuality, 36, 59-71.
Bennett, S., BrintzenhofeSzoc, K., Mohr, J., & Saks, L. (2008). General and supervision-specific
attachment styles: Relations of student perceptions of field supervisors. Journal of Social
Work Education, 44(2), 75-94. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.
Bensimon, E. M. (1995). Total quality management in the academy: A rebellious reading.
Harvard Educational Review, 65(4), 593-611. Retrieved from JSTOR database.
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the
sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
Berger, J., & Milem, J. (2000). Organizational behavior in higher education and student
outcomes. In J. C. Smart (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research
(Vol. XV, pp. 268-338). New York, NY: Agathon.
Birnbaum, R. (1988). How colleges work: The cybernetics of academic organization and
leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American
Psychologist, 32(7), 513-531. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and
design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (Ed.). (2005). Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on
human development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Sample Reference List
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Buchan, J., & Aiken, L. (2008). Solving nursing shortages: A common priority. Journal of
Clinical Nursing, 17(24), 3262-3268. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02636.x
Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor. (2008). Frequently asked questions.
Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/nls/nlsfaqs.htm
Byron, M. (Ed.). (2004). Satisficing and maximizing: Moral theorists on practical reason.
Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Center for Postsecondary Research. (2004). Student engagement in law schools: A first look.
Bloomington, IN: Center for Postsecondary Research, Indiana University Bloomington.
Cephus, D. (2004). Rehabilitating prejudice: Framing issues of diversity in theological
education. In M. L. Warford (Ed.), Practical wisdom: On theological teaching and
learning (pp. 215-228). New York, NY: Lang.
Choy, S. P., Cataldi, E. F., & Griffith, J. (2006 June). Student financing of graduate and firstprofessional education, 2003-2004: Profiles of students in selected degree programs and
part-time students: Statistical analysis report. U.S. Department of Education, NCES
2006-185.
Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. (2009). Website of the Commission on Collegiate
Nursing Education. Retrieved January 26, 2009 from
http://www.aacn.nche.edu/Accreditation/index.htm
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches
(2nd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Fincher, W. (2007). Lifeworld. In G. Ritzer (Ed.), Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology.
Cambridge: Blackwell Publishing. Retrieved from Blackwell Reference Online.
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Herder and Herder.
Sample Reference List
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Galston, W. A. (2007 October 4). The changing 20s. Prepared for delivery at the National
Campaign's Forum on Being 20-Something in the 21st Century. Washington, DC:
Brookings Institution.
Hall, R. E. (1982). The importance of lifetime jobs in the U.S. economy. The American
Economic Review, 72(4), 716-724. Retrieved JSTOR database.
Hill Collins, P. (1991). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of
empowerment. New York, NY: Routledge.
Hillman, G. M. (2004). A multivariate study of perceived leadership development of masterslevel seminary students at Dallas Theological Seminary. Retrieved from ProQuest Digital
Dissertations. (AAT 3121290)
Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2005). Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice
(7th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
Juran, J. M. (2001). The non-Pareto principle: mea culpa. The Juran Institute. Retrieved May 1,
2008 from www.juran.com/research/articles/sp7515.html
Knodel, J. (1993).The design and analysis of focus group studies: A practical approach. In D. L.
Morgan (Ed.), Successful focus groups: Advancing the state of the art (pp. 35-50).
London, England: Sage Publications.
Kuh, G. D. (Ed.). (2005). Assessing conditions to enhance educational effectiveness: The
Inventory for Student Engagement and Success. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago
Press.
Ouichi, W. G., & Wilkins, A. L. (1985). Organizational culture. Annual Review of Sociology, 11,
457-483.
Sample Reference List
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Pascarella, E. (1985). College environmental influences on learning and cognitive development:
A critical review and synthesis. In J. Smart (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory
and research (Vol. 1, pp. l-61). New York, NY: Agathon.
Ruger, A., & Wheeler, B. W. (1995 April). Manna from heaven? Theological and rabbinical
student debt. Auburn Studies, No. 3. New York: Auburn Theological Seminary.
Available from www.auburnsem.org
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York,
NY: Basic Books.
Terenzini, P. T., & Reason, R. D. (2005, November). Parsing the first year of college: A
conceptual framework for studying college impacts. Paper presented at the meeting of the
Association for the Study of Higher Education, Philadelphia, PA.
Whyte, W. H. (1956). The organization man. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
References – Legal
AAUP University of Toledo Chapter v. University of Toledo, 797 N.E.2d 583 (Oh. Ct. Cmn.
Pleas 2003).
Executive Order 11246, 30 Fed. Reg. 12319, as amended by Executive Order 11375, 32 Fed.
Reg. 14303.
Florida ex rel. Hawkins v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
Gay and Lesbian Students Ass’n. v. Gohn, 850 F.2d 361 (8th Cir. 1988).
Gay Lesbian Bisexual Alliance v. Sessions, 917 F. Supp. 1548 (M.D. Ala. 1996).
Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003).
Papish v. Board of Curators of the University of Missouri, 410 U.S. 667 (1973).
Sample Reference List
Perry v. Sinderman, 408 U.S. 593 (1972).
Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U.S. 563 (1968).
Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, 515 U.S. 819 (1995).
Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989).
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 U.S.C. § 1681 et seq.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.
Uzzell v. Friday, 625 F.2d 1117 (4th Cir. 1980) (en banc).
United States v. Fordice, 505 U.S. 717 (1992).
Weser v. Glen, 190 F. Supp. 2d 384, 387-88, 395-406 (E.D.N.Y. 2000), affirmed summarily
without published opinion, 168 West’s Educ. Law. Rptr. 132 (3d Cir. 2002).
We have included here samples of the most common types of references. See the
Publication Manual, 6th ed. for more details.
APA requires that all sources cited in a paper must be included in “references.”
Sources which may have been reviewed by you but not cited in text are not included
on the reference list.
Some of the references are included to indicate the quality of sources that should be
consulted for a dissertation or class paper.
When you use the spell checker for your reference list, it will suggest several changes
in capitalization, spacing, and spelling. Be sure to confirm that you have the authors’
names and titles correct.
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