STA 1060
Dr. Pepe
Chapter 2
Excel and PHStat2
Frequency Histogram (Excel 2007)
Tools | Data Analysis | Histogram (you must check box at bottom CHART OUTPUT)
Input needed: Raw Data (Variable Cell Range) and Bin Values
Before running this procedure you must create the Bin values
Steps: 1.) Decide on the number of classes- this depends on your data. (between 5 and 20).
2.) Calculate the class width: (Max value – Min. value) / # of classes. Round the class
width to the next largest whole number.
3.) Start with the Minimum value and add class width, this will give you the first
LCL (lower class limit). Continue until you have the number of LCL’s necessary
(number of classes decided in step 1).
4.) Find the UCL (upper class limits) by using the second LCL minus one. This gives the
first UCL. Then add the class width until you have all the values for UCL’s. The
UCL values are your bin values!
5.) Now run Histogram procedure. You will create a spreadsheet with the frequency
table data and the histogram. Check that the frequencies are correct!
6.) Excel may give you a More category with zero observations at the end of the
frequency printout. Remove this category from the frequency data spreadsheet;
this will automatically remove it from the chart.
To Edit graph (click to edit):
1.Remove spaces between bars:(right click on bar), format data series | options, change to
gap 0, ok
2.Change the label for the x-axis by directly editing the label (clicking on label area)
3.Get rid of the “more” category in the frequency output: Click on a bar, right click, Source
Data, Series, values or click on bar, move to frequency table and adjust highlighted data
Relative Frequency Histogram or Relative Percentage Histogram
Data | Data Analysis Select: Histogram
Input needed: Raw Data, Bin Values and Midpoint Values plus Relative Frequency
Create a column of data values on the frequency table output, which was generated from
creating a Frequency Histogram (above). The relative frequency column of data should be
the bin frequency divided by the total number of observations. Or to use relative percentage
(Bin freq / Total obs.)* 100%. Then with chart editing, change data source to use this column
of values in place of the frequency.
Alternative Method: PHStat Descriptive Statistics Histograms & Polygons
Stem-and-Leaf Display (PHStat only)
PHStat Descriptive Statistics | Stem-and-Leaf Display
Input needed: Raw Data (Variable Cell Range)
Plot or Scatterplot (two numerical variables)
Insert | Chart | XY (Scatter)
Input needed: Data needs to be in (x,y) pairs. Chart Wizard will assume the X
variable is located in the first column of the cell range. Follow directions. Add x-axis
and y-axis labels and chart title.
Pie Chart (categorical data)
Enter data in the form of a table, click on any cell, Insert, Chart, Pie
Select all data except totals
Check and change legend, labels and title.
To change number of decimal places, right click on one of the %’s
Alternative Method: PHStat Descriptive Statistics | One-Way Tables & Charts
Single Numerical Variable
Descriptive Statistics
Excel | Data | Data Analysis | Descriptive Statistics
Options (Check boxes):
Summary Statistics (Make sure you check this option)
Confidence Level
Kth largest
Kth smallest
Summary Statistics Include:
Mean
Standard Error
Range
Median
Minimum
Mode
Maximum
Standard Deviation
Sum
Sample Variance
Count
Kurtosis
Skewness
(Note: more than one variable may be specified at one time)
Be careful of whether you include labels in the first row!
When you generate the output, stretch out the columns so you can read the numbers.
Label the new spreadsheet “Summary Stats”.
Box and Whisker Plot plus Descriptive Statistics (PHStat only)
PHStat | Descriptive Statistics | Box & Whisker Plot
The box shows the lowest value, Q1, Q2, Q3 and highest value
Options for: Single variable, multiple groups unstacked or groups stacked
Follow directions for single variable.
Check box for Five-Number Summary (min, Q1, median, Q3 and max values)
Diagram shows minimum and maximum values as broken lines. Solid lines
designate Q1, median, and Q3 (from left to right). Five number summary
values are printed on a separate sheet.