Chapter 5: Duplicating the DNA: Replication:
Fill in the blank/answer the questions:
1. The process of making copies of the DNA found in chromosomes is known as
______________.
2. Upon cell division, each of the descendants gets ______ ____________
__________ of the DNA.
3. The first step in replication is to :
4. The next step in replication is to:
5. The sequence of each strands dictates what the other strand will look like
because:
6. Why is DNA replication called semi-conservative replication? What does it mean
to be conserved? What is being conserved?
7. What must happen to the supercoils and the double helix before replication can
begin?
8. Which enzyme unwinds the supercoils?
9. Why don’t the strands of DNA fly apart during the uncoiling of the supercoil?
10. Which enzyme unwinds the DNA helix?
11. Helicase does not ____________ the DNA chains, it simply disrupts the
______________ ____________ which were holding the base pairs together.
12. How are the parental strands of DNA kept apart?
13. Each of the separated parental strands of DNA serves as a ______________
_______________ for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.
14. Does hydrogen bonding alone account for base pairing?
Explain.
Getz 2004
15. The enzyme that can proofread hydrogen bonding is known as
_________________________________.
16. Which enzyme seals up the gap between the phosphate and the sugar next to it?
17. What direction does DNA synthesis go in?
18. The sugar connects to the base at the ______ carbon.
19. The sugar connects to its phosphate at the _________ carbon.
20. The phosphate of one nucleotide joins the sugar of another nucleotide by
bonding with which carbon on the sugar of the second nucleotide?
21. So, if we are synthesizing a strand of DNA and we are adding a base to the right
side of the strand, is the 5’ carbon or the 3’ carbon sticking out on the left side?
22. Why are the strands of DNA considered to be antiparallel?
23. Describe what exists at a replication fork.
24. The strand of DNA that is continuously made is known as the
________________ ________________.
25. The strand that is made in short segments is known as the ________________
________________ .
26. The tiny fragments made on the lagging strand are known as _____________
_____________. What is between the fragments?
27. How are gaps filled on the lagging strand?
28. What does DNA polymerase need in order to know it should start replicating
DNA?
29. The primer that DNA polymerase uses is made out of __________.
30. The enzyme that makes these short RNA pieces called primers, is known as
__________________.
31. How is the DNA wound into a helix after the polymerase has added new base
pairs?
32. Why are there 2 replication forks on bacterial chromosomes?
33. How does the “new” chromosome get into the “new” cell?
34. What separates the chromosomes from the rests of the cell?
35. List the 5 general steps the book describes for mitosis:
36. What are replication bubbles?
37. DNA replication takes place during which part of the cell cycle?
38. What happens during gap 1 and gap 2 phases?
39. What happens in the M phase (in general).
40. What happens during prophase?
41. What happens during metaphase?
42. What happens during anaphase?
43. What happens during telophase?