SSN Anatomy #1
Abby Pease (arp2002) & Matthew Maserati (mbm2004)
September 25, 2002
FEELING, BREATHING, PUMPING
1. ORGANIZATION OF THE SPINAL CORD AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES
On the following diagram, label and draw in pathways for somatic afferent, visceral afferent,
somatic efferent, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nervous systems. Be sure to label:
dorsal / lateral / ventral horns, dorsal / ventral roots, dorsal root ganglion, white / gray rami
communicantes, sympathetic chain, paravertebral ganglion, prevertebral ganglion,
splanchnic nerve, and spinal nerve.
2. MOTOR INNERVATION OF LUNGS AND HEART
Complete the following table:
Innervation /function Lungs
Sympathetic
Heart
THORACIC SPLANCHNIC BRANCHES
FROM SYMPATHETIC CHAIN.
Symp. Function
Parasympathetic
Parasymp. Function
VAGUS N.
SLOW HEART RATE AND REDUCE
STROKE VOLUME
Finish the sentence. Sympathetic innervation is (adrenergic/cholinergic), and
parasympathetic innervation is (adrenergic/cholinergic)
3. What is REFERRED PAIN?
Where is it possible to have referred pain as a result of pleurisy (inflammation of the lung
pleura)? [hint: what innervation does the diaphragm receive?]
4. What is the significance of LANGER’S LINES?
5. LYMPHATICS
Complete the following tables:
Portion of breast
Lateral / inferior (75% of breast tissue)
Medial
Superior
Superficial
Organ
Bronchi, Trachea
Hilus of Lung
Esophagus
Posterior IC Spaces
Anterior IC Spaces
Lymphatic Drainage
SUPRACLAVICULAR NODES
Nodal Drainage
Entrance into Systemic Venous Circulation
HILAR
THORACIC DUCT → L BRACHIOCEPHALIC V.
6. MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION
Complete the following table:
Type of breathing
Muscles responsible
Relaxed Inspiration
Relaxed Expiration
Forced Inspiration
Forced Expiration
MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION (Continued)
Fill in the blanks: (see diagram in April, p.247)
Synergist muscles act on the
side of the axis of rotation or are
to each
other on the
side of the axis of rotation. Antagonist muscles act on the
side of the
axis of rotation or are
to each other on the
side of the axis of rotation.
7. MECHANICS OF INSPIRATION
Complete the following table:
Aspect of inspiration
Increase in which diameter (transverse or antero-posterior)?
“Bucket-handle” effect
“Pump-handle” effect
Rotation effect
8. BREATHING DIFFICULTIES
Why is breathing more difficult for the elderly? How do they (and children) compensate for
this?
What type of breathing do obese people favor and why?
If a patient is bed ridden and having difficulties breathing, name one simple, non-invasive
procedure you could perform to help. Why is this procedure so successful?
9. PLEURAL RECESSES
What are pleural recesses and name the two of them?
What might you find in them in a pathological situation?
Where do you tap a patient with hemothorax to sample the fluid and why?
Complete the following table:
Type of
Symptoms
pneumothorax
Consequences
Sucking
Tension
10. STRUCTURE OF THE LUNG AND CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES
Contrast the size and shape of the Right and Left Lung.
What are the differences in shape and position of the left and right main stem bronchi and
what clinical significance does this have?
What section of the lung is most likely to be involved in aspiration pneumonia (Mendelson’s
syndrome)?
STRUCTURE OF THE LUNG AND CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES CONTINUED
What is a Pancoast tumor and what are its clinical sequelae?
What structures would be found at the hilus of the lung?
What are the main components of a bronchopulmonary segment?.
11. JOINTS
Joint Type
Movement (Y/N)
Examples
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
12. DIAPHRAGMATIC HIATUS
Complete the following table:
Hiatus
Structures transmitted
Aortic
Esophageal
Caval
Location
13.
CARDIAC CYCLE
14. FETAL CIRCULATION
Complete the following table:
Prenatal
Shunts blood
Circulatory
from:
Anatomy
Umbilical Veins
Ductus Venosus UMBILICAL VEIN
Foramen Ovale
Ductus
Arteriosus
Umbilical
Arteries
13. CARDIAC MALFORMATIONS
Complete the following table:
Defect
R Auricular
Appendage
L Auricular
Cardiac
Appendage
Atrial Septal Defect
Shunts blood
to:
Homologous adult structure
FOSSA OVALIS (PULMONARY SHUNT)
AORTA
Vascular Pathology
Sequelae
PATENT FOSSA OVALIS
Small VSD
VSD w/ pulmonary
artery stenosis
R→L SHUNT LEADING TO
CYANOSIS
Ventricular
Septal
Tetralogy of Fallot
14. VALVE DEFECTS
Complete the following table:
Type of Valve Pathology
Atypical Sounds
Atrioventricular
INSUFFICIENCY
Atrioventricular
STENOSIS
Semilunar
INSUFFICIENCY
Semilunar
STENOSIS
Pitch
15. CORONARY CIRCULATION
Complete the following table.
Variation
Balanced (60-65% of the population)
Left Preponderant (10-15%)
Right Preponderant (20-25%)
Arterial Supply
15. CLINICAL QUICKIES AND OTHER QUICKIES
What spinal nerve innervates the nipple?
The umbilicus?
.
How can you diagnose a breast tumor by observation only?
What happens to the costal groove with coarcation with the aorta?
What are the two routes used to perform pericardiocentesis?
What are the first arteries off the aorta, and when does blood flow through them?
What veins of the heart DO NOT drain into the coronary sinus?
What is the function of the papillary muscles?
What is the Bundle of Kent and what is its clinical significance?
The Left brachiocephalic artery…
Esophageal varices are often associated with what condition?
Finish the sentence. Cervical spinal nerves exit just (above/below) the corresponding
vertebrae; thoracic spinal nerves exit just (above/below) the corresponding vertebrae.