AP BIOLOGY
Name ________________________
Tissue Observation Lab.
Instructions: Independently visit each station and using a sharp pencil:
1. Observe and draw the following tissues in the space provided in the last column on the right.
2. Label all underlined terms neatly using a straight edge. The description will help you locate the tissue components
that are to be labeled.
3. You are to also determine the type of tissue in the second column to the right.
Tissue
1.
2.
3.
Description and labels to be added to your drawing
Kidney
Structure: Cuboidal cells with a central nucleus.
These cells are found in ducts, glands, portions of
the kidney tubules; thyroid gland.
Function: Limited protection, secretion, absorption
Tendon
Structure: collagen fibers are parallel to each other,
packed tightly, and aligned with the force applied to
the tissue. Collagen secreting fibroblast nuclei lie
between and parallel to the collagen fibers
Function: Provide a firm attachment; conducts pull of
muscle; reduces friction between muscles; stabilizes
the relative position of bones.
Structure: A dense connective tissue dominated by
elastic fibers. The collagen secreting fibroblast
nuclei lie between the parallel elastic fibers.
Function: Stabilizes positions of bones to another or
stabilizes the positions of internal organs
Structure: Surrounding the central Haversian canal
are concentric circles of cavities in which the bone
cells or osteocytes are found. Connecting the
osteocytes to the Haversian Canal are tiny canaliculi,
which pass through the calcium, collagen,
phosphorous matrix.
Function: Bone provides protection to vital organs;
stores minerals such as calcium; produces blood cells
and provide anchorage points for skeletal muscle,
hence enable locomotion by contraction and leverage.
Structure: The most common type of cartilage is a
soft, somewhat flexible matrix containing cartilage
cells called chondrocytes, surrounded by the hollow
lacunae.
Function: Hyaline cartilage provides the cushioning
connection between the bones of the ribs and
sternum, the cartilage of the nose and supporting
cartilage along the air passageways of the
respiratory tract.
Structure and Location; These are smooth,
relatively flat cells which line the body cavities;
endothelia lining of the heart and blood vessels;
portions of the kidney tubules; the inner lining of the
cornea; alveoli of the lungs. Label the nucleus, cell
membrane and cytoplasm.
Function: Reduces friction; controls vessel
permeability; performs absorption and secretion.
Ligament
4.
Compact Bone
5.
Hyaline
Cartilage
6.
Type of Tissue
Epithelial,
Connective,
Contractile,
Neural
Squamous
epithelium
Pencil drawing of representative
tissues from center of the field of
view.
(Draw less area, but draw more
detail.)
7.
Adipose
tissue
8.
Nerve tissue
9.
Human Blood
Smear
10.
Cardiac
Muscle
Structure/location: Deep to the skin, especially at
sides, buttocks, breasts, padding around eyeballs, and
kidneys, these cells look empty because the alcohol
soluble lipids have dissolved in the slide processing.
The nucleus is located at the edge of the cell.
Functions: Provides padding and cushions shock;
insulates (reduces heat loss); stores energy reserves.
Structure: Extending from the cell body are short
branched dendrites and a long branched axon. Within
the cell body is the nucleus, which surrounds a
central nucleolus. The longest cell in your body.
Function: A specialize cell that receives from
receptors electrochemical impulses and transmits
impulses to the central nervous systems, enabling the
organism to adapt to internal or external
environmental changes.
Composition: The most numerous cells are the pink,
biconcave, non-nucleated, erythrocytes which are
suspended in the clear plasma. Platelets are dwarfed
by the larger erythrocytes and nucleate leukocytes.
Function: Erythrocytes transport oxygen; platelets
initiate the blood clotting cascade of enzyme
activity; Leukocytes are part of the bodies defense
mechanism; the plasma contains dissolved proteins,
water, salts, metabolic wastes, sugars … etc.
Structure: Cells are short, branched, and striated,
usually with a single nucleus; cells are interconnected
by intercalated discs.
Function: Circulates blood; maintains blood
(hydrostatic) pressure.
11.
12.
Skeletal
Muscle
Smooth
Muscle
13.
Gallbladder
Structure: Cells are long, cylindrical, striated, and
multinucleated. Label a nucleus, striations, and muscle
fiber.
Function: Move or stabilizes the position of the
skeleton; guards entrances and exits to digestive,
respiratory, and urinary tracts; generates heat;
protects internal organs.
Structure: Cells are short, spindle-shaped, and
nonstriated, with single, central nucleus.
Function: Moves food, urine, and reproductive tract
secretions; controls diameter of respiratory
passageways; regulates diameter of blood vessels
Structure: Columnar epithelium cells line the
stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes and
collecting ducts of kidneys. These cells are taller and
more slender than cuboidal epithelium cells. The
elongated nuclei are crowded into a narrow band
close to the basal lamina which separates the
epithelial cells from the loose connective tissue
below.
Function: Protection, secretion and absorption.
Complete the table below.
1. Which animal would have a higher BMR, a rabbit or bear? ________
Support
2. Which animal would have a higher SMR, a frog or an alligator? _________ Support
3. Which animal of the four listed above would consume the most calories /gram of body weight? ____ Support
4. Which animal would consume the most total calories per day? ____________ Support
5. List two advantages of a compact, complex body form in which most of the body cells are not in contact with the external
environment.
Chapter 40: An Introduction to Animal Structure and Function
Name ___________________________
_1. Cartilage
A. can be transformed into bone during ossification
C. is part of epithelial tissue
B. binds muscle to bone
D. covers muscle
__2. A group of cells similar in structure and function is a(n)
A. organ
B. systemC. tissue
D. organism
__3. Smooth muscle tissue
A. is attached to the skeleton
C. forms the walls of the heart
B. contains many nuclei in each cell
D. is in the walls of veins
__4. Adipose tissue is
A. a storage tissue
C. held together by cartilage
B. a muscle tissue
D. an epithelial tissue
__5. A leukocyte is a type of
A. muscle cell
B. blood cell
C. receptor
__6. Epithelial cells
A. line body cells
C. form connective tissue
D. cellular inclusion
B. cover body surfaces
D. have many nuclei in a single cell
__7. Voluntary muscle cells are
A. smooth
B. striated
C. ciliated
D. branched
__8. Cardiac muscle is found in the
A. stomach
B. intestine
C. heart
D. veins
__9. Red blood corpuscles are called
A. lymphocyte
B. erythrocytes
C. thrombocytes
D. leucocytes
__10. One type of bone cell is a(n)
A. osteocyte
B. neuron
C. thrombocyte
D. goblet cell
MATCHING
__1. A group of cells having the same origin and function
A. adipose
__2. A group of different tissues having a common function
B. cilia
__3. A tissue in which fat is stored.
C. fibrous
__4. Connective tissue which joins the bones together at a joint.
D. endothelium
__5. A type of connective tissue that provides flexibility.
E. simple squamous epithelium
__6. Group of different organs working together with a common function
F. cartilage
__7. The inner lining of all blood vessels.
G. matrix
__8. A lubricating secretion.
H. mucus
__9. The intercellular material in connective tissue.
I. organ
__10. A protein found in nonelastic connective tissue fibers.
J. system
__11. Small hairlike projections on certain cells.
K. collagen
L. tissue
M. neuron