Central Georgia Technical College
Clinical Laboratory Technology Program
Clinical Practicum Worksheet #1
CLBT 2130 - Chemistry
Student _______________________________
Clinical Affiliate _______________
Department ____________________________
Dates of rotation _______________
(Used additional sheets as necessary)
1. Define mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and reference (nornal) range.
How are the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation calculated?
2. Compare and contrast QC, and QA.
3. Discuss the need for department QA and/or QC programs.
4. Explain the purpose of proficiency testing.
5. By what method is serum creatinine measured? What is the principle of this reaction?
6. What information is required to calculate a 24-hour creatinine clearance? Write the
formula. What are the units used when reporting creatinine clearance?
7. What effect, if any, would moderate hemolysis and/or lipemia in serum have on the
chemical analysis for the following analytes: potassium, lactate dehydrogeriase (LDH),
creatine kinase (CK), amylase, thyroxine, calcium.
8. Define the anion gap. Calculate the anion gap for the following set of data, and state
whether the anion gap is within normal limits. Na = 145 mmollL, K = 4.2 mmolfL, Cl =
100 mEq/L, HCO3 = 28 mEq/L.
9. Explain the principles of osmometry and osmolality measurement by freezingpoint
depression or vapor pressure.
10. List the major serum osmolality constituents that affect osmolality.
11. List the significance of the urine/serum osmolality ratio as an important tool in
evaluating H20 balance and renal function.
12. Explain the significance of the following selected classes of therapeutic drugs:
Cardioactive, Antiepileptic, Bronchodilator, Antibiotic, Antipsychotic, Antineoplastic
13. Explain the significance of performing therapeutic drug monitoring.
14. Define the following terminology: Therapeutic level, Toxic level, Steady-state, Peak
and Trough concentrations, Half-life.
15. For each of the following methods of chemical analysis, state the underlying chemical
principle: flame photometry, nephelometry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry,
chromatography, electrophoresis.
16. What is hypokalemia? How is it produced?
17. Contrast the results expected for conjugated bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin in
prehepatic, hepatic, and posthepatic jaundice. How is the unconjugated bilirubin level
calculated? What are the specimen collection requirements for bilirubun testing?
18. Briefly describe the protocol for administering a glucose tolerance test.
19. State the most common methods used to quantitate each of the following minerals:
Calcium, Phophorus, Magnesium, Iron
20. List the three major isoenzymes of CK.
21. For what disorder does the sweat test provide diagnostic results? Which electrolytes
are examined? How is sweating induced?
22. Which methods are commonly used to analyze amniotic fluid samples for fetal lung
maturity? What values of L/S ratio are associated with fetal lung maturity? Name one
condition that may occur during pregnancy and falsely elevate the L/S ratio.
23. What is azotemia? Uremia? What is the normal BUN:Creatinine ratio, and what does
an increased ratio signify? What methods are commonly used to quantitate BUN in serum
and urine?
24. What effect does a transfusion reaction have on serum iron values? On serum
haptoglobin levels?
25. What is the relationship between total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and serum iron?
What is % saturation and how is it calculated? What is ferritin, and what does a low
serum ferritin indicate?
26. Define and compare VLDL, LDL, I{DL. What is the formula for estimating LDL
cholesterol?
27. Copper is bound to what protein in the liver?
28. What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus? What are the
classifications of diabetes mellitus?
29. For each of the following hormones, state one disorder that would produce an
increase or decrease in the level of the hormone?
Estrogen, Progesterone, Parathyroid Hormone, Growth Hormone, Calcitonin
30. What are three major causes of elevated uric acid levels?