Group Work on Organelles:
An example is given. Please complete using the information in your book (pp. 36-42).
Organelle
Plasma Membrane
Nucleus / Nucleolus
Ribosome
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Structure
Form Follows
Function
Phospholipid
Bilayer creates
bilayer with
barrier between
proteins embedded outside and inside
the cell the
proteins create
channels to allow
the selective
movement of
molecules.
Has a nuclear
Protects the DNA
envelope
from the rest of
surrounding
the cell
nucleoplasm.
environment-but
Envelope has
permits proteins
pores. Contains
to enter and leave
chromatin (DNA).
the nucleus and
mRNA to leave for
protein synthesis.
Protein and
RNA in two
subunits.
Can be
attached to
the Rough
ER.
Function
Regulates
homeostasis
between external
environment and the
cell.
Stores genetic info
which determines
characteristics of the
body.
Nucleolus: makes
ribosomes.
Size allows
Protein
them to be
Synthesis
connected
(makes
to the ER.
proteins)
Two parts
allow it to
clamp on to
the mRNA
so that it
can read
the genetic
code.
Membranous Ribosome Modification
saccules
attachment and editing of
and
makes the
proteins
channels
proteins
studded with
directly
ribosomes. enter the ER
– no energy
is wasted
on
transporting
them.
- increased
S.A.
Smooth Endoplasmic
Same but
Close to
Reticulum
without
golgi for
ribosomes.
ease of
packaging
of products
for
exocytosis.
- increased
S.A.
Golgi Apparatus
Stacks of Close to ER
membranous (product
saccules.
makers) so
Made of the
it can
same
package
material as their goods.
the plasma Also close
membrane. to plasma
membrane
for
exocytosis.
- increased
created by the
ribosomes.
Synthesizes
phospholipids,
detox drugs,
and makes fat
based
steroids and
hormones.
Process and
package
molecules.
S.A.
Vesicle
Small
Pieces of
membranous golgi – they
sacs that
are the
pinch off of packages.
the golgi.
Close to
membrane
for
exocytosis.
Made of
same
bilayer so
chemically
compatable.
Lysosome/Peroxisome Membrane Can move
bound
around to
organelles
bind with
containing
vesicles
hydrolytic
containing
enzymes or material to
(H2O2).
be digested.
Contained
so that it
doesn’t
digest other
organelles.
Mitochondria
Double
The folds of
layered
the cristae
membrane.
increase
Inner
surface
membrane area for the
Carry proteins
and other
products to
the
membrane or
to a
lysosome.
Digestion of
unwanted
material (dead
cells, bacteria,
viruses, etc.)
Production of
ATP through
cellular
respiration.
Sugar +
Cytoskeleton
Cilia/Flagella
Centriole
folded to
production Oxygen 
form cristae. of ATP. The
Carbon
Within the
matrix
Dioxide +
inner
allows the Water + ATP
membrane is enzymes
an enzyme needed for
matrix.
the
chemical
reactions to
be activated
for
respiration.
Protein
Bones of Structure and
fibers within
the cell.
movement
the
Highway inside the cell.
cytoplasm system for
nuclear
division
(creates
spindle
fibers)
Protein
Protein
Move cell or
filaments
stablizes
help sweep
extentions of
the
debris over
cytoplasm projections.
surface of
cell.
Made of
Protein
Creates
protein
stabilizes spindle fibers.
filaments.
for use
during
nuclear
division