HL Ecology: Final Exam Review Packet
Mr. Distasio /Mr Liscinski
Name_____________________________________ per ____ date __________
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Opossum
Mammal known for its prehensile tail.
Eastern Hemlock
Tannic acid comes from this type of tree.
Tannersville
PA town known named for its tanneries.
Biomonitoring
Using biological data to examine water quality.
Calcium & Magnesium
The two minerals responsible for hard water.
Opposite
Leaf arrangement: two leaves per node.
Alternate
Leaf arrangement: one leaf per node.
Pinnate
Leaf venation: veins branch from a central midrib.
Palmate
Leaf venation: veins branch from a central point at the leaf base.
Parallel
Leaf venation: veins run side-by-side.
Compound
Leaf composition: blade divided into leaflets.
Simple
Leaf composition: blade all in one piece.
Lobed
Leaf margin: leaf edge has lobes and sinuses.
Toothed
Leaf margin: leaf edge has small, regular serrations.
Entire/Smooth
Leaf margin: leaf edge has no lobes, sinuses or serrations.
Eastern Hemlock
PA State Tree.
White Pine
Only five-needled pine in PA.
American Chestnut
Once valuable tree – now affected by a blight.
Sugar Maple
Used to make bowling pins, floors, furniture, cabinets & cue sticks
American Beech
Smooth gray bark, big, pointy bud, edible nuts
Black Cherry
Valuable tree found along PA’s northern tier. PA supplies 75% of
the world’s supply.
Oak
This type of tree produces acorns.
Aspen
Flat petioles cause leaves of this tree to move in the slightest breeze.
Cedar
Wood from this aromatic tree is used to make moth-resistant closets.
Witch Hazel
This tree’s extract is used as an astringent.
Sassafras
Three distinct leaf shapes. Teas, soaps & flavoring.
Catalpa
Easily identified by its “bean”.
Hickory
Compound leaf, often used for smoking meats. Eg. Shagbark
Locust
Compound leaves, protective thorns. Eg. Black, Honey
White Ash
Baseball bats, oars, tennis racquets. Compound, opposite.
Poison Ivy
All parts of this plant are poisonous. “Leaves of three let them be”
Pulpwood
This classification of wood is used to make paper.
Chlorine
Greenish-yellow gas. Enters streams through paper mills, pools and
bleaches.
Aspen
When it comes to succession, this tree is a “pioneer”.
Increment Borer
Tool used to obtain a core sample form a tree.
Clinometer, Hypsometer
Tool(s) used to estimate the height of a tree.
DBH
Measured at 41/2 feet of the ground by foresters.
1930
Year that Hawk Mountain was purchased.
Rosalie Edge
Woman who purchased Hawk Mountain.
Xylem
Plant cells that carry water up a plant.
Phloem
Plant cells that carry food down.
Cambium
Region of cell division where an annual ring is added.
Pith
The center “core” of a tree cross-section.
Sapwood
The lighter colored ring of wood found just under the bark of a tree.
Heartwood
The darker colored ring of wood that gives support to a tree.
Boardfoot
A piece of wood 12”X12”X1”
Veneer
A thin sheet of wood used to cover inexpensive wood.
48. Nitrates & Phosphates
The presence of these compounds in a stream may result in
algae blooms.(2)
49. Delaware
The streams of Monroe County are part of this watershed.
50. Dendrology
The study of trees.
51. Dendrochronology
The study of tree rings.
52. Silviculture
The human management of forest resources.
53. Succession
The natural progression from bare soil to climax community.
54. 35 -40
The average annual rainfall in PA (in inches)
55. Deer
“The most serious problem” faced by PA’s lumber industry.
56. Pellet
The regurgitated fur, bones, teeth etc. of a raptor.
57. South
This slope of a hill usually contains hardwood trees & fertile soil.
58. North
This slope of a hill usually contains softwoods & acidic, sterile soil.
59. Osprey
The “fish hawk”.
60. Saw Whet
The smallest PA owl.
61. American Kestrel
Small falcon with the ability to hover.
62. Barred
Dark-eyed owl, “who-cooks-for-you” call.
63. Great Horned
Largest PA owl, “tiger of the sky”, 1200 psi.
64. Gyr
Falcon owned by noblemen.
65. Peregrine
Falcon reintroduced into urban areas.
66. Accipiters
Forest hawks, flap-flap-flap glide flight, i.e. Coopers & Sharpshin
67. Buteos
Soaring flight, Redtail, Broadwing, Red-shouldered for example.
68. Golgen
Midwestern eagle who hunts jackrabbits.
69. Turkey Vulture
Carrion eater, sense of smell, dihedral pattern, rocking flight.
70. Owl
Raptor group: silent flight, facial disk, ear tufts, asymmetrical ears.
71. Asynchronous
Eggs don’t hatch at the same time.
72. DDT
Pesticide banned in the 1970’s. Still made & sold by the US.
73. Nictitating
Clear membrane on the eye for protection.
74. Supraorbital
Ridge above the eye on buteos & eagles used to shield from sun.
75. Talons
The claws of a raptor.
76. Eyas
Baby raptors.
77. 80-90%
Mortality rate of young raptors (%).
78. Eyrie
Name given to a Bald Eagle’s nest.
79. Sexual Dimorphism
Males & females differ in body form & structure.
80. Habitat Loss
#1 problem faced by the California Condor.
81. Beaver
Largest PA rodent.
82. 6.5-8.5
pH range preferred by trout
83. Plankton
Microscopic plants & animals that serve as the basis for many
aquatic food chains.
84. Gary Alt
PGC biologist famous for his bear research.
85. pH
Potential for Hydrogen ions; measured on a scale from 1-14.
86. Carrying Capacity
The number of organisms an area can support indefinitely.
87. Thermal
Rising heated air masses.
88. Cold
Which water usually has a higher D.O., warm or cold?
89. Carnivore
Eats meat exclusively.
90. Herbivore
Eats vegetation exclusively.
91. Omnivore
Eats both plant and animal matter.
92. Class I
Which class of aquatic organisms is very pollution sensitive, I,II or III?
93. Non-point
Agricultural & stormwater runoff, acid mine drainage: Point or Nonpoint pollution?
94. Quills
Spines on a porcupine.
95. Susquehanna
Large, central PA river that empties into the Chesapeake Bay.
96. Lead
Toxin associated with neurological & developmental damage in children.
97. Harrier
Marsh Hawk” with a white rump patch.
98. Photoperiodism
The response of organisms to varying period of light.
99. Elk & Cameron
The two PA counties where you might find elk.
100.750-850
The approximate # of elk in PA.
101.Spring
The season when most animals give birth,
102.1.5 years
Before antler restrictions, the average age of a whitetail deer
when it was harvested in PA.
103.Chipmunk
Smallest PA squirrel, cheek pouches, stripes.
104.Raccoon
Masked bandit who “washes” its food.
105.Cottontail Rabbit
PA’s #1 small game animal.
106.Malocclusion
The abnormal growth of incisors.
107.Diurnal
This means “active during the day”.
108.Nocturnal
This means “active at night”
109.Scrape
A patch on the ground where a whitetail buck paws away the leaves.
110.Rub
A mark on a tree created by a whitetail’s antlers.
111.Age, Diet & Genetics
The three factors that determine how large a whitetail’s antlers will grow.
112.Rut
Another name for the mating season for some animals.
113.Black Bear
Pa mammal with the largest home range.
114.Rodents
Mammal group: squirrels, beaver, muskrat, porcupine.
115.Weasel
Mammal group: river otter, skunk, mink, ermine.
116.Limestone
Stream with a higher buffering capacity: Freestone or Limestone?
117.Freestone
Most common stream type in PA: Freestone or Limestone?
118.Decrease
As you move up the food chain, does the amount of available
energy increase or decrease?
119.AMD
The #1 source of water pollution in PA.
120.Opossum
North America’s only marsupial.
121.Fisher
Reintroduced to PA in 1995, preys on porcupines, weasel family.
122.Opossum
Displays catatonic shock, more teeth than any other mammal.
123.Delayed Implantation
Putting pregnancy “on hold”
124.Red Fox, Gray Fox, Coyote The three canine predators in PA.
125.Bobcat
PA’s largest feline predator, protected from 1972 -2000. Now limited
trapping
126. River Otter
Protected, reintroduced, fish-eating weasel.
127.R-selective
High # of young, little parental care, high infant mortality.
128.K-selective
Low # of young, high parental care, low infant mortality.
129. Pole Timber
Classification of trees ranging from 4-12 inches at DBH.
130.Sawlog
Classification of trees with a diameter greater than 12”
131.Deciduous
Term for trees who lose their leaves.
132.Pruning
The process of trimming the terminal buds from trees.
133.Diameter Limit Cut
The most commonly used non-silvicultural technique in PA.
134.Detritus
Dead & decomposing organic matter.
135.Pelagic
“free swimming”
136.Pathogenic
disease causing
137. Imago
another name for the adult stage of an insect
138. Lotic
pertaining to flowing water
139. Lentic
pertaining to non-flowing water
140. Littoral
the “near-shore” zone of bodies of water
141. Limnetic
the “open water” zone of ponds, lakes, etc...
142. Instar
the developmental stage between two molting events
143. Brackish
describes freshwater with a high salt content
144. Catadromous
migrates from freshwater to saltwater to spawn
145. Anadromous
migrates from saltwater to freshwater to spawn
146. Plankton
microscopic, aquatic plants & animals
147. Eutrophication
aquatic succession; the enrichment of an aquatic environment with
nutrients & organic matter
148.Benthic
means “bottom dwelling”
149. D
150. F
151. A
152. H
153. C
154 E
155 G
156 B
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Tsuga canadensis
Pinus strobus
Quercus rubra
Populus tremuloides
Acer saccharum
Populus grandidentata
Fagus grandifolia
Betula populifolia
A. Red Oak
B. White Birch
C. Sugar Maple
D. Eastern Hemlock
E. Bigtooth Aspen
F. White Pine
G. Beech
H. Quaking Aspen
C Ursus americanus
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F
G
A
B
D
H
A. Woodchuck
B. Whitetail Deer
C. Black Bear
D. Chipmunk
E. Raccoon
F. Beaver
G. Red Fox
H. Cottontail Rabbit
Procyon lotor
Castor canadensis
Vulpes vulpes
Marmota monax
Odocoileus virginiana
Tamias striatus
Sylivagus floridanus
165. - 170. Identify the PA watershed
165. Erie
166. Genessee
167. Ohio
165.
168. Susquehanna
169. Delaware
170. Potomac
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