A.P. BIOLOGY UNIT 4 OBJECTIVES – Cell Division & Cell Cycle Chapters 12 & 13
NAME
HOUR
CHAPTER 12
12.1 - Chromosome Structure Fundamentals (p.228-230; CC 12.1 p.230 #1-2)
1.
Describe the structure of chromosomes in eukaryotes. Explain how the structure changes at
different times during the cell cycle.
12.1 – The Cell Cycle
(p. 230-238; CC 12.2 p. 238 #1-6)
2.
Divide interphase into its component phases. Describe the activity of the cell in each of these
phases.
3.
Define mitosis. Explain what is occurring in each of the mitotic phases.
4.
Draw the appearance of the cell during each mitotic phase. Contrast plant vs. animal mitosis.
5.
Distinguish between mitosis and cytokinesis. Contrast plant vs. animal cell cytokinesis.
12.3 – Regulation of the Cell Cycle
(p. 238-243; CC12.3 p. 243 #1-5)
6.
Explain how the cell cycle is regulated. Note the consequences of unregulated cell division.
Recommended study questions p. 244-245 #1-7 with particular emphasis on #7
Tutorials at The Biology Project (www.biology.arizona.edu)
CHAPTER 13
13.1 & 13.2 – Reproduction & Life Cycles
(p. 248-253; CC13.1 p. 249, CC 13.2 p. 253 #1-4)
7.
Define meiosis. Explain the need for this type of division, related to sexual reproduction.
8.
Explain some characteristic life cycles in plants and animals. Note the chromosome number
at different points in the cycle, and the process of cell division that is likely to occur at each
stage of the life cycle.
13.3 – Stages of Meiosis (p. 253-257; CC 13.3 p.257 #1, 2)
9.
Explain what is occurring during each of the meiotic phases.
10.
Distinguish between the first and second divisions of meiosis (related to replicated chromatids
vs. homologous chromosomes).
11.
Identify the correct chromosome number at different phases of meiosis. Correctly use the
terms haploid and diploid to state the chromosome number
12.
Distinguish between male and female gametes. Define polar bodies, and explain how they
are formed
13.
Compare & contrast mitosis and meiosis.
13.4 – Genetic Variability (p. 257-260; CC 13.4 p. 260 #1-3
14.
Explain crossing over and it's consequences.
Recommended study questions p. 261 #1-9, 11
AP BIOLOGY – MITOSIS & MEIOSIS UNIT ESSAY SAMPLES
NAME
HOUR
Answers must be in essay form. Outline form is NOT acceptable. Labeled diagrams may be used to
supplement discussion, but in no case will a diagram alone suffice. It is important that you read each
question completely before you begin to write.
1987
Discuss the process of cell division in animals. Include a description of mitosis and cytokinesis, and
of the other phases of the cell cycle. Do not include meiosis.
1996
An organism is heterozygous at two loci on different chromosomes.
a.
b.
c.
Explain how these alleles are transmitted by the process of mitosis to daughter cells.
Explain how these alleles are distributed by the process of meiosis to gametes.
Explain how the behavior of these two pairs of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
provides the physical basis for Mendel’s two laws of inheritance.
Labeled diagrams that are explained in your answer may be helpful
2004
Meiosis reduces chromosome number and rearranges genetic information.
a.
Explain how the reduction and rearrangement are accomplished in meiosis.
b.
Several human disorders occur as a result of defects in the meiotic process. Identify ONE
such chromosomal abnormality; what effects does it have on the phenotype of people with the
disorder? Describe how this abnormality could result from a defect in meiosis.
c.
Production of offspring by parthenogenesis or cloning bypasses the typical meiotic process.
Describe either parthenogenesis or cloning and compare the genomes of the offspring with
those of the parents.
2005
The unit of genetic organization in all living organisms is the chromosome.
a.
Describe the structure and function of the parts of a eukaryotic chromosome. You may wish
to include a diagram as part of your description.
b.
Describe the adaptive (evolutionary) significance of organizing genes into chromosomes.
c.
How does the function and structure of the chromosome differ in prokaryotes?