Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary and Nervous Systems
Quiz Study Guide
Textbook Chapters 32-33
Review Book Topic 1
Skeletal System
 What is the difference between compact and spongy bone
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Compact – strength and support, solid
Spongy – production of RBCs and fat storage, full of air pockets, “bone
marrow”
What does red bone marrow produce? Yellow bone marrow?
Red blood cells
Fat
What are the five functions of bones?
Protection, support, movement, red blood cell production, fat storage
As a fetus, what were your bones made of?
Cartilage
What type of chemical is released when you break a bone to act as a natural
pain killer? What else happens when you break a bone?
Endorphins are released by the body as pain killers, blood clots form, site
swells, cartilage forms at break, gradual ossification into bone
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What is a joint?
Where two bones meet
Are all joints moveable?
No
What is a ligament?
Attaches two joints together
What are the five types of joints we talked about? Know examples for each
Ball and socket – hip, hinge – knee, gliding – wrist, suture – skull, pivot - neck
Which joint has the widest range of movement?
Ball and socket
Which joint is not moveable? Where is it found in your body?
Suture - skull
Muscular System
 What is a tendon?
Tissue connecting muscle to bone
 What are the three main types of muscle? Where do you find these types within
your body?
Skeletal – moves bones, cardiac – heart, smooth – organs: skin, stomach, uterus
 Which muscle types are involuntary?
Cardiac and smooth
 Which muscle types are striated? What does striated mean?
Cardiac and skeletal
Has light and dark bands on muscle
 Majority of muscles in your body are what type?
Skeletal
Integumentary System
 What is the main organ of this system?
Skin
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What are the four main tissues of this system? What are their functions?
Muscular (movement), nervous (communication), connective
(support/protection), epidermal (covers body)
What are the functions of the system?
Temperature regulation, vitamin production, sense organ, protection
What are the two layers of skin?
Epidermis, dermis
What is keratin?
Melanin?
Waterproofing protein
pigment protein which absorbs sunlight
Nervous System
 What is a neuron?
Specialized cell for communication
 Know the parts and functions of a neuron (be able to label a diagram)
Dendrite – accepts impulse
Cell body – contains nucleus and other cell organelles, helps pass impulse along
Axon – extension off cell body which impulse travels down
Terminal branches – contains synaptic knobs
Synaptic knobs – impulse is released here across the synapse to another neuron
Myelin sheath – layer of fat that insulates the axon to prevent losing impulses
Synapse – space between two neurons where neurotransmitters are used to
pass an impulse from the terminal branches of one neuron to the
dendrites of another
 What are the three types of neurons? What are their functions? Where are they
found in the body?
Sensory – detects changes in the environment using your senses, found
attached to sense organs
Interneuron – passes impulses to brain/spinal cord and then onto motor
neurons, found throughout the body connecting sense organs
to brain/spinal cord and then back to muscles/glands
Motor neurons – passes impulse to muscles or glands to respond to a
stimulus, found attached to muscles or glands
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Describe a reflex arc. Does it involve the brain or the spinal cord? Voluntary or
involuntary?
Stimulus  sensory neuron  interneuron  spinal cord  interneuron 
motor neuron  response
Involuntary, does NOT involve the brain
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What is an impulse? A stimulus?
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What is a synapse? A neurotransmitter?
Gap between neurons
chemical which diffuses across the synapse and
transmits the impulse to another neuron
What are the two divisions of the nervous system? What parts of the body do
they include?
Stimulus – change in the environment which is detected using your senses
(ex, pressure, temp change, etc.)
Impulse – chemical/electrical message which is created as a result of the
detection of a stimulus by a sensory neuron
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Central NS – brain and spinal cord
Peripheral NS – all nerves that branch off of spinal cord throughout the body
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What are the functions of the following parts of the brain: cerebrum, cerebellum,
medulla oblongata, pons, brain stem, hypothalamus, spinal cord
Cerebrum – thought, senses, voluntary motor control, memory, language, etc.
Cerebellum – coordination and muscle control
Medulla oblongata (part of brain stem)– heart rate, breathing
Pons (part of brain stem)- breathing
Hypothalamus – fear, aggression, regulating homeostasis, water balance,
temperature control, etc.
Spinal cord – bundle of nerves, communication/relay of messages to/from brain to
body
 What is the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems
Somatic – voluntary nerves, motor/sensory
Autonomic – involuntary nerves, organs (heart contraction, uterus contraction, etc)