The Marshall School of Business University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-1421 MOR 463 Change Management Spring, 2011 Professor Thomas H. Olson 303C Bridge Hall Department Office: 213-740-0728 Direct Line: 213-740-0758 Fax: 213-740-3582 E-mail: tholson@usc.edu 1 MOR 463 - Organizational Development and Change Dr. Thomas H. Olson University of Southern California Office: Bridge Hall 303C Hours: T / TH 11-noon, 1-2 and by appointment Phone: (213) 740-0758 E-mail: tholson@usc.edu Fax: (213) 740-3582 General Description: This course is designed to provide participants with practical knowledge and experience about helping people in organizations manage planned change. The nature of planned change is examined in the context of different organizational conditions and different levels of analysis. The stages of planned change are explored - from initial entry into organizations through diagnosis, intervention and evaluation. Participants will gain conceptual understanding of planned change as well as develop skills for helping manage change. The course is heavily applied and participants are expected to contribute to class discussions, experiential exercises and team change projects. They are also expected to examine their own assumptions and skills related to planned change and to develop their own knowledge and skill base in this field. Instructional Objectives: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) To develop an appreciation for models and theories of ‘change management’. To develop an applied understanding of models and theories through an integration of exercises, case analyses, applied readings and personal and group experience. To learn key current concepts (and authorities contributing to them) which relate to organizational development and change. To learn to distinguish, evaluate and analyze process from content issues. To become more aware of ‘change management issues’ and how to address these issues. The primary objective of this course is to provide you with an opportunity to become familiar with the typical phases in an organizational change initiative. These phases have been identified in the description above. As we examine these phases, we will identify different types of change agents, facilitators and development personnel (and their approaches). We will also acquaint ourselves with readings relating to (and providing examples of) various related topics such as organizational roles, attitudes, culture and values as they are typically considered by change agents with their clients. Finally, we will conclude the course with discussions of ethical issues, career concerns and management practices of practitioners working in this area. 2 Methods of Presentation in Class: To adequately achieve the objectives of the course, it will be necessary to conduct the class in lecturette and case discussion fashion. Be sure to take adequate notes. There will be a ‘comprehensive’ in-class written case analysis. Additionally, the content from the lectures will be necessary to complete certain segments of the course requirements, especially the personal case and team field project. You are expected to read all of the material assigned from the course text. Further, you are to be prepared to present your analyses of all exercises, cases, and readings assigned particular to each class session. You may be called on to either orally present your analysis or opinions to the class or to lead a discussion in class. As you may not know when you will be queried, be prepared at all times. Let me emphasize, as this course relies on the in-class discussion of text and case readings, you are expected to read the assignments prior to class. Further you are expected to be prepared to write and/or discuss the materials assigned and answer specific questions proposed by each other as well as by me. As much of what we do involves your participation, your attendance in class during lecture and exercise, case and reading analyses is very important. Any class session missed can only hinder your performance. Should anyone know of occasions when he/she will be unable to attend, let me know beforehand; you will then need to gather from other participants a summary of the 'lessons learned' from the class that you missed and discuss with me as necessary. The following summaries the sources that will be used to stimulate participant learning: 1) Lectures 2) Class discussions 3) Cases analyses 4) Briefings 5) Exercises 6) Field project and presentation by student teams 7) Guest lectures by practitioners as available Student Requirements: In general overview, you will be expected to do the following: a. Prepare an individual case report based on your experiences. Each of you is expected to take course readings and apply them to a personal development and change experience. This should be a creative report; each of you should devote a diligent effort to understand yourself in the situations you choose. This report is to be presented verbally during the semester or in written form no later than the last class day. 3 b. Read the course texts and all handout materials and answer quiz questions as presented. From the readings, members of the class should identify major concepts pertinent to organizational development and change topics and develop a broad comprehension of the ramifications of these concepts. Members of the class will be expected to participate in ‘applied practice’ learning experiences wherein they will develop a more realistic sense of ‘how change management works’ in an organization, what appears to be possible, and what variables are relevant to making change work, etc. Organization development and change theory is like political theory - there is plenty of room for adventurous thinking, yet there are hard realities of each situation, empirical evidence that must be recognized, problems of integrity and consistency that must be addressed and so forth. There may be unscheduled quizzes covering the chapter reading during the semester; I encourage everyone to be prepared. c. Participate in class discussions and facilitate (ELC based) class sessions. Dialogue in this class is essential to you being a major contributor and, thereby, assists us all in reaching the course objectives. Members of the class are asked to take this portion seriously. Even though a portion of class may be lecturette and presentation, there is still 'room' for substantial audience participation and discussion. You may be asked to provide a selfevaluation at mid-term and term-end using the Participation Behavioral Anchor Rating Scale (attached); let us discuss this possibility after the first few weeks of the semester. d. Formally prepare and analyze exercises, cases and readings from both the text and handouts; be prepared to verbally offer your analyses to the class. When discussing and/or presenting an analysis, the taking of a normative position by members of the class is encouraged. However, a warning is in order. Taking normative positions forces one to take risks and to invite challenges from the class. Let us welcome this and learn from it. Let us be bold and experiment while at the same time try to research, as far as possible, the extent to which alternatives offered may be realistically employed. Objective discussion centered on normative positions should contribute to some memorable meetings. Let us try to make this the case; to do so depends upon you reading the course text and materials with care and thinking about them. Integration of exercises, cases and readings with theory, concepts and models is mandatory. e. Prepare an in-depth field study project report/paper. As a member of a team (group size may vary depending on the enrollment of the class), you will engage with a client and conduct an intervention. The presentation of your findings will take two forms: First, the team will make an oral presentation during the ‘Immersion Weekend’ (the second to last weekend of the semester). Each team is to distribute an outline to the client of their presentation; all members of the team are asked to participate. I emphasize that the there will be approximately 30 minutes for you and your team to make your presentation. Please make this experience informative and interesting. Do not read your review; 'talk it'. Use visual aids and other materials to support your presentation. 4 Secondly, a team written report of your team's planned change project may be submitted for evaluation. This requirement will be discussed at approximately mid-term, and it will largely be a function of what the client requires. Assuming that some sort of report is required, be sure to follow a 'manual of style' to ensure that the report conforms to the formal requirements of report writing. All written reports are due by the beginning of the Immersion Weekend. Your report may include a description of (1) the client system / presenting issue, (2) your entry and contracting process, (3) diagnostic models and methods, (4) intervention findings and conclusions and (5) what you have learned about planned change from doing the project. Your grade on the team project report is a 'team grade' that will be assigned equally to all members of the team unless otherwise determined by differences in evaluations by team members. f. Develop an in-class written analysis of a comprehensive case. Methods of Evaluation: An evaluation for the course will be based on the following (as described above): a) Write or present a personal case report b & d) Develop written case analyses and correctly answer quiz questions c) Contribute to / lead class discussions e) Conduct, and report on, a team field project (including proposal) f) Write an in-class case analysis 10% 25% 20% 25% 20% 100% Final grading will be in accordance with the policies of the Marshall School of Business. Your individual grade will depend on your personal and team performance Academic Integrity is a critical value of the University Community. Integrity violations destroy the fabric of a learning community and the spirit of inquiry that is vial to the effectiveness of the university. Academic integrity policies, the description of prohibited behavior, and the appropriate sanctions are described in SCAMPUS. Students with Disabilities Any student requesting academic accommodations based on a disability is required to register with Disability Services and Programs (DSP) each semester. A letter of verification for approved accommodations can be obtained from DSP. Please be sure the letter is delivered to me as early in the semester as possible. DSP is located in STU 301 and is open 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. The phone number for DSP is (213) 740-0776. 5 Class Component on Cultural & Ethical Issues: Individual cases and readings from the tests and handout materials focus on these issues. Also, one single class session will be specifically allocated to address ethical issues in the professional practice area of organizational development and change. Guest Lecturers on Related Change Issues: Guest lectures by practicing change agents, facilitators and development personnel will be invited throughout the semester to provide information relevant to the professional practice area of organizational development and change. These discussions will be scheduled as possible. Reading List: Required: Cummings, Thomas G. & Christopher G. Worley (C & W). Organization Development and Change. 9th ed., West Publishing Co.: Minneapolis/St. Paul, 2008. Additional References: Additional references will be developed during the semester as a portion of participant class preparation. EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING CENTER DATES Please note the schedule of classes (summarized below) to be conducted in one of the two Business School Experiential Learning Centers. BRI indicates the session will be held in the Bridge Hall ELC and JKP indicates that the session will be held in Popovich Hall as follows: 6 MOR 463 Course Assignments Dates of Topic & Assignment Other Comments Jan 11 Jan 13 Course Introduction - Defining objectives for the course - Setting a schedule and expectations - Describing Organizational Development - Introductions - Buy Text Jan 18/20 Planned Change and the OD Practitioner - Framework(s) for analyses of situations and cases - Understanding ethical issues - Begin to form project teams - Managing ethical dilemmas Assignments for the week: C & W: Chapter 1 C & W: Chapters 2 and 3 to the end of page 61 Case: To Be Distributed Jan 27 Ethics & OD Jan 29 ELC1 (An applied case analysis, GSP, will be conducted in the ELC on TH) - Changing as a system - Form project teams - Identifying differences between practitioners - Analysis of case due - Comparing OD change agents with general - Discuss personal case report consultant’s presentations Assignments for the week: C & W: Chapter 3, p 61 – 67 “Ethics: An Overview” – to be posted on Blackboard Feb 1 Feb 3 Entering, Contracting & Diagnosing (possible Client Presentations this week) - Marketing your skills - Pricing and fee setting - Analyses of cases due - Writing a winning proposal Assignments for the week: C & W: Chapters 4 – 6 and look ahead at Chapters 7 & 8 Case: Sunflower Incorporated (p 239) Case: Siemens Nixdorf (A) (p 247) 7 Feb 8 Collecting, Analyzing and Feeding Back Diagnostic Information Teams May Meet to Debrief Team Building Experience and Work on Clarifying and Getting Started on Client Project - Collecting data methods and Sharing information - Practicing data gathering/interviewing skills Assignment for the day: C & W: Chapters 7 & 8 Case: Peppercorn (p 217) and/or Work in teams on Client Project Feb 10 ELC2 (An applied case analysis, Dega, will be conducted in the ELC on TH) Feb11 Team Building for Immersion Weekend – NOTE: FRIDAY SESSION Fri 9-4 Feb 15 Designing Interventions & Managing Change - Developing internal support - Managing the transition - Analyses of cases due - Continue project team meetings Assignments for the day: C & W: Chapters 9 – 11 Case: PolyProd (p 241) Feb 17 ELC3 (An applied case analysis, Omega/Roxboro, may be conducted in the ELC on TH) Feb 22 ELC4 Interpersonal and Group Process and Organization Process Interventions (An applied case analysis, Kenworth, may be conducted in the ELC on TH) - Critiquing client proposals Case: Kenworth Motors (p 212) Feb 24 Mar 1/3 - Interpersonal, group and organization processes Assignments for the day: - Prepare initial client proposal C & W: Chapters 12 & 13 Case: Lincoln Hospital (p 297) Case: Ben & Jerry’s (p 304) Techno-structural Interventions - Restructuring of organizations - Involving employees in the process of change - Designing jobs - Analyses of cases due - Client proposal due - Analyses of cases due Assignments for the week: Prepare final client proposal C & W: Chapters 14 – 16 Cases: City of Carlsbad (p 405) and C&S Grocers (p 408) 8 Mar 8 Teams Prepare for Immersion Weekend Assignment for the day: Work in teams on Client Project Mar 10 ELC5 Human Resource Management Interventions – People / Performance Issues An applied case analysis, Wellington, will be conducted in the ELC on TH) Assignment for the day: Bring written progress summary report on Client Project to class Mar 15/17 Spring Break – ENJOY! Mar 22 Teams Prepare for Immersion Weekend and / or Personal Case Presentation Assignment for the day: Work in teams on Client Project TBD: Presentations and discussion of personal reports Mar 24 Human Resource Management Interventions continued - Addressing people and performance issues con’t - Analyses of cases due Assignments for the day: C & W: Chapters 17 - 19 Case: Employee Benefits at HealthCo (p 492) Case: Sharpe BMW (p 497) Mar 29 See 4/5 Teams Prepare for Immersion Weekend and / or Personal Case Presentation Assignment for the day: Work in teams on Client Project TBD: Presentations and discussion of personal reports Mar 31 ELC6 Strategic Change; Specific Applications of OD (An applied case exercise, Rondell, will be conducted in the ELC on TH) Case: Rondell – to be distributed Apr 5 Strategic Change; Specific Applications of OD - continued (note: this session may be moved to 3/30 to allow for teams to meet with clients) - Understanding organization & environment - Analysis of case due - Transforming organizations - Understanding specific application change strategies Assignments for the day: C & W: Chapters 20-22 Cases: Fourwinds Marina (p 586) and Leading Change at DaVita (p 597) 9 Apr 7 Applications in Global Settings (note: this session may be moved - likely to 4/12 - to allow for teams to meet with clients) - Developing change strategies in a world market - Analysis of case due - Understanding specific application change strategies Assignments for the day: C & W: Chapter 23 & 24 Case: B. R. Richardson Timber Products Corporation (p 712) Apr 12 Future Directions in Leading Change - Change Leadership in the future - Analyses of cases due Assignments for the day: C & W: Chapter 25 Case: Building the Cuyahoga River Valley Organization (p 728) Case: Black & Decker Int’l (p 738) TBD: Presentations and discussion of personal reports Apr 14 ELC7 Strategic Change continued; Specific Applications of OD (An applied case exercise, Informatics, will be conducted in the ELC on TH) - Understanding public sector / specific application change strategies Assignments for the day: Case: Informatics (handout) Apr 19 In-Class Comprehensive Case Analysis Assignment for the day: Review for Comprehensive Case Analysis Work on personal paper 10 Apr 21 ELC8 In-Class Comprehensive Case Analysis Debriefing Apr 22 Friday Immersion Weekend Presentations Please refer to the description of this activity / assignment later in the syllabus - Team papers due Presentations to Immersion Weekend Project Clients Assignments for the day: Complete team project presentations and reports Apr 26/28 Personal Case and / or Immersion Weekend related assignments (TBD) (ELC on 4/26 TBD) - Personal reports due Assignment for the week: Complete personal case reports TBD: Presentations and discussion of personal reports MOR 463 Course Notes 1. The course schedule is subject to change depending on pace of class. It is the collective responsibility of all class members to take note of any course changes to the syllabus as well as to assist the course to move at an acceptable pace. Please periodically check Outlook for messages and / or presentation materials. 2. Additional cases will be distributed/made available for purchase depending on interest and time. 3. Attendance is very important to your performance in this course. Therefore, after the 2nd non-excused absence, each additional absence will result in a reduction of 1/3 grade per absence. 4. Your participation will be assessed using the attached behavior anchor rating scale. 5. School policy and guidelines require that you have your laptops closed during class and you turn off other electronic devices and phones. All cell phones must be turned off before the start of class; no text messaging is allowed during class. All phones should be off the desktop and out of view. With prior approval, computers may used only for note taking; no internet surfing or working on other documents or e-mail is allowed. Students will be excused from class for violation and the class session will be counted as an absence. 11 MOR 463 Team Field Project This major field project requires that you identify a client (Immersion Weekend) project and conduct an intervention in, or provide an analysis for, that client's organization. Its purpose is to improve your change management skills through the actual performance of an engagement. You are asked to work in teams of approximately four persons. Your team will identify a potential client issue / problem, negotiate a defined engagement, enter the client system, gain access to needed data and employees, diagnose the issues, and deliver a report with recommendations intended to result in positive and lasting changes. You should have your team formed and hold sufficient meetings to discuss and decide on a potential client by the end of class as noted in the syllabus. The client should be secured through a written proposal, a copy of which is due in class as noted in the syllabus. Work for the client should begin not later than at that time. Your client must be a responsible individual in an organization that has a developmental or change management problem or opportunity or issue in need of study. Intervention topics can range from values/work norm studies and recommendations, team development initiatives, employee morale assessments and change efforts, organization and system change issues and so forth. The project should be sufficiently focused so as to be complete within the limited time of the course. A ‘professional’ power point / oral presentation (with printed copies of slides) and /or a written report will provide the basis for evaluation and feedback. More specifics regarding the ‘required deliverable’ that will be graded will be verbally discussed with the class as we near the date of presentations near the end of the semester. Please see the schedule for the specific date. It is anticipated that your client will attend your presentation. Your presentation may be videotaped for later review and evaluation and/or to be provided to your client. The ‘average oral report’ is approximately 30 minutes in length. Each member of the team needs to be a part of the presentation. You should plan on preparing your presentation believing that your client is the primary audience. The power point slides for your presentation should be prepared in line with classroom discussions regarding professional presentations. While the number of slides will vary depending on the nature of your project, past team presentations are usually 15-20 slides. Each presentation slide needs to include extensive comments included in the ‘notes pages’. 12 MOR 463 Personal Case Report In this required assignment, you should develop a case based on your own personal experience. You are asked to reflect on any experience (social, working, etc.) you wish in which a development / change process / activity occurred or should have occurred with a group of persons. If you choose a social group, it could be one in which you participate(d) at USC (or other university / school); such groups might include a fraternity, sorority, student housing, student government, athletic team or other. If you choose an organization (perhaps where you may have worked during the summer or as an intern), it can be profit or non-profit, public or private sector, business or social or volunteer - essentially any organization as defined as a group of people involved in activity to achieve an objective. You are to reflect on your experience and seek to better understand your situation by applying models, theory, concepts and the like. Your paper should be creative - you are invited to take risks in your analysis of the development/change. You are encouraged to offer suggestions as to what could have been done better. You may want to consider addressing the following questions: What development / change management skills did you apply well? In which skills were you deficient? Was this what you expected at the outset? How have your views changed or remained the same about managing change? What would you have to do to improve your skills? Use examples and evidence from your experience to support your observations. Try to make it an honest assessment that can be useful to you in the future. Please develop and support your observations as if your paper were to be published in a trade magazine on managing change. The paper must be typewritten, double-space, and is due in class on the next to last class day. It should be 10-12 pages in length maximum. The style of presentation and format is your own choice, though it should be interesting and readable. You may wish to ask one other participant to read your completed paper and comment on it before you submit it. 13 MOR 463 Community Service Project – Immersion Weekend The Community Service Project is an assignment that focuses on making a difference for an organization (e.g., the Red Cross, American Heart Association, and Habitat for Humanity) that provides services in our community (greater Los Angeles). You will be asked to work in a team of 4 or so persons to provide assistance to one organization. Near the end of the semester, each team will make a presentation to their client during a separate class session on the next to last Friday of the class. (Please see the course schedule for the specific date.) This assignment is supported in part with additional monies (from the Marshall School and from the USC Volunteer Center of the Student Affairs Division of the University) for a ‘high ropes / low ropes’ learning experience. The schedule for this special learning experience is the first Friday in February. In addition to assisting a selected agency, group, or organization change, improve, develop, or solve a problem, we will engage in ‘service-learning,’ a learning strategy that links academic courses to the community and provides a mutual learning / change experience for all parties. In this project, it is important to begin as “learners” rather than “experts” and develop a mutually beneficial project experience for the “client” system and for us. Initially and before and during the project assignment begins, we will spend time getting oriented to the client system. We will then engage in some diagnosis or understanding of the project or goals, plan an intervention, and develop a contract with the client system. We will complete the organization intervention during which I ask that everyone reflect on the entire experience to identify particular ‘lessons learned’. Finally, you will present your findings to your client and others in the class. In addition to increasing our ‘intervention’ skills, this service project will provide a strong team development experience for everyone in the entire class. In this regard you will be joined in this assignment by other teams of students enrolled in Professor Turrill’s ‘Teams course’. Ultimately, you will gain substantial learning from collectively focusing on the same target client system and working together to provide a meaningful contribution to the community. The immersion weekend project can be used as the basis for your Personal Case Report. It is the purpose of this Report to focus on insights you’ve gained through your experience and learning during the Community Service Project related to the course content and objectives. 14 Participation Behavioral Anchor Rating Scale Excellent Performance -Initiates information relative to topics discussed -Accurately exhibits knowledge of assignment content -Clarifies points that others may not understand -Shares personal experiences or opinions related to topic -Offers relevant / succinct input to class -Actively participates in simulations and class exercises -Demonstrates ability to apply, analyze, evaluate & synthesize course material. -Demonstrates willingness to attempt to answer unpopular questions Good Performance -Regularly participates in discussions -Shares relevant information -Gives feedback to classroom discussions -Consistently demonstrates knowledge of reading assignments -Demonstrates ability to analyze / apply course material -Demonstrates willingness to attempt to answer questions Fair / Average Performance -Participates in group discussions when asked -Demonstrates knowledge of course material -Offers clear, concise, “good” information on class assignments -Offers input, but tends to reiterate the intuitive -Attends class regularly Poor Performance -Occasional input, often irrelevant, unrelated to topic -Reluctant to share information -Not following the flow of ideas -Personal applications only -Drains energy from the class Unacceptable Performance -Fails to participate even when specifically asked -Gives no input to discussions -Does not demonstrate knowledge of the readings -Shows up to class: does nothing -Distracts group / class -Irrelevant discussion 15 PEER EVALUATION FORM Your Class:____________ Name:____________ Team Identification: __________ Directions: Evaluate yourself and each of your team members on their contributions to the team using the rating categories and competencies below. This evaluation is adopted with permission from an actual evaluation used by the Hallmark Corporation. Rating Categories: 5 = this team member shows outstanding skills in this area and far exceeds expectations 4 = this team member performs strongly in this area, and consistently exceeds expectations 3 = this team member is competent in this skill meeting and, at times, exceeds expectations 2 = this team member meets many, but not all, of the expectations 1 = this team member fails to meet the expectations Team members (include yourself): A = ____________________________________ B = ____________________________________ C = ____________________________________ D = ____________________________________ E = ____________________________________ F = ____________________________________ G = ____________________________________ COMPETENCIES: RATINGS TEAM EFFECTIVENESS 1. Deals fairly and equitably with teammates and other people with whom the team interacts. 2. Meets commitments reliably and on time. 3. Is committed to the team’s goals and objectives. A MOR 463 B C D E F G LEADERSHIP 1. Encourages the ideas of others 2. Motivates team members, particularly by offering praise & encouragement when appropriate. 3. Shows initiative and helps the team succeed by volunteering for assignments. 4. Provides leadership and vision to help the team develop long-term direction. A B C D E F G COMMUNICATION 1. Provides others with honest, adequate and timely communication 2. Listens openly and effectively to other individuals 3. Is clear when communicating ideas, expectations, or needs. A B C D E F G INTERPERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS 1. Shows respect for ideas/suggestions of others. 2. Admits mistakes and is open to feedback on his/her decisions or actions. 3. Creates a climate in which others can feel comfortable and safe when surfacing concerns. A B C D E F G MANAGING CHANGE 1. Adapts easily to new situations and unexpected changes 2. Maintains a positive, constructive outlook 3. Continues to operate effectively during periods of high stress 4. Is willing to take appropriate risks. A B C D E F G PLANNING & EXECUTING 1. Develops logical plans, with specific objectives when needed to achieve goals. 2. Focuses effort on the most important task(s) at any given time. 3. Allows others an appropriate amount of time to complete related or supportive tasks. 4. Follows through effectively when a course of action is chosen. 5. Is persistent in overcoming obstacles when they arise. A B C D E F G MOR 463 PROBLEM SOLVING & DECISION MAKING 1. Takes initiative, not only to identify, but also to solve problems. 2. Involves appropriate individuals in seeking the best solution. 3. Finds imaginative, creative solutions to work-related problems when appropriate. A B C D E F G SUMMARY QUESTIONS: 1. Create an average score for each team member and yourself by summing the scores on each of the competencies (by summing the scores and dividing by the number of competencies you rated). 2. Provide your subjective overall evaluation for each team member. This may of may not agree with the average score above. A B C D E F G In the matrix below, provide some summary comments that can be fed back to each of your team members: Greatest strength A= B= C= D= E= F= G= Areas for improvement A= B= C= D= E= F= G= MOR 463