Smart Mobility Development in Roadbased Public Transportation System The Hong Kong Experience
APAC Innovation Summit 2015 Series
SMART CITIES
Charles K. Kao Auditorium, Science Park
22 September 2015
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
Any use of this material without specific permission of The Kowloon Motor Bus Co (1933) Ltd. is strictly prohibited.
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CONFIDENTIAL
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Bus is the most efficient road-based transport mode
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CONFIDENTIAL
Global Urban Mobility Index 2014
CONFIDENTIAL
High Public Transport Usage
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KMB is the largest franchised bus operator in Hong Kong with 67%
market share serving primarily Kowloon and the New Territories
Kowloon & New Territories
Franchised bus daily ridership by operator
100% = 3.9 million passengers
Long Win
New Lantao
Cityflyer
Citybus
2%
15% 2%
2%
First Bus 13%
67%
Franchised bus fleet size by operator
100% = 5,850 buses
Lantau Island
Hong Kong Island
Long Win New Lantao
Cityflyer
3%
Citybus
14% 3%
2%
First Bus 12%
Source: 2014 Annual Transport Digest
66%
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
A snapshot of KMB
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Company (1933) Ltd has been operating for 82 years.
•
Commercial operation with no Government subsidy or support.
•
Carries nearly 2.7 million passengers each day
•
Operates around 400 routes across Kowloon, New Territories and cross-harbour to Hong
Kong Island.
•
Employs about 12,000 staff
– 8500 Bus Captains
– 500 other frontline staff (Inspectors, Terminus Supervisors, Bus Stop Assistants)
– 2000 Engineers and Mechanics
▪
Utilises about 3850 buses of which 3679 are double-deckers and 171 are single-deckers
▪
Double-deckers are primarily 3-axle and have a passenger capacity of 120 to 138.
▪
New 12.8 metre vehicles on trial can carry 146 and up to 154 passengers.
▪
Operate from 4 major multi-storey depots and several parking depots.
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
With railway-as-backbone public transport policy, the railway network
has expanded significantly in the last few decades alongside population
and economic growth
Hong Kong Railway Network
Kilometres of tracks
266
210
148
82
52
1980
1990
2000
2010 Expected
by 2022
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Most Critical Link in SMART?
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Technology?
•
Infrastructure?
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Regulation?
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Or the Customer / User?
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
The New Connected SMART Customer
• Demands information at his/her fingertips
• Demands more comfort / personal space
• Pulls content than wait for the pushed content
• Communicates primarily through Social Media
• Demands more environmental responsibility
• Demands more safety and security
• Demands more reliability and punctuality
• Willing to try disruptive technologies
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
This can be largely delivered through
• better buses – SMART Bus
• better infrastructure – SMART Roads; SMART Network;
Modern Bus Shelters
• better governance – SMART Policy; New Urbanism
• better technology
• better analytics
• better information
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
SMART Bus
Telematics / GPS /
Bus Stop Announcement
Low Emissions
Wifi / NFC
Capability
Better Safety
and Security
Customer Engagement
• Comfort
• Communication
• Content Personalization
Estimated Journey Time
Estimated Time of Arrival
KMB has already adopted or conducting trials on many of these areas.
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
KMB has been studying different green technologies, and
we believe electric buses have the best potential
Assessment
Biofuel
▪
▪
Some potential
Not significant improvement in footprint and logistical hurdles
Hydrogen
▪
▪
Water only emission; but travel range is limited
Very far from being commercially viable
Diesel hybrid
▪
▪
~20-30% pollution improvement vs. diesel; tech is ready
Strong operations track record but twice the price of diesel buses
Trolley buses
▪
▪
Zero emission; tech is ready and deployed in many cities
Requires extensive overhead wires; inflexible operations
Battery electric
▪
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Zero emission; technology being widely deployed in China
Technology rapidly improving; but small number of suppliers
Supercaps
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Zero emission; commercially ready and gaining attention
Technology is ready and improving
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Comparison amongst the different electric bus
technologies
Battery-electric
Supercapacitor
Lithium iron phosphate
battery (LFP eBus)
Lithium titanate
battery (LTO eBus)
Usable energy
stored on board
~11 kWh (gBus2)
>28 kWh** (upcoming)
240 kWh
64 kWh **
Single deck bus
driving range
6-10 km* (gBus2)
~15-30+ km** (upcoming)
133 -250 km*
~37 km **
Charging time
Operational
Requirements
*
**
 Rapid charging: 30 seconds  Fully charged in 3 hrs
to operate 1 km
 Quick charging at termini
 Suitable for all-day
operations on fixed routes
 Rapid charging:
 For 38 kWh in ~9 min
 For 64 kWh in ~15 min
 Hours of charging each  Quick charging at termini
time at depot
 Suitable for all-day
 Suitable for peak
operations on routes with
hours services
charging facilities
Fully laden with air-conditioning on level terrain under smooth traffic conditions
Preliminary estimates; actual results subject to trial
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
SMART Road Management
Bus Lanes / BRT
Incident Management
Active Priority
At Junctions
Congestion Management
Mandatory Give Way
Electronic Road
Pricing
KMB has been persistently advocating these with the Government.
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
SMART Network
Facility Integration
Fare Integration
Bus-Bus Interchanges
Integrated Information
Traffic Management
Centre
Traveler Information
System
KMB has been persistently advocating these with the Government.
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
BUS Interchanges are popular
Clear signage
Covered waiting area
Next bus arrival time
Route information
directory
Free Wi-fi access &
free newspaper
Queuing railing
with seating
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
SMART Bus Facilities
Estimated bus arrival time display panels;
Passenger capacity of next coming bus
Alerts when a bus is approaching;
Interactive advertising / information panels
Wi-Fi service
Augmented Reality
Vending machines
USB charging slots
CCTV monitoring
KMB has already adopted or conducting trials on many of these areas.
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
SMART Governance
Dynamic /
Predictive
Planning
Crowd
Sourcing
Policy
Reforms
Service
Orientated
Regulation
Demand
Responsive
Intelligent
Transport
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
Number of licensed private cars in Hong Kong
CONFIDENTIAL
500,000
480,000
460,000
440,000
420,000
400,000
380,000
360,000
340,000
320,000
300,000
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013
Road length CAGR ~0.9%
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Speeds of urban bus routes have decreased by 16% in the
past few years
Average Speed of Urban Routes in 2007*
Percent of bus routes
Above 20 km/hr
5%
50%
10 - 15 km/hr
Below 10 km/hr
Average Speed
Above 20 km/hr
45%
15 - 20 km/hr
0%
Average Speed of Urban Routes in 2013*
Percent of bus routes
15 - 20 km/hr
2%
9%
84%
10 - 15 km/hr
Below 10 km/hr
15.4 km/hr
5%
12.9 km/hr
-16%
Some routes in
heavily
congested
areas are not
much faster
than walking
(4-5 km/hr)
Note: Speed at peak hour is based on 90% reliability of journey time
Source: KMB operating data
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Engineer – Educate – Enforce
Illegal parking/waiting in bus stops
Illegal boarding and alighting
activities at bus stops
Supposedly no stopping along
“double yellow lines” at bus stops
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Using New Methods to Collect Data
and Deliver Information
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Smart Analytics
Telematics / Bus
Operation Data
Open Data
(Real-time Traffic
Information;
Incident
Information;
Weather; Events)
Customer Data
(Structured data
from AFCS System
and Unstructured
data from Social
Media)
SMART
Strategize – Measure metrics – Analyze – Recommend - Transform
THE FUTURE OF MOBILITY
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The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Global Urban Mobility Index 2014
Source: Arthur D. Little Urban Mobility Index 2.0
CONFIDENTIAL
Thank You.