Name
Section
Date
5.3
Organic Compounds
Summary
Textbook pages 244–251
Before You Read
What do you think of when you hear the term “organic”? Outline your thoughts in the
lines below.
◆
✏ Make Flash Cards
Create flash cards to help
you remember common
organic compounds. Write
the name of the compound
on the front of the card and
the information you want to
recall on the back.
What are organic compounds?
Organic compounds are any compounds that contain carbon
(with a few exceptions). All other compounds are referred to
as inorganic compounds. In almost all organic compounds,
carbon atoms are bonded to hydrogen atoms or other
elements that are near carbon in the periodic table, especially
nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, phosphorus, and the halogens.
Other elements, including metals and non-metals, may also
be present.
The carbon in organic compounds forms four bonds,
which enables it to form complex, branched-chain structures,
ring structures, and even cage-like structures. Several
different methods can be used to model these structures.
These include the structural formula, the ball-and-stick
model, and the space-filling model shown below.
CH4
molecular formula
Shows a single
covalent bond
—
H
—
H— C —H
H
structural formula
ball-and-stick model
space-filling model
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Organic Compounds • MHR
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Section
Name
5.3
Date
Summary
continued
To recognize a compound as organic, look for an indication
of the presence of carbon in its name, chemical formula, or
diagram. However, there are a few exceptions to this rule.
Certain compounds that contain carbon are classified as
inorganic carbon compounds. These include any compounds
that contain carbonates, (i.e., CaCO3); carbides, (i.e., SiC);
and oxides (i.e., CO2, CO). ●
✔
✔
●
Reading Check
How does an organic
compound differ from an
inorganic compound?
What are some common organic compounds?
Two common organic compounds are hydrocarbons and
alcohols.
1. Hydrocarbons: A hydrocarbon is an organic
compound that contains only the elements carbon and
hydrogen. The simplest of all organic compounds is
the hydrocarbon molecule called methane (CH4) which
consists of a carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen
atoms. Other hydrocarbons are formed by linking two
or more carbons together to make a chain. The first
five hydrocarbons are given in the table below.
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Organic Compounds
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Section
Name
✔
●
5.3
Date
Summary
continued
Reading Check
Provide the molecular
formula for ethanol.
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2. Alcohols: An alcohol is one kind of organic compound
that contains C, H, and O in a specific structure. The
table below shows some common alcohols. ●
✔
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Name
Date
Analyzing
Information
Section 5.3
Use with textbook pages 244–248.
Organic chemistry
Vocabulary
alcohol
butane
carbon
ethane
ethanol
hydrocarbons
inorganic compounds
methane
organic chemistry
organic compounds
oxygen
propane
solvent
Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. You may use each term only
once.
1. Almost all compounds that contain carbon, with the exception of carbon dioxide,
carbon monoxide, and ionic carbonates, are
. The study
of carbon-containing compounds is known as
.
2.
3.
are compounds that do not contain carbon.
is an element with an atomic number of 6. It has four electrons
in its valence shell and can form four covalent bonds.
4. Compounds that contain only hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms are called
.
5.
, CH4, is the simplest hydrocarbon, with four hydrogens
covalently bonded to one carbon. It is a gas at room temperature.
, C2H6, is a gas at room temperature and is used in
6.
manufacturing plastic.
7.
, C3H8, is a gas that is easily turned into a liquid under
pressure. That is why it is often used as fuel for camp stoves and gas-fired
barbeques.
, C4H10, is a gas that is used in hand-held lighters.
8.
9. An
carbon, hydrogen, and
, such as isopropyl alcohol, is a compound that contains
.
10. Methanol is an example of a
dissolve other substances.
11.
98
, which is a liquid that can
, an alcohol with the formula of C2H6O or C2H5OH, can be seen
to be related to the hydrocarbon ethane, C2H6, if one H is removed and replaced with
OH.
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Organic Compounds
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Name
Comprehension
Section 5.3
Date
Use with textbook pages 244–248.
Recognizing organic and inorganic compounds
Classify each of the following compounds as organic or inorganic by examining their
formulas.
1. CO
16. CH3OH
2. CH4
17. NaHCO3
3. HCl
18. C6H12O6
4. NH3
19. Na2CO3
5. CO2
20. K2Cr2O7
6. CrS
21. Ca(OH)2
7. C2H4
22. Co(NO3)2
8. C4H10
23. C19H28O2
9. C6H14
24. NH4OH
10. C8H18
25. CH3OCH3
11. Cu2O
26. C18H21NO3
12. Cr2O3
27. CH3COOH
13. CHCl3
28. CH3NHCH3
14. CaCO3
29. CH3CH2OH
15. C2H6O
30. CH3CH2OCH2CH3
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Name
Analyzing
Information
Section 5.3
Date
Use with textbook pages 244–248.
Organic compounds versus inorganic compounds
Classify each of the following compounds as organic or inorganic by examining the
structural formula, ball-and-stick model, or space-filling model.
Structural formula, ball-and-stick
model, or space-filling model
Type of compound
(Organic or Inorganic)
O
1.
C
H3C
CH3
2.
O
3.
S
HO
OH
O
H
4.
H C
H
5.
H
H
O
C
H
H
H
6.
H
H
C
H
C
C
C
C
H
C
H
H
7.
F
F
S
F
F
F
F
H
8.
H
C
HO
C
H
H
C
OH
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Organic Compounds
O
OH
OH C
C CH2OH
H
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Name
Assessment
Section 5.3
Date
7. Which of the following represents an
alcohol?
Use with textbook pages 244–248.
Organic compounds
A. H
H
C
Using the compound ethane, match the Descriptor
on the left with the best Formula / Model that
represents ethane on the right. Each Formula /
Model may be used only once.
Descriptor
Formula / Model
1.
structural
A. C2H6
molecular
B.
2.
formula
3.
H
space-filling
model
4.
ball-and-stick
model
H
B.
H
C.
formula
H
H
C
C
H
H
C
H
H
D.
C.
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
CI
H
H
H
C
C
C
Br
Br
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
OH
8. Which of the following represents methane,
CH4?
D.
5. What element must always be present in an
organic compound?
I.
II.
A. carbon
B. oxygen
C. chlorine
D. hydrogen
H
III.
H
6. Which formula represents a hydrocarbon?
C
O
H
H
A. HClO3
B. CH3COOH
A. I and II only
C. CH3CH2CH2COOH
B. I and III only
D. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
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