Non-Separatists Puritanism wanted to totally reform [purify] the Church of England grew impatient with the slow process of Protestant Reformation back in England Calvinism “good works” could not save those & predestined for hell no one could be certain of their spiritual status Separatists Puritans The Mayflower 1620 a group of 102 people [half Separatists] negotiated with the Virginia Company to settle in its jurisdiction Plymouth Bay was outside the domain of the Virginia Company without legal right to land or specific authority to establish a govt. constantly seeking signs of “conversion” The Mayflower Compact November 11, 1620 As you read, consider… what were their motives? what were they agreeing to do? how is it democratic? anti-democratic? Separatists Separatist Beliefs: Puritans who believed only “visible saints” should be admitted to church membership because the Church of England enrolled all the king’s subjects, Separatists felt they had to share churches with the “damned” believed in a total break from the Church of England Covenant Theology “Covenant of Grace”: between Puritans and God “Social Covenant”: between Puritans themselves required mutual watchfulness no toleration of deviance or disorder no privacy 1 The Early Years Colonizing New England Winter of 1620-1621 The Massachusetts Bay Colony 1629 Non-Separatists got a royal charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Co. only 44 out of the original 102 survived no survivors chose to sail back didn’t want to leave the Church, just its “impurities” First “Thanksgiving” (fall of 1621) 1630 1,000 people set off in 11 ships Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant “Great Migration” of the 1630s John Winthrop became first governor of Massachusetts 1691 only 7,000 people later, merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony New England Settlements patriarchal ministers controlled church congregations and household patriarchs authoritarian male father figures controlled each household low mortality average life expectancy was 70 years of age many extended families average 6 children per family “We shall be as a city upon a hill…” Puritan “Rebels” Puritan “Rebels” threatened patriarchal control argued for a full break with Anglicans condemned the MA Bay Charter no fair compensation to Indians Roger Williams civil authorities should not regulate religious behavior 1635 exiled 1636 fled to Rhode Island remarkable political freedom in Providence, RI • • universal manhood suffrage freedom of opportunity for all RI called the “sewer” by the Puritans claimed her own direct revelation Anne Hutchinson disputed several core Puritan precepts about predestination, good works, etc. small but loyal following perceived as a threat to unity of the colony found guilty of 80 “erroneous opinions” excommunicated banished fled to RI 2 New England Spreads Out New England Colonies, 1650 Puritans vs. Native Americans epidemics wiped out ¾ of the native pop. Wampanoags [near Plymouth] befriended the settlers cooperation between the two helped by Squanto 1621 Chief Massasoit signed treaty with the settlers First Thanksgiving (1621) Pequot War (1636-1637) whites, with Narragansett Indian allies, attacked Pequot village on Mystic River whites set fire to homes & shot fleeing survivors King Philip’s War (1675-1676) Metacom [King Philip] Massasoit’s son united Indians and staged coordinated attacks New England Population What caused this decline? Pequot War What happened this year? King Philip’s War frontier settlers forced to Boston war ended in failure for the Indians Pequot tribe virtually annihilated Metacom executed, his family an uneasy peace lasted for 40 years never again a serious threat to sold into slavery What caused this growth? The Great Migration white settlers in New England 3 Population Comparisons: New England v. the Chesapeake 4