Non-Separatists
Puritanism
wanted to totally reform [purify] the
Church of England
grew impatient with the slow process of
Protestant Reformation back in England
Calvinism
“good works” could not save those
&
predestined for hell
no one could be certain of their spiritual
status
Separatists
Puritans
The Mayflower
1620 a group of 102
people [half Separatists]
negotiated with the
Virginia Company to
settle in its
jurisdiction
Plymouth Bay was
outside the domain of the
Virginia Company
without legal right to land
or specific authority to
establish a govt.
constantly seeking signs of “conversion”
The Mayflower Compact
November 11, 1620
As you read, consider…
what were their motives?
what were they agreeing to do?
how is it democratic? anti-democratic?
Separatists
Separatist Beliefs:
Puritans who believed only “visible saints”
should be admitted to church membership
because the Church of
England enrolled all the
king’s subjects,
Separatists felt they
had to share churches
with the “damned”
believed in a total
break from the Church
of England
Covenant Theology
“Covenant of Grace”:
between Puritans and God
“Social Covenant”:
between Puritans
themselves
required mutual
watchfulness
no toleration of
deviance or disorder
no privacy
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The Early Years
Colonizing New England
Winter of 1620-1621
The Massachusetts Bay Colony
1629 Non-Separatists got a royal charter
to form the Massachusetts Bay Co.
only 44 out of the original 102 survived
no survivors chose to sail back
didn’t want to leave the Church, just its
“impurities”
First “Thanksgiving” (fall of 1621)
1630 1,000 people set off in 11 ships
Plymouth stayed small and economically
unimportant
“Great Migration” of the 1630s
John Winthrop became first
governor of Massachusetts
1691 only 7,000
people
later, merged with
Massachusetts Bay
Colony
New England Settlements
patriarchal ministers
controlled church
congregations and
household patriarchs
authoritarian male
father figures
controlled each
household
low mortality average life
expectancy was 70 years of age
many extended families
average 6 children per family
“We shall be as a
city upon a hill…”
Puritan “Rebels”
Puritan “Rebels”
threatened patriarchal
control
argued for a full break with Anglicans
condemned the MA Bay Charter
no fair compensation to Indians
Roger
Williams
civil authorities should not regulate religious
behavior
1635 exiled
1636 fled to Rhode Island
remarkable political freedom in Providence, RI
•
•
universal manhood suffrage
freedom of opportunity for all
RI called the “sewer” by the Puritans
claimed her own direct
revelation
Anne
Hutchinson
disputed several core Puritan precepts
about predestination, good works, etc.
small but loyal following perceived as a
threat to unity of the colony
found guilty of 80 “erroneous opinions”
excommunicated
banished
fled to RI
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New England Spreads Out
New England Colonies, 1650
Puritans vs. Native Americans
epidemics wiped out ¾ of the native pop.
Wampanoags [near Plymouth] befriended
the settlers
cooperation between the two
helped by Squanto
1621 Chief Massasoit signed
treaty with the settlers
First Thanksgiving (1621)
Pequot War (1636-1637)
whites, with
Narragansett
Indian allies,
attacked Pequot
village on Mystic
River
whites set fire
to homes & shot
fleeing survivors
King Philip’s War (1675-1676)
Metacom [King Philip]
Massasoit’s son
united Indians and staged
coordinated attacks
New England Population
What caused
this decline?
Pequot War
What happened
this year?
King Philip’s
War
frontier settlers forced
to Boston
war ended in failure for the Indians
Pequot tribe virtually annihilated
Metacom executed, his family
an uneasy peace lasted for 40 years
never again a serious threat to
sold into slavery
What caused this
growth?
The Great Migration
white settlers in New England
3
Population Comparisons:
New England v. the Chesapeake
4