Intentional Interviewing
and Counseling
Allen E . Ivey
University of Massachusetts
THE MICROSKILLS APPROACH
Microskills are communication skill units of the interview that will help
you develop a more intentional and rounded ability to interact with a
client. They will provide specific alternatives for you to use with different types of clients . Micnoskills form the foundation of intentional
interviewing .
- Different theories have different
patterns of skill usage .
- Different situations call for
different patterns of skill usage .
- Different cultural groups have
different patterns of skill usage.
/
SKILL
INTEGRATION
Five Stages of the Interview :
l . Rapport/Stntcturing
2 . Defining the Problem
SKILL SEQUENCING
3 . Defining a Goal
AND STRUCTURING
4 . Explorations of Alternatives
THE INTERVIEW
and Confronting Incongmity
5 . Generalization to Daily Life
CONFRONTATION
(Discrepancies, Incongruity)
INFLUENCING SKILLS
Directive, Logical Consequences,
Interpretation, Self-Disclosure,
Advice/Information/Explanation/
Instruction, Feedback, Influencing
Summary
FOCUSING
Client, Problem, Others, "We ; ' Intewiewer,
CulturallEnvironmentaUContextual
REFLECTION OF MEANING
BASIC
ATTENDING
SKILLS
REFLECTION OF FEELING
ENCOURAGE, PARAPHRASE, AND SUMMARIZATION
OPEN AND CLOSED QUESTIONS
BASIC
LISTENING
SEQUENCE
CLIENT OBSERVATION SKILLS
ATTENDING BEHAVIOR
Culturally appropriate eye contact, verbal tracking, body language, and
vocal qualities
Attending behavior and client observation skills form the foundation of effective
communication, but are not always the appropriate place to begin training.
The basic listening sequence of attending skills (open and closed questions,
encouraging, paraphrasing, reflection of feeling, and summarization) is often
found in effective interviewing, management, social work, physician diagnostic
sessions, and many other settings.
FIGURE 1-I The microskills hierardty. Copyright 1982 Allen E . Ivey,
Box 641, N . Amherst, Mass. 01059
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INFLUENCING
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