Power Generation Green Project Mainly
Using Woody Biomass
Hirohisa Shima,
Technical Advisor
ICETT
1. Background
★
★
★
Curtailment of CO2 emission by energy produced from woody
biomass
Kyoto Protocol (enforced in Feb.2005): ▲6％ compared with
the emission level in 1990 (Japan)
Small incinerators have difficulties in incinerating wood chips.
Enforced the Law Concerning Special Measures against Dioxins
Effective use of woody biomass, an energy source not fully
utilized yet
★
Mie Prefecture is rich in forestry resources, mainly artificial
forests, and woody biomass resources.
★
Strong support of the Japanese Government for promoting
effective use of woody biomass:
Biomass Nippon Comprehensive Strategy (Decided at the
Cabinet Meeting in Dec. 2002)
2. Biomass-Related Events
Dec. 1997:
July 1999:
Jan. 2001:
Dec. 2001:
Jun. 2002:
Apr. 2003:
Oct. 2004:
Dec. 2004:
May 2005:
Dec. 2005:
20??:
Adopted ‘Kyoto Protocol’
Established and enforced ‘Law Concerning Special
Measures against Dioxins’
Revised ‘Outline for Promotion Effects to Prevent Global
Warming’
‘Biomass Nippon Comprehensive Project’ decided at the
Cabinet Meeting
Kyoto Protocol signed by Japan
Enforced RPS(Renewables Portfolio Standard) Law
Enforced ‘Law for Enhancing Motivation on
Environmental Conservation and Promoting of
Environmental Education’
‘Kyoto Protocol’ ratified by Russia
Enforced ‘Kyoto Protocol’
The First Meeting to the Kyoto Protocol (COP/MOP1)
Adopted ‘Montreal Action Plan (MAP)’
CO2 reduction target setting and introduction of
environmental tax?
バイオマスニッポン総合戦略
基本戦略
実施体制
Key Points of ‘Biomass Nippon Comprehensive Strategy’
Biomass Greatly Expected as an
Alternative Energy Source
1)
2)
3)
4)
Prevention of Global Warming: Use of carbon-neutral
biomass in lieu of CO2 emitting energy and products of
fossil resource origin
Creation of a environment-friendly society: Effective
utilization of limited resources through utilization o of
biomass for contributing to making a shift to a sustainable
society
Revitalization of agriculture, forestry and fishery and
agricultural, forestry and fishery villages: To be achieved
by utilizing biomass, abundant resources that is nourished
in nature
Nourishment of competitive strategic industries in Japan:
To reconstruct competitive Japanese industries through
developing biomass-related industries as strategic
industries originated in Japan
Unclear visions
Status Quo and Challenges
- Biomass not fully and comprehensively utilized as a
competitive energy source
- Common understandings not developed in all tiers of
Japanese people on utilizing biomass
Abundant biomass not fully and effectively utilized
Reference (1)
Toward Realization of
Biomass Nippon
Development of Basic
National Strategies and
Presentation of it in an Easy
to Understand Manner
-
Target setting
-
How to establish a system best
suit for the current conditions
of each local area and how to
conduct demonstration
experiments at model regions
-
How to nourish understanding
of Japanese people
-
How to enhance cost
effectiveness of producing,
collecting, transforming and
using biomass
Others
（Source: The Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry）
3. Outline of the Green Project
(1) Objectives
①
To establish a sustainable forest management (to
establish a system supporting ‘sustainable green
ecosystem’)
②
To contribute to revitalization of timber and lumber
industries
③
To take an initiative for forming a recycle-oriented society
④
To take an initiative against global warming
To contribute to form a environmentally advanced
⑤
prefecture
(2) Selection of Candidate Areas
Matsuzaka Lumber and Timber Complex
・ One of the major site in Japan for manufacturing and
distributing Japan-made wood
・ Favorable geographic locations
4. Basic Concept for Utilizing Woody
Biomass
① Woody Biomass as an Energy Resource
Volume of left-over wood in forests, discarded wood after
sawing, construction woody wastes and their demands are
precisely assessed in order to construct a system that
demands and supplies of energy produced from woody
biomass are well balanced.
② Promotion of Actions Involving the Entire Region
Actions under cooperation among forestry industries,
lumber and timber businesses, forestry cooperative,
theprefecture and municipalities and volunteers, etc.
③ Establishing a System of Stimulating use of Woody Biomass
Mie Prefecture:
To promote the project and to form a
support system
Citizens in Mie:
To understand and cooperate the project
by using woody biomass
Promotion of Using Woody Biomass
Project Scheme
Upstream: Supply of woody biomass
（Supply of energy）
● Lumber companies in
Matsuzaka City and in Wood
Pia
Discarded wood after sawing
and sawdust, bark
and wood chips
● Material producers centered on
Kushida River Wood Materials
Producing Association
Wood Pia Woody Biomass Utilization Cooperative
Association (tentative name)
Wood chip production (factories in
Wood Pia）
【Wood Chip Manufacturing Facilities】
Manufacturing of woody biomass fuel
〈Fuel supply:
120t〉
Woody biomass power station (Ureshino
Plant)
【Thermal and Electricity Supply Facility】
Supplies electricity and heat
●
● Wrecking companies in Mie
● Major residential builders and
local builders
Construction woody
wastes generated in Mie
●
●
To be constructed within a land owned
by the association members
Boiler and direct fuel power generation
facility
Land: Site owned by the association
members is leased.
Power generation volume: 1,600kwh
Supply of steam:12,000ｋｇ/ｈ
Controls under
the RPS regime
〉
〈 Power Supply
Left-over wood in forests such
as thinned wood and those
in raw wood markets
Factory
owned by
association
members
● To be located in Wood Pia
Matsuzaka
● Stock yards and buildings
● Land: To purchase land in Wood Pia
Matsuzaka
● Raw wood market in Wood Pia
Ichiuri Association
● Raw wood market of Matsuzaka
Iinan Forestry Association
〈 Supply of
electricity and
〉
steam
● Lumber companies in former
Iinan Town
Supply of electricity and
steam
Woody biomass supply facility
Electric company
RPS procurement
cost
Characteristics of Biomass Power Generation
Conceptual Diagram of Circulating Woody
Biomass Energy
CO2 is absorbed
by forests
Lumber and
timber
resources
Thinned and trimmed
wood
Sawing and
processing wood
Lumber and
timber
Sawing
waste
Biomass power generation
Residential
construction
Electricity supply
Construction
waste
Reduced use of fossil fuels
Heat supply
Electric company
DRAFT
400kW
Interconnected
power system
2,000kW
Electricity for
industrial use
Steam turbine
Output at generation end
＝1,600kW＋ Electricity consumed
by the plant
Generator
Boiler
12t/ｈ 0.8MPa 185℃
Steam for
industrial use
Biomass fuel
transported by a
truck
Condenser
Cooling
tower
90% 90℃
Effluent gas
treatment
Chip acceptance
yard
Chimney
Water supply
equipment
Ash is
removed using
a truck
Water
supply
Condensation tank
Effluent
water
treatment
Ash yard
Discharged
to rivers
System Diagram of a Woody Biomass Power
Generation and Heat Distribution Facility
Expected Effects of a Biomass Heat and
Electricity Supplying Facility
†
① Direct Effects
†
・ Releasing of air pollutants can be reduced.
・ It is an initiative against global warming (by significant reduction
of emission of CO2 to air)
・ Transformation of biomass into energy resources
・ Significant reduction of generating industrial waste water
・ Reduction of odors by thermal decomposition
・ It is an initiative toward realizing zero emission
・ It is an initiative participation in utilizing biomass by the
Japanese Government
†
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†
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†
†
†
†
†
②
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・
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Indirect Effects
Illegal disposal of wastes can be prevented.
Open air burning of wastes can be prevented.
Unutilized biomass resources can be utilized effectively.
Social responsibility to the local community can be fulfilled.
Contribution to forming a recycle-oriented society
Contribution to form an environmental advanced prefecture
5 Actions for Using Woody Biomass as an Energy (1)
★
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
Establishing a Stable Woody Biomass Supply System
Setting up a supply system of thinned wood (leftover wood in forests)
Supply of discarded wood after sawing
Promotion of improving infrastructures
Establishing an economic system taking into
consideration of an environmental value
Improving a wood processing and distribution
system
Establishing a system to collect left-over wood in
forests
Establishing a system to collect construction woody
wastes
5. Actions for Using Woody Biomass as an Energy (2)
★ Formation of Social Agreement on Utilization of
Biomass
Promoting an agreement among the local society
that woody biomass can realize self-supply of
energy by the local industries and revitalize the
area through creation of jobs by encouraging
utilization of the resource in a unified manner.
In order to raise more understanding of the local
residents on utilization of biomass, various efforts
are needed in cooperation with environmental
preservation activities initiated by various entities.
5. Actions for Using Woody Biomass as an Energy (3)
★
Formation and Dissemination of an Economic
System incorporating Eco Management
It is necessary that what ripples effects woody
biomass can make to the local economy and the
environmental sustainability and the scope of
support for introducing the resource be
clarified by the administration including:
① creation of a system that returns money
generated by forests to the forests,
② collecting and providing information and
③ developing new products
6. Supply of Fuels for Promoting Use
of Woody Biomass
★ Woody Biomass as a Fuel
》Stable Supply of Woody Biomass《
・Wastes from sawmills: sawdust, discarded
wood, bark and other waste wood
・Thinned and trimmed trees: leaves, discarded
wood, roots and branches, etc.
・Wastes from constructors, wrecking
companies and builders: construction woody
wastes
7. Fuel Supply for Promoting Use of Woody
Biomass
★ Stable Fuel Supply Plan
① Waste wood such as discarded wood generated
from sawmills, etc. (60T/D)
② Thinned trees left unused in forests(12T／D)
③ Construction woody wastes(48T／D)
★Challenges in Procuring Fuels
① How to promote a cascade use system of biomass
② How to promote local-production for localconsumption
③ How to establish a forest management plan for
producing energy
④ How to set up a construction woody waste
collection system
8. Volume of Construction Woody Waste
Available for Biomass Use
(Waste Survey by Mie Prefecture in FY2000)
Region
Generation of Volume of
construction Reuse (t)
waste (t)
biomass (t)
23,700
18,400
10,500
6,200
4,300
Iga
3,600
2,400
1,200
Owase and
Kumano
6,800
5,400
1,400
North Ise
South Ise
Total
42,100
Volume of
37,700
25、300
9. Volume of Biomass Resources Available from
Left-Over Wood after Sawing
(Lumber and timber industry database project in FY2001）
Region
Incinerated
Used as
(t/Y)
Fuel (t/Y)
Unknown
(t/Y)
Total
（t/Y)
6,711
North Ise
2,821
1,587
2,303
South Ise
3,986
3,655
7,555 15,196
295
360
3,046
3,701
Owase and
Kumano
1,037
214
3,018
4,269
Total
8,139
5,816
15、922
29,877
Iga
10. Volume of Thinned Trees (Left-Over
Wood in Forest)
（Forestry statistics)
Region
Forest area
（㎥）
Unused
wood
generated
by thinning
（㎥）
Branches
and leaves
（㎥）
Total
resources of
left-over
wood in
forests
（㎥）
North Ise
56,170
49,430
12,357
61,787
South Ise
128,420
113,010
28,252
141,262
16,562
14,575
3,643
18,218
68,104
59,932
14,983
74,915
269,256
236,947
59,235
296,182
Iga
Owase and
Kumano
Total
11. Volume of Woody Biomass by Region
Left-over
wood and
trimmed
trees in
forests (t)
Total (t)
6,711
27,186
52,297
4,300
15,196
62,155
81,651
Iga
1,200
3,701
8,016
12、917
Owase and
Kumano
1,400
4,269
32,963
38,632
25,300
１３.６%
29,877
16.1％
Region
Construction
wastes (t)
North Ise
18,400
South Ise
Total
Waste
wood after
sawing (t)
130,3270.
3％
185,497
12. Woody Biomass Utilization Cooperative
Association (Tentative Name)
Establishment and Operation Plan
★ Operation and management of woody chip
manufacturing facilities
★ Sales of electricity and steam
★ Operation and management of boiler power
generation facilities
Heat and electricity supply facilities
13. Ripple Effects Expected by the
Woody Biomass Utilization
Promotion Project
★ Return of profits to forests and forestry
・Return of profits to forests and forestry
・Stable management of sawmills
★ Initiatives for Anti-Global Warming
Measures
・ Reduction of CO2 Due to the use of the
alternative energy to fossil fuels
★ Initiatives for Zero Emission
・ Nourishing new recycle-oriented
industries
・ Prevention of open air burning of wastes
・ Prevention of illegal disposal
★ Control against Emission of Pollutants
(Reference)
Projects Expected for Promoting Use of
Thinned Wood (by Mie and other prefectures)
† Project for securing absorption of CO2 through
reforestation
† Forest environment creation project
† Project for improving protection forests
† Private initiatives
Bioethanol and Biodiesel
† Bioethanol
・ Waste materials
・ Cone
・ Sugarcane
・ Others
† Biodiesel
† Waste cooking oil