Unit 2: The Ancient World (2500 B.C. – A.D. 100)
Chapter 4: The Ancient World
Lesson 3 PI: Persia Attacks the Greeks, pp. 131-137
Mrs. Welch
Objectives
1. Discuss how the Persian Empire united a wide area under a single government.
2. Describe how Sparta and Athens united forces to defeat the Persians.
Vocabulary
satrapies-
satrap-
Zoroastrianism-
Reading Strategy Organizing Information Fill in the chart to list the accomplishments of the Persian rulers
Cyrus, Darius, and Xerxes. We will complete this together in class after the worksheet has been graded.
Ruler
Cyrus
Accomplishments
Darius
Xerxes
The Persian Empire
Main Idea The Persian Empire united a wide area under a single government.
1. Where did the people of Persia live?
2. Who were the early Persians, and what did they do? (3)
3. Who managed to unite the Persians into a powerful kingdom? When did he rule? (3)
The Rise of the Persian Empire
4. What did Cyrus’s armies do in 539 B.C.? (2)
5. What did they take over next? (5)
6 Social Studies – Chapter 4 – Page 2 – Lesson 3– Mrs. Welch
6. How did Cyrus treat all his new subjects? What did he allow the captive Jews in Babylon to do? (2)
7. What did Cyrus’s merciful rule help to do?
8. What did the leaders who followed Cyrus continue to do?
9. What did they conquer? What is Thrace? (4)
10. About how large was the Persian Empire from one end to the other?
11. What did the Persians build to connect their vast holdings?
12. How far did the Royal Road stretch? What was the Persian capital?
13. What did the Persians set up along the way? What did these stations supply? (4)
14. Who needed these supplies?
What Was Persian Government Like?
15. What happened as the Persian Empire grew bigger? What did Darius do when he came to the throne?
When did this happen? (3)
16. Into what did Darius divide the empire? How many were there? What were they called? (3)
17. Who ruled each satrapy? What did the name mean? (2)
18. What did the satrap act as? (4)
19. To whom did all the satraps answer? Upon what did the king’s power depend? (2)
20. What did Persia have by the time of Darius?
6 Social Studies – Chapter 4 – Page 3 – Lesson 3– Mrs. Welch
21. What was true of the Persian army, instead of having citizens take up arms during times of war as they did
in Greece?
22. How many soldiers were specially trained to guard the king? What were they called? Why? (3)
The Persian Religion
23. What was the Persian religion called? Who was its founder? When was he born? (3)
24. After what event did he begin preaching?
25. What did Zoroaster believe in, like the Jews? How did he view this supreme being? (3)
26. Zoroaster recognized evil in the world, too. What did he teach? (3)
27. How long did the Persians practice Zoroastrianism? What is true today? (2)
The Persian Wars
Main Idea Both Sparta and Athens played roles in defeating the Persians
28. What happened as the Greeks set up colonies in the Mediterranean Sea?
29. What was true by the mid-500s B.C.?
30. What did the Athenian army do in 499 B.C.? (2)
31. Was the rebellion successful? What did King Darius decide after this?
Battle of Marathon
32. What happened in 490 B.C. on the plain of Marathon? How many soldiers landed there? (3)
33. What did the Persians do there for several days?
34. How many soldiers did the Athenians have compared to those of the Persians? (2)
35. What did the Athenians do rather than attack?
6 Social Studies – Chapter 4 – Page 4 – Lesson 3– Mrs. Welch
36. What did the Persian commander decide to do since he was tired of waiting? (2)
37. Who was the first to board the ships? What was true of this part of the army? (3)
38. What did the Greeks do as soon as the cavalry was out of fighting range?
39. What were the Persian foot soldiers doing at this time? Why were they easily defeated? (2)
40. Who was sent back to Athens with the news of the victory, according to legend?
41. How far did he run from Marathon to Athens? What was his last statement before he died of exhaustion?
(2)
42. What are named for this famous run? Over how long are they? (2)