Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Important vocabulary:
ATP
Cellular respiration
Chloroplast
Energy
Enzyme
Glucose
Mitochondria
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
What do cells need to carry out everyday activities?
ENERGY
Energy: the ability to do work
What is photosynthesis?
The ability of plants to take sunlight and convert it into energy (sugar/glucose)
Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
Diagram on board:
Photosynthesis formula:
(enzymes)
Sunlight + H2O + CO2 glucose + oxygen + H20
One of the final products of photosynthesis is glucose (a source of energy!!!)….How is
glucose then broken down?????? (either by the plant or the animal that eats the plant?)
Cellular Respiration!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Cellular respiration: the process by which cells break down glucose into an energy
source the organism can use (ATP)
Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.
Diagram:
Cellular respiration formula:
(enzymes)
Glucose + oxygen H2O + CO2 + ATP
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
Diagram:
*energy is released when the 3rd phosphate bond is broken on an ATP molecule resulting
in an ADP molecule
(ADP-adenosine diphosphate)
*ADP will reform ATP when another phosphate becomes available
Reminder!!!!!
Since plants are able to make their own food in the form of organic glucose they are
considered Autotrophs!!!!!
Animals cannot make their own food, they must go out and find it…therefore, they are
considered Heterotrophs!!!!!!
Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Respiration
In most organisms, cellular respiration is carried out in the presence of oxygen
Aerobic respiration: requires oxygen
Anaerobic respiration: does not require
oxygen
Aerobic respiration is much more productive than anaerobic respiration! Aerobic
respiration produces much more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
*some organisms, like yeast and bacteria, carry on respiration without oxygen.
*most organisms (humans) carry out cellular respiration with and without oxygen…but
respiration using oxygen is much more efficient!!!!
Fermentation (Anaerobic respiration):
Fermentation: provides energy for cells without using oxygen
2 types of fermentation
1. Alcoholic fermentation: an anaerobic process where cells, such as yeast, convert
glucose into CO2 and ethyl alcohol. (yields 2 ATP molecules)
Formula:
Glucose + yeast CO2 + ethyl alcohol + ATP
Picture from regents:
Muscle Fatigue: when the body undergoes extreme physical activity the cells are
sometimes deprived of oxygen necessary for cellular respiration to take place. During
muscle fatigue a characteristic burning may be felt in the muscles.
What causes this burning sensation is Lactic Acid fermentation, a form of anaerobic
cellular respiration that occurs in our bodies!!!!
2. Lactic Acid fermentation: an anaerobic process where body cells convert glucose into
CO2 and lactic acid. (yields 2 ATP molecules) This process occurs during extreme
muscle fatigue when the cells are deprived of oxygen.
Formula:
Glucose CO2 + ATP + lactic acid
Diagram showing Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration occurring
simultaneously:
Comparison of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Glucose is ___________________
Glucose is ________________
Glucose is converted into __________
Sunlight is converted into ___________
Carbon dioxide ______________
Carbon dioxide _______________
Oxygen ______________
Oxygen _________________
Takes place in the
________________________
Takes place in the
___________________
Occurs in ___________________ cells
Occurs __________________ cells
Regents review questions:
1. By which process are CO2 and H20 converted into carbohydrates?
A. Transpiration
B. respiration
C. photosynthesis
D. fermentation
2. The conversion of light energy into chemical bond energy occurs within the cells
of?
A. molds
B. yeasts
C. dogs
D. algae
3. Glucose molecules may be stored in plants in the form of:
A. oxygen
B. starch
C. nucleic acids
D. amino acids
4. Organisms capable of manufacturing organic molecules from inorganic raw
materials are classified as:
A. autotrophs
B. heterotrophs
C. plants
D. both A and C
5. The basic raw materials for photosynthesis are:
A. Water and carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen and water
C. Sugar and carbon dioxide
D. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
6. Which word equation represents the process of photosynthesis?
A. Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen + water
B. Glucose alcohol + carbon dioxide
C. Maltose + water glucose + oxygen + water
D. Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + oxgyen
7. Which word equation represents the process of aerobic cellular respiration?
A. Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen + water
B. Glucose alcohol + carbon dioxide + ATP
C. ATP + water glucose + oxygen + water
D. Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + ATP
8. Autotrophic activity in plant cells is most closely associated with the organelles
called:
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosomes
C. Lysosomes
D. Chloroplasts
9. In terms of nutrition, the functional difference between animals and plants is that
green plants are able to:
A. Synthesize glucose
B. Break down carbohydrates
C. Carry on aerobic respiration
D. Form ATP molecules
10. Most animals make energy available for cell activity by transferring the potential
energy of glucose to ATP. This process occurs during:
A. Aerobic respiration only
B. Anaerobic respiration only
C. Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
D. Neither aerobic and anaerobic respiration
11. In animal cells, the energy to convert ADP to ATP comes directly from:
A. hormones
B. sunlight
C. organic molecules
D. inorganic molecules
12. the organelles where cellular respiration take place are called the:
A. mitochondria
B. chloroplasts
C. lysosomes
D. ribosomes
13. The substances that directly control the rate of reaction of the chemical processes
of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are:
A. phosphates
B. ADP
C. ATP
D. enzymes
14. Energy for use in cells is stored in the form of:
A. Physical energy
B. Chemical bond energy
C. Heat energy
D. Mechanical energy
15. Energy released from the cellular respiration of glucose is:
A. First stored within ATP
B. Stored in the liver as fat
C. Turned into fat
D. Used directly for body activity
16. As a direct result of the life process called cellular respiration in humans,
A. Liquid wastes are eliminated from the body
B. Food is digested and absorbed into the blood
C. Energy is released from digested food within the cells
D. Nutrients are transported within the cells
Constructed response questions:
17. Compare photosynthesis and respiration with regard to each of the following:
*source of energy
*materials used by each process
*location of each process in the cell
*when each process occurs in plants and animals
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
19. Do plants carry out cellular respiration? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
20. Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are cyclical in nature.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________