Study Guide Answers Chapter 1
name_______________________________________
This chapter discusses many general ideas and themes in biology that will be revisited in detail in later chapters.
Vocabulary- emergent properties, systems biology, genomics, negative feedback, positive feedback
Interactive question 1.1
a. biosphere-_____________________________________________________________________________________
b. ecosystem-_____________________________________________________________________________________
c. community-_____________________________________________________________________________________
d. population-_____________________________________________________________________________________
e. organism-_____________________________________________________________________________________
f. organs and organ systems-________________________________________________________________________
g. tissues-________________________________________________________________________________________
h. cells-__________________________________________________________________________________________
i. organelles-_____________________________________________________________________________________
j. molecules-_____________________________________________________________________________________
Interactive question 1.2
Medical practice--___________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental policy--_______________________________________________________________________________
Interactive question 1.3-_____________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Interactive question 1.4-_____________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Interactive question 1.5-_____________________________________________________________________________
Interactive question 1.6-_____________________________________________________________________________
Interactive question 1.7
a.________________________________________________________________________________________________
b.________________________________________________________________________________________________
Interactive question 1.8
a.________________________________________________________________________________________________
b.________________________________________________________________________________________________
Structure your knowledge (briefly summarize the themes)
a. emergent properties____________________________________________________________________________
b. interactions- biotic and physical_____________________________________________________________________
c. energy transfer and transformation__________________________________________________________________
d. structure and function ____________________________________________________________________________
e. cells ___________________________________________________________________________________________
f. heritable information ____________________________________________________________________________
g. feedback mechanisms ____________________________________________________________________________
h. evolution _______________________________________________________________________________________
Multiple choice
1_____ 2_____ 4_____ 5_____ 6_____ 7_____ 8_____
Chapter 2 Study guide answers
name__________________________________
Vocabulary- It is assumed you know all basic chemistry vocabulary.
Interactive question 2.1 These are the most important elements in organisms after C, H, O, and N.
Ca _______________________ P_______________________ K______________________ S_______________________
Na_______________________ Cl______________________ Mg_____________________
Interactive question 2.2
______________________, _________________________,
______________________________, ______________________________, _______________________________
Interactive question 2.3 __________________________________, __________________________________
Interactive question 2.4
7N
6C
8O
12Mg
Interactive question 2.5
a. ____________________________ d.____________________________ g.____________________________
b.____________________________ e.____________________________ h.____________________________
c.____________________________ f.____________________________
atomic number
valence shell
electrons
isotopes
protons
i._____________________________
element
mass number
element neutrons
Interactive question 2.6
a. H __________
O ____________ C____________ N____________
H2
O2
N2
CH4
Interactive question 2.8
a.__________________ b.______________________ c._____________________ d.___________________
Interactive question 2.9
a._______________________________ b.__________________________________Interactive question 2.10
Interactive question 2.12
C6H12O6
+
______O2 →
____ CO2 + _____ H2O
Multiple Choice
1_____ 2_____ 3_____ 4_____ 5_____ 6_____ 7_____ 8_____ 9_____ 10_____ 12_____ 13_____ 14_____ 15_____
16_____ 17_____ 18_____ 19_____ 20_____ 24_____ 25_____ 26_____ 27_____ 28_____ 29_____ 30_____
Chapter 3 study guide answers
name________________________
Vocabulary- cohesion, adhesion, specific heat, heat of vaporization, hydration shell, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, mole,
buffers
Interactive question 3.1
Interactive question 3.2
a._________________________________ d_____________________________ g.______________________________
b._________________________________ e._____________________________ h.______________________________
c._________________________________ f._____________________________
ice forms
absorbed
rain
released
polar water molecules
heat of vaporization
solar heat
specific heat
evaporative cooling
Interactive question 3.3
a. olive oil _______________, ________________ c. salt _____________________, _____________________
b. sugar _______________, ________________
hydrophilic or hydrophobic,
d. candle wax ___________________, ____________________
polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, or ionic
Interactive question 3.4
a. _____________________________ b. ____________________________
Interactive question 3.6
H2CO3
↔
HCO3-
a. ______________________________________
+ H+
b.______________________________________
Structure your Knowledge
1.
Property
Explanation of property
Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules
together and adhere them to hydrophilic
surfaces
High specific heat
Example of benefit to life
Temperature changes in environment and
organisms are moderated
Hydrogen bonds in water must be broken
in order for water to evaporate
Water molecules with high kinetic energy
evaporate, remaining water molecules are
cooler
Less dense as a solid
Most chemical reaction in life involve solutes
dissolved in water
Multiple choice
1____ 2____ 3____ 4____ 5____ 6____ 7____ 8____ 9____ 10____ 11____ 12____ 13____ 14____ 15____ 16____
17____ 18____ 19____ 20____ 21____ 23____ 24____
Chapter 4 study guide answers
name_____________________________________
Vocabulary- hydrocarbons, isomers , structural isomer, cis-trans isomers, enantiomers, asymmetric carbon, functional
groups,
Interactive question 3.1 _____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Interactive question 3.2
The structural isomers are ____________________________ and
______________________________________
The cis-trans isomers are __________________________ and
_____________________________________.
The enantiomers are _____________________________________
and _______________________________________
Structure your Knowledge
Chemical group
Molecular formula
-OH
Characteristics of compounds with this group
Aldehyde or ketone, polar group
carboxyl
-NH2
Thiols, cross-links stabilize protein structure
phosphate
-CH3
Multiple choice
1____ 2____3____4____5____6____ 8____ 9____ 10____
Multiple choice
1_______2_______ 3______4_______ 5_______6______7_______8_______9_______10_______11_______12_______
Chapter 5 study guide answers
name___________________________
Vocabulary- macromolecules, monomer, dehydration reaction, hydrolysis, enzymes, saturated and unsaturated fats,
protein structure, denaturation, pyrimidines, purines,
Interactive question 5.1 Monomers are linked into polymers by ____________________________, which involves the
________________________________ of a water molecule. Polymers are broken down to monomers by
___________________________________ which involves the _________________________ of water.
Interactive question 5.2 You can recognize a monosaccharide by its multiple _______________________________
groups and its one ___________________________ group whose location determines whether the sugar is an
_________________________ or a _____________________________. In aqueous solutions, most five and six carbon
sugars form ________________________________.
Interactive question 5.3
Number the carbons in the glucose molecules (each
unlabeled corner of the ring is a carbon). Circle the
atoms that will be removed in a dehydration
synthesis, then draw the resulting maltose molecule
withs its 1-4 glycosidic linkage.
Interactive question 5.4
a______________________________ e_____________________________ i_________________________________
b______________________________ f______________________________j_________________________________
c_______________________________ g____________________________ k_________________________________
d_______________________________ h_____________________________l_________________________________
chitin
monosaccharides
cellulose
CH2O starch energy compounds animals
polysaccharides carbon skeletons, monomers
disaccharides glycosidic linkages
glycogen
Interactive question 5.5 Sketch a phospholipid bilayer of a membrane and label the hydrophilic head and hydrophobic
tail.
\
Interactive question 5.6
a______________________________ e_____________________________ i_________________________________
b______________________________ f______________________________j_________________________________
c_______________________________ g_____________________________
d_______________________________ h_____________________________
fats. Triglycerides
animal cell membrane component, cholesterol
phospholipids
steroids
glycerol
fatty acids saturated has double bonds
unsaturated has no double bonds phosphate group cell membranes
Interactive question 5.7
a
Alanine
Serine
b Which is polar? ________________________________
c. What does the drawing represent? _________________________________________
Interactive question 5.8
a_________________________________________ c_____________________________________________
b_________________________________________ d______________________________________________
ionic bond
sulfur bridge
hydrogen bond
hydrophobic interaction
Interactive question 5.10
Label the three parts of the nucleotide.
Indicate with an arrow where the phosphate
group of the next nucleotide would attach
to build a polynucleotide. Number the
carbons of this pentose sugar.
b. Is this a purine or pyrimidine? _____________________ How do you know? ________________________________
c. Is this DNA or RNA? ___________ How do you know? ___________________________________________________
Structure your knowledge
Primary structure ___________________________________________________________________________
Secondary structure _________________________________________________________________________
Tertiary structure ___________________________________________________________________________
Quaternary structure ________________________________________________________________________
2. Look at the molecules a-g.
Which two would combine to form a fat? ____ and ____
Which would join to another with a peptide bond? _____
Which three would join to form a nucleotide? ______ , ______, and _____
Which two are carbohydrates? _____ and _____
Which molecule is a purine? _____
Which molecule is the monomer of a protein? _____
Which two groups would be joined by a phosphodiester bond? _____ and _____
Most non polar (hydrophobic) molecule _____
Identify the molecules (letter)
Ribose_____ glycerol _____
fatty acid____ amino acid ____ phosphate ____ triose sugar ____ nitrogen base _____
Multiple choice
1____ 2____ 4____ 5____6____ 7____8____9____11____12____14____15____16____17____18____19____20____
21____ 22____23____24____