You and Your Health 1 Chapter 1 Learning About Your Health 2 ▼ Lesson 1 What Is Health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 HANDS-ON HEALTH: Your Health Triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ▼ Lesson 2 What Influences Your Health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 HEALTH SKILLS: Class Health Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ▼ Lesson 3 Health Risks and Your Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 HEALTH SKILLS: Avoiding Risk Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Health Do You Have Sleep Smarts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Building Health Skills Tracking Down the Facts (Accessing Information) . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chapter 2 Taking Responsibility for Your Health 24 ▼ Lesson 1 Building Health Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Health Skills: How to Find Reliable Information . . . . . . . . . . 27 ▼ Lesson 2 Making Responsible Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Hands-On Health: The Links Between Decisions . . . . . . . . . 35 ▼ Lesson 3 Setting Personal Health Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Health Skills: Managing Your Habits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Lesson 4 Your Character in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Health Skills: Maintaining Parents’ Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 ▼ UNIT 1 Health 3 Teens Making a Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Building Health Skills Saying No and Feeling Good About It (Refusal Skills) . . . . . . . . 46 v UNIT 2 Keeping Your Body Healthy 50 Chapter 3 Physical Activity and Fitness 52 Lesson 1 Physical Activity and Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Lesson 2 The Skeletal and Muscular Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Lesson 3 The Circulatory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Lesson 4 Developing a Personal Fitness Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 ▼ Lesson 5 Sports and Physical Wellness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 HEALTH SKILLS: Balancing Your Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Health The New Gym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Building Health Skills Staying on the Path to Fitness (Goal Setting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Chapter 4 Food and Nutrition 86 ▼ Lesson 1 Nutrients for Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 HEALTH SKILLS: Keeping Food Safe . . . . . . . . . . 92 Lesson 2 The Food Guide Pyramid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 ▼ Lesson 3 Healthful Meals and Snacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 HEALTH SKILLS: Breakfast on the Go . . . . . . . . . 99 ▼ Lesson 4 The Digestive and Excretory Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 102 HANDS-ON HEALTH: How Foods Break Down . . 106 ▼ Lesson 5 Managing Your Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 HEALTH SKILLS: Positive Body Image . . . . . . . 110 Health How Healthy Are Those Fries? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Building Health Skills Fast Food: What’s a Healthy Choice? (Decision Making) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 vi Chapter 5 Personal Health and Consumer Choices 118 ▼ Lesson 1 Caring for Your Teeth, Skin, Hair, and Nails . . . . . . 120 HEALTH SKILLS: Did You Brush Your Teeth? . . . 121 ▼ Lesson 2 Caring for Your Eyes and Ears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 HEALTH SKILLS: Avoiding Eyestrain . . . . . . . . 129 ▼ Lesson 3 Consumer Choices and Your Health . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 HANDS-ON HEALTH: Advertising Techniques . . . 135 ▼ Lesson 4 Being an Informed Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 HEALTH SKILLS: Exercising Your Consumer Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 ▼ Lesson 5 Health Care Providers and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 HEALTH SKILLS: Medical Specialists . . . . . . . . 143 Health Do the Shoes Fit? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Building Health Skills Finding Hygiene Facts (Accessing Information) . . . 148 Chapter 6 Growth and Development 152 Lesson 1 Adolescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Lesson 2 The Male Reproductive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Lesson 3 The Female Reproductive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 ▼ Lesson 4 Human Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 HANDS-ON HEALTH: Analyzing Inherited Traits . . . . . . . . . 171 ▼ Lesson 5 Making the Most of Your Teen Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 HEALTH SKILLS: Developing New Interests . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Health Food for the Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Building Health Skills Saying No to Sexual Activity (Refusal Skills) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 vii Understanding Yourself and Others 184 Chapter 7 Mental and Emotional Health 186 ▼ Lesson 1 What Is Mental and Emotional Health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 HEALTH SKILLS: What Shapes Your Personality? . . . 189 Lesson 2 Your Emotions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 HEALTH SKILLS: Standing Up to Bullies . . . . . . . . . . 196 ▼ UNIT 3 ▼ Lesson 3 Managing Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 HANDS-ON HEALTH: Managing Your Time . . . . . . . . 202 ▼ Lesson 4 Mental and Emotional Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 HEALTH SKILLS: Helping a Troubled Friend . . . . . . . . 206 Health Gray Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Building Health Skills Learning to Handle Stress (Stress Management) . . . . . . 210 Chapter 8 Social Health: Family and Friends 214 ▼ Lesson 1 Developing Communication Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 HEALTH SKILLS: Handling Constructive Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 ▼ Lesson 2 Understanding Family Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 HANDS-ON HEALTH: Tips for Teen Talkers . . . . . . . . 223 ▼ Lesson 3 Friendships and Peer Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 HEALTH SKILLS: Facing Peer Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . 229 ▼ Lesson 4 Abstinence and Refusal Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 HEALTH SKILLS: Ways to Say No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 Health When Friendships Hurt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Building Health Skills Practicing Good Communication (Communication Skills) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 viii Chapter 9 Resolving Conflicts and Preventing Violence 242 ▼ Lesson 1 Conflicts at Home and at School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 HEALTH SKILLS: Managing Anger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 ▼ Lesson 2 Conflict Resolution Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 HEALTH SKILLS: Disagreements with Friends . . . . . . . . . . 250 Lesson 3 Preventing Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Lesson 4 Dealing with Abuse and Finding Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Health A Win-Win Situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Building Health Skills Keeping Cool Under Pressure (Conflict Resolution) . . . . . . . . 266 ix Protecting Your Health Chapter 10 Tobacco 270 272 ▼ Lesson 1 What Tobacco Does to the Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 HEALTH SKILLS: Asking Others Not to Smoke . . . . . . 277 ▼ Lesson 2 The Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 HEALTH SKILLS: Every Breath You Take . . . . . . . . . . 281 Lesson 3 Teens and Tobacco Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 ▼ UNIT 4 HANDS-ON HEALTH: Analyzing a Media Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 ▼ Lesson 4 Avoiding Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 HEALTH SKILLS: Helping Others Quit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Health Spittin’ Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Building Health Skills Choosing to Stay Tobacco Free (Analyzing Influences) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Chapter 11 Drugs and Alcohol 298 ▼ Lesson 1 Using Medicines Safely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 HEALTH SKILLS: Following Doctor’s Orders . . . . . . . 302 ▼ Lesson 2 Alcohol Use and Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 HEALTH SKILLS: Helping Someone with a Drinking Problem . . . . . . . . . . 307 Lesson 3 Drug Use and Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 ▼ Lesson 4 The Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 HANDS-ON HEALTH: Nervous System Tricks . . . . . . . 316 ▼ Lesson 5 Avoiding Alcohol and Other Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 HEALTH SKILLS: Refusing to Use Drugs . . . . . . . . . . 323 Health What Is Depression? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Building Health Skills Refuse to Use Alcohol and Drugs (Refusal Skills) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 x Chapter 12 Understanding Communicable Diseases 330 ▼ Lesson 1 Causes of Communicable Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 HANDS-ON HEALTH: Observing Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Lesson 2 The Immune System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Lesson 3 Communicable Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Lesson 4 Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 ▼ Lesson 5 Preventing the Spread of Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 HEALTH SKILLS: Protecting Your Immune System . . . . . . . 354 Health One Bad Bug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 Building Health Skills Media Messages About Sex (Analyzing Influences) . . . . . . . . 358 Chapter 13 Noncommunicable Diseases 362 ▼ Lesson 1 Understanding Allergies and Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 HANDS-ON HEALTH: Determining Lung Capacity . . . . . . . . 368 ▼ Lesson 2 Understanding Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 HEALTH SKILLS: Cancer Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 ▼ Lesson 3 Understanding Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 HEALTH SKILLS: Heart Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Lesson 4 Understanding Diabetes and Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Health Waiting to Inhale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Building Health Skills Be Smart About Your Heart (Goal Setting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 xi Safety and the Environment 390 Chapter 14 Personal Safety and Injury Prevention 392 ▼ Lesson 1 Developing Safe Habits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 HEALTH SKILLS: Getting Home Safely . . . . . . . . . . . 396 Lesson 2 Safety at Home and in School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Lesson 3 Outdoor and Recreational Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 HEALTH SKILLS: Sharing the Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 ▼ UNIT 5 ▼ Lesson 4 Weather Emergencies and Natural Disasters . . . . . . . . . 410 HANDS-ON HEALTH: Earth Under Pressure . . . . . . . . 414 Lesson 5 First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 Health When Storms Spin Out of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Building Health Skills Escaping a Fire Safely (Practicing Healthful Behaviors) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 Chapter 15 The Environment and Your Health 428 ▼ Lesson 1 How Pollution Affects Your Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 HANDS-ON HEALTH: A Throwaway Society . . . . . . . . 433 Lesson 2 Protecting the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Health Clean Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Building Health Skills The Three Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (Advocacy) . . . . 442 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 Glosario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 xii The Links Between Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How Foods Break Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analyzing Inherited Traits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managing Your Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tips for Teen Talkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analyzing a Media Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nervous System Tricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observing Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Determining Lung Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Earth Under Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Throwaway Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 35 106 135 171 202 223 284 316 334 368 414 433 Features Features On s d n Ha h Healt Your Health Triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Making healthy and responsible decisions is easy with Teen Health. Follow the guidelines below to make the most out of each lesson. Lesson 1 Nutrients for Health Quick Write Do the Quick Write This feature will help you start thinking about the information in a lesson. List the foods you ate yesterday. Do you think that you made healthful choices? If not, what would have been some more healthful choices? LEARN ABOUT... • the nutrients your Preview the Lesson Get a preview of what’s coming by reading the lesson objectives in the Learn About…. You can also use this feature to prepare for quizzes and tests. • • body needs to be healthy. how to choose nutrient-rich foods. how to read a Nutrition Facts panel. The Six Major Nutrients Eating healthful food helps you feel good and do your best. Nutrients (NOO·tree·ents) are substances in foods that your body needs in order to grow, have energy, and stay healthy. The six categories of nutrients are described below. Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats Carbohydrates (kar·boh·HY·drayts) are the starches and sugars that provide energy. Starches are complex carbohydrates. They are found in foods such as rice, pasta, breads, potatoes, beans, and corn. Sugars are simple carbohydrates. They occur naturally in milk, fruit, and honey. Sugar is also added to many foods. Proteins (PROH·teenz) are nutrients used to repair body cells and tissues. Proteins are made up of amino (uh·MEE·noh) acids. Complete proteins contain all the essential amino acids. They are found in foods from animal sources, such as meat, dairy products, and eggs. Plant foods lack one or more essential amino acids, so they’re incomplete proteins. However, eating a variety of plant foods, such as beans, nuts, and grains, can provide all the essential amino acids. VOCABULARY • nutrients • carbohydrates • proteins • fats • saturated fats • unsaturated fats • vitamins • minerals • fiber • cholesterol Review Key Terms Find each vocabulary term in the text and read its definition. The terms appear in blue so you can locate them easily! Burritos are a good source of several different nutrients, including proteins and carbohydrates. 88 CHAPTER 4: FOOD AND NUTRITION xiv ▼ Rate your health by taking the Health Inventory for each chapter. Jump-start your goals by filling out a Personal Wellness Contract. ▼ Check out Web Link Exercises for fun and interactive games and activities. ▼ Do some detective work on a particular health topic—Health Quests show you how. ▼ Get ready for tests by using the different Online Study Tools to review vocabulary terms and chapter content. E-flashcards, online quizzes, and interactive drag-anddrop games make studying fun! ▼ Use Glencoe’s Health Web Site to Boost Your Health Smarts! Building Health Skills features give you another chance to master important skills for wellness. el Reading a Nutrition Facts Pan that includes a label Most packaged foods come with a food the product’s nutritional Nutrition Facts panel. The panel lists make smart food choices. value. This information can help you read the various sections of a Figure 4.1 on page 93 shows how to Nutrition Facts panel. large one serving is and The Nutrition Facts panel tells you how nutrients in a serving. the number of calories and amounts of you if a food is high or tell will column Studying the % Daily Value that have low daily value low in certain nutrients. Look for foods erol, and sodium. cholest percentages (below 5 percent) for fats, percentages (20 percent or Choose foods whose labels show high ls. above) of fiber, vitamins, and minera Try the Health Skills and Hands-On Health Activities HEALTH SKILLS ACTIVITY Develop valuable health skills by doing the Health Skills Activities that appear in each chapter. Conduct experiments, create ads, and try the other fun activities in the Hands-On Health features. utensils, . Before you handle food or PRACTICING H EALTHFU L • Cwash your hands with warm, soapy water. Wash your hands after handling raw meats, BEHAVIORS and fish as well as everything LEAN Keeping Food Safe Have you ever felt sick to your stomach been and thought to yourself, “It must have prepare something I ate”? If you handle and e decreas greatly will you y, foods properl To your risk of getting a foodborne illness. steps: these follow safe, food keep • poultry, eggs, that comes into contact with these foods. Clean kitchen surfaces as you work. S E PAR ATE . Separate raw, cooked, and g, ready-to-eat foods while buying, preparin and storing them. . Make sure that you cook foods • Cthe proper temperature by using a food OOK • • • • • • • 92 CHAPTER 4: FOOD AND to hly. thermometer. Reheat leftovers thoroug ated. C H I LL . Keep perishable foods refriger Thaw frozen foods in the refrigerator. F O LLOW TH E LAB E L . Read labels and affollow directions such as “Refrigerate ter opening.” Keep S E RVE SAF E LY. hot foods hot and cold foods cold. W H E N I N D O U BT , ON YOU R OWN TH ROW IT O UT. On a sheet of pap er, Do not eat any describe how you would food that you prepare or store eac h of think has not the following foo ds to been handled or keep it safe: y. stored properl Tuna sandwich Raw ground bee f Raw spinach NUTRITION Study the Infographics First, think about the overall message that the infographic is presenting. Then, read each callout carefully and determine what part of the image it is highlighting. Complete the Lesson Reviews Completing the lesson reviews can help you see how well you know the material you have just studied. It also gives you a chance to apply what you’ve learned to different situations, as well as practice a health skill. FIGURE 4.1 G ETT ING TH E N UT RIT ION FAC TS Reading Nutritio n Facts panels will help you choose hea products. Do you lthful food look at the serving size when deciding of a food to eat? how much What is the total amount of fat in the product? How much of that fat is saturated? The serving size is portion most peop the eat. The amounts le listed for calories, nutrients, and food substances are base on one serving of d package’s contentsthe . How many calories does one serving contain? How man y of those calories com e from fat? Le Less sson on 1 The % Daily Value you judge the amo column helps unts of the listed nutrients in one servi product. The gene ng of the that 20 percent or ral guideline is more is a lot and 5 percent or less isn't very much. ed on e bas ues ar daily ly Val iet. Your lower s: d t Dai d ercen0 calorie higher orlorie nee 2,500 *P e 0 lue* a 2,0es may b your ca 2,000 80g ily Va on s: lu % Da 25g g ing: 10% va ending Calorie 65g Serv ep 0m Per 3% d ss thanan 20g g 30 0mg Le ount m 0m th A 2,40 6g 0% Fat Fat Less than 30 400mg 375g l l Fat Fat 0.5g ta ta d 2, ss To To ted 7% Saturate ol Le ss than 300g 30g er Satura erol 0mg Le lest e 25g 10% Cho um lest at g o g dr h 0m 29 C hy di m 16 9% So tal Carbo r drate Sodiu arbohy To tary Fibe ) ie (42g lC D 2g ta rs r To : 2 ba age:1 ry Fibe g Size ck g Dieta s 11 Servin gs Per Pa Sugar 4g Servin in 180 Fat 60 rote ries C 0% P Calo ies from in m ita Calor % • V n 6% 0 4 in A • Iro Vitam um 0% This shows the Calci n ritio Nut ts c Fa percentage of Daily Values for selected vitamins and minerals in one serving of the food . Re Revi view ew Using complete sen tences, answer the following questions on a sheet of paper. Reviewing Terms This section show s the suggested amounts nutrients and food of substances the aver person should aim age day. Your individua for each may be higher or l needs lower. and Fac ts 1. Recall Identify the six categories of nutrients. 2. Vocabulary Wh at are carbohydrates ? 3. Discuss What are proteins, and how do they help the body? 4. Distinguish Exp lain the difference betw een saturated and unsatur ated fats. What food sources contain each of these types of fats 5. List Name thre ? e minerals, and exp lain how each one help s your body. Thinking Critically 6. Evaluate How do the ABCs of goo d health work together to help you achieve a healthful lifestyle? 7. Suggest What would you tell som eone who isn’t sure how old the leftovers in the refrigerator are? Wh y? Applying Health Skills 8. Accessing Info rmation Study the Nutrition Facts panel on a package or can of food. Would this foo d help you fulfill the Dietary Guidelines ? Write a short repo rt in which you list you r find the product’s nutritio ings and explain nal value. LESSON 1: NUTRIENTS FOR HEALTH 93 xv