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Roaring Twenties sec. 1
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Boom Times
The Big Idea
American industries boomed in the 1920s, changing many Americans’ way of life.
Main Ideas
President Harding promised a return to peace and prosperity.
Calvin Coolidge supported a probusiness agenda.
American business boomed in the 1920s.
In 1928, Americans elected Herbert Hoover, hoping he would help good financial times continue.
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Main Idea 1:
President Harding promised a return to peace and prosperity.
• The end of World War I impacted the American economy.
• Factories cut back on production.
• Millions of soldiers left military.
• Unemployment rose sharply.
• Prices soared
• Wages could not keep up with rising prices.
• Workers went on strike.
• Voters blamed Wilson’s Democratic Party for the hard times.
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Who was blamed for the hard times after WWI?
A
Democratic Party
B
Republican Party
C
Bull Moose Party
D
Russians
Warren Harding won the election of 1920 due to problems after WWI.
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1920 Presidential Election
• Republicans chose Warren G. Harding as their candidate.
• Harding chose Calvin Coolidge as his running mate.
• Campaign strategy: promise to return country to stability and prosperity
• Harding won a landslide victory with 60 percent of the popular vote.
• Immediately worked to strengthen the economy
• However, the presidency faced problems.
• Corruption of presidential appointees
• Teapot Dome scandal involved the first cabinet member ever to be convicted of a crime for his actions while in office.
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Main Idea 2:
Calvin Coolidge supported a probusiness agenda.
• Calvin Coolidge became president in August 1923 after Harding died of a heart attack.
• Fired all of the officials involved in corruption scandals during Harding’s administration.
• Gained popularity for his work
• Coolidge elected president in 1924 election.
• Moved forward on a probusiness agenda
• Lowered taxes for wealthy
• Raised tariffs on foreign goods to decrease domestic competition
• Vetoed Congressional attempts to provide aid to farmers through price regulation
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Calvin Coolidge did the following when he became president. (choose 4)
Calvin Coolidge became president after Harding died of a heart attack. He won the election of 1924.
A
Fired all officials involved in corruption under Harding
B
Increased taxes on wealthy
C
Lowered taxes for wealthy
D
Raised tariffs (taxes) on foreign goods
E
Helped farmers through price regulation
F
Vetoed Congressional attempts to aid farmers
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Returning to Prosperity
• Europeans wanted to avoid another devastating war.
• In 1928, the United States and 14 other countries signed the Kellog­Briand Pact.
• Agreement that outlawed war
• Eventually signed by 62 nations
• Some complained that the pact was unenforceable.
• Others saw the pact as a sign that most countries wanted to prevent another global conflict.
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The Kellog­Briand Pact stopped any wars from occurring
again.
True
False
Red and orange countries signed the Pact. The pink and brown areas are their colonies.
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Main Idea 3:
American business boomed in the 1920s.
• Between 1921 and 1929, U.S. manufacturing doubled.
• As jobs and wages increased, so did people’s ability to buy new products.
• New products changed the way Americans lived.
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Rise of the Automobile
• Henry Ford, an inventor from Detroit, developed the Model T automobile
• Dreamed of building a car that Americans could afford
• Made car affordable by cutting costs of production.
• Used moving assembly line, a system of conveyor belts to move parts from one group of workers to another, thus saving production time
• Allowed customers to buy cars using an installment plan
• Other automobile companies began to offer installment plans.
• The automobile changed the way Americans lived.
• Could take jobs farther away from where they lived
• Gave people a sense of freedom and adventure
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How did Ford cut the production costs of the automobile and make cars affordable for a lot of Americans.
A
Higher prices
B
Bigger factories
C
Hire more people
D
Moving Assembly Line
Henry Ford with his Model T
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Growing Industries
Factory employment rose as parts were needed for automobile production.
Government spent millions improving roads.
New business opportunities arose along roadways to serve travelers, including gas stations, restaurants, and motels.
Electricity was more widely available, and companies began creating electrical appliances to make household chores easier.
Advertising industry boomed as companies competed to sell their goods.
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New business opportunities started as a result of the increased automobile industry.
True
False
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Main Idea 4:
In 1928, Americans elected Herbert Hoover, hoping he would help good financial times continue.
1928 Election
• Herbert Hoover was the Republican candidate.
• Public support was strong.
• Promised that he would maintain economic prosperity
• New York governor Alfred E. Smith was Democratic candidate.
• Campaign focused on issues facing city­dwellers.
• Religious faith was also an issue; he was the first Catholic to run for president.
• Hoover elected with 58 percent of the popular vote.
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Why did Hoover win the 1928 election?
A
Things were going poorly for people
B
He promised continued economic prosperity
C
Alfred Smith was not good
D
U.S. wanted worse times
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